Questões de Inglês

Read Passage carefully, and then answer the question.

 

PASSAGE

 

HIGHER EDUCATION SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVE - TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)

 

[1] The Higher Education Sustainability Initiative (HESI) is an open partnership between United Nations Department 
of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA), UNESCO, United Nations Environment, the Principles for Responsible 
Management Education (PRME) initiative, United Nations University (UNU), UN-HABITAT, UNCTAD and UNITAR.  
HESI provides a broad platform for the United Nations and stakeholders to learn and share how the higher 
[5] education community is supporting implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and for 
encouraging higher education institutions (HEIs) and university networks to integrate sustainable development 
into teaching, research, outreach, and sustainability practices. 
(…) 
HESI works with a range of actors, namely its Partners (UN entities), Signatories (i.e. Higher Education 
[10] Institutions) and Supporters (i.e. international networks, national and regional organizations and student 
organizations) in carrying out its activities. This open partnership provides a unique interface between higher 
education, science and policy making in support of the SDGs.  
HESI relies on an informal organizational structure, leveraging a very collaborative and dynamic set of partners, 
higher education institutions and networks. In this regard, HESI has been able to attract many commitments 
[15] through their own network of Partners, Signatories and Supporters. While this modus operandi has been very 
successful in the past, it has also been noted by members the need to achieve a more regular and effective 
collaboration mechanism for engaging with HESI. It is against this background the present proposed Terms of 
Reference has been prepared, intended to clarify the roles and responsibilities of the various actors involved in 
HESI. 

Available at: https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/documents/22086HESI_ToR_22_March.pdf Adapted (access in 11 de april de 2023)

Considering the context of passage, the acronym SDGs is related with the idea of

Read Passage carefully, and then answer the question.

 

PASSAGE

 

Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR) 2023

[1] The Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR) originated in “The Future We Want,” the outcome of    the 
Rio+20 conference on sustainable development, when Member States were laying the groundwork for  the 2030 
Agenda for Sustainable Development and the 17 associated Sustainable Development Goals   (SDGs). The 
negotiators knew that the 2030 Agenda would be complex, and unprecedented in ambition, and that a siloed 
[5] approach to development would not be adequate. They recognised the power of science to understand and 
navigate relationships among social, environmental and economic development objectives, and so they called 
for a report to strengthen the science-policy interface. In 2016, Member States decided that the report should 
be produced once every four years, to inform the quadrennial SDG review deliberations (SDG Summit) at the 
General Assembly, and that it should be written by an Independent Group of Scientists appointed by the 
[10] Secretary-General. They mandated that the Group would  consist of 15 experts representing a variety of  
backgrounds, scientific disciplines and institutions, ensuring geographical and gender balance. The 2019 Global 
Sustainable Development Report, The Future is Now: Science for Achieving Sustainable Development, was the 
first report prepared by an Independent Group of Scientists appointed by the United Nations Secretary-General. 
The second Global Sustainable Development Report written by an Independent Group of Scientists is slated for 
[15] release in September 2023.

 

The 2023 Global Sustainable Development Report will be launched as the world approaches the half-way point 
of the 2030 Agenda and struggles to rebuild in the aftermath (or in the midst) of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this 
context, practical solutions that can accelerate progress on the SDGs will be urgently needed. The 2023 Report 
will build on the 2019 Report providing evidence that can help decision-makers to accelerate action and 
[20] overcome impediments that stand in the way of progress on sustainable development. The focus will be on 
accelerating transformation through important entry points and enabling science to support this acceleration.

Available at: https://sdgs.un.org/gsdr/gsdr2023 (Adapted). Access in 29 may, 2023.

In lines 16-17: “The 2023 Global Sustainable Development Report will be launched as the world approaches the half-way point of the 2030 Agenda and struggles to rebuild in the aftermath (or in the midst) of the COVID-19 pandemic” the use of “will” is intended to

Read Passage carefully, and then answer the question.

 

PASSAGE

 

Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR) 2023

[1] The Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR) originated in “The Future We Want,” the outcome of    the 
Rio+20 conference on sustainable development, when Member States were laying the groundwork for  the 2030 
Agenda for Sustainable Development and the 17 associated Sustainable Development Goals   (SDGs). The 
negotiators knew that the 2030 Agenda would be complex, and unprecedented in ambition, and that a siloed 
[5] approach to development would not be adequate. They recognised the power of science to understand and 
navigate relationships among social, environmental and economic development objectives, and so they called 
for a report to strengthen the science-policy interface. In 2016, Member States decided that the report should 
be produced once every four years, to inform the quadrennial SDG review deliberations (SDG Summit) at the 
General Assembly, and that it should be written by an Independent Group of Scientists appointed by the 
[10] Secretary-General. They mandated that the Group would  consist of 15 experts representing a variety of  
backgrounds, scientific disciplines and institutions, ensuring geographical and gender balance. The 2019 Global 
Sustainable Development Report, The Future is Now: Science for Achieving Sustainable Development, was the 
first report prepared by an Independent Group of Scientists appointed by the United Nations Secretary-General. 
The second Global Sustainable Development Report written by an Independent Group of Scientists is slated for 
[15] release in September 2023.

 

The 2023 Global Sustainable Development Report will be launched as the world approaches the half-way point 
of the 2030 Agenda and struggles to rebuild in the aftermath (or in the midst) of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this 
context, practical solutions that can accelerate progress on the SDGs will be urgently needed. The 2023 Report 
will build on the 2019 Report providing evidence that can help decision-makers to accelerate action and 
[20] overcome impediments that stand in the way of progress on sustainable development. The focus will be on 
accelerating transformation through important entry points and enabling science to support this acceleration.

Available at: https://sdgs.un.org/gsdr/gsdr2023 (Adapted). Access in 29 may, 2023.

We may assume that one of the main characteristics of the “Agenda 2030 and its Report” is the

Read Passage carefully, and then answer the question.

 

PASSAGE

 

Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR) 2023

[1] The Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR) originated in “The Future We Want,” the outcome of    the 
Rio+20 conference on sustainable development, when Member States were laying the groundwork for  the 2030 
Agenda for Sustainable Development and the 17 associated Sustainable Development Goals   (SDGs). The 
negotiators knew that the 2030 Agenda would be complex, and unprecedented in ambition, and that a siloed 
[5] approach to development would not be adequate. They recognised the power of science to understand and 
navigate relationships among social, environmental and economic development objectives, and so they called 
for a report to strengthen the science-policy interface. In 2016, Member States decided that the report should 
be produced once every four years, to inform the quadrennial SDG review deliberations (SDG Summit) at the 
General Assembly, and that it should be written by an Independent Group of Scientists appointed by the 
[10] Secretary-General. They mandated that the Group would  consist of 15 experts representing a variety of  
backgrounds, scientific disciplines and institutions, ensuring geographical and gender balance. The 2019 Global 
Sustainable Development Report, The Future is Now: Science for Achieving Sustainable Development, was the 
first report prepared by an Independent Group of Scientists appointed by the United Nations Secretary-General. 
The second Global Sustainable Development Report written by an Independent Group of Scientists is slated for 
[15] release in September 2023.

 

The 2023 Global Sustainable Development Report will be launched as the world approaches the half-way point 
of the 2030 Agenda and struggles to rebuild in the aftermath (or in the midst) of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this 
context, practical solutions that can accelerate progress on the SDGs will be urgently needed. The 2023 Report 
will build on the 2019 Report providing evidence that can help decision-makers to accelerate action and 
[20] overcome impediments that stand in the way of progress on sustainable development. The focus will be on 
accelerating transformation through important entry points and enabling science to support this acceleration.

Available at: https://sdgs.un.org/gsdr/gsdr2023 (Adapted). Access in 29 may, 2023.

Considering this type of text, it presents organized information about

No trecho do quarto parágrafo “governments can collaborate on some big issues”, um exemplo de “big issues” é

    The 2020s have brought a degree of chaos not seen in decades. A pandemic was followed by a full-scale war in Europe; both sent food and fuel prices surging. Extreme weather events have shown that climate change is beginning to bite. The phrase “unprecedented times” soon sounded too common.

    This all affected the global standards of living. One measure of this, the United Nations’ Human Development Index (HDI), fell in 2020 for the first time since its launch. It fell again in 2021. The HDI is one of the most widely used measures of countries’ development, after the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It is not complete, though. It does not account for economic inequality, for example, or disparities between ethnicities and genders.

    The latest figures show that the global HDI is rising again, but progress has been slow and uneven. It seems the long-term trend appears to have suffered a permanent setback since the pandemic. This setback will deeply affect the world’s poorest.

    Yet there are reasons for hope. The chaos of the 2020s has also shown that governments can collaborate on some big issues. During the pandemic, vaccines were developed, produced and distributed at remarkable speed, saving an estimated 20 million lives in their first year alone. At the 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28) in 2023 the world proved that it could agree on a deal to tackle climate change (even if fulfilling it is another matter). More of that will be needed to overcome the setbacks from the start of the decade.

(www.economist.com, 13.03.2024. Adaptado.)

The first paragraph provides