Questão 57 - FACERES Medicina 2013/2

Medical ethics 

Medical ethics is a system of moral principles that apply values and judgments to the practice of medicine. As a scholarly discipline, medical ethics encompasses its practical application in clinical settings as well as work on its history, philosophy, theology, and sociology. The values that commonly apply to medical ethics discussions are:

• autonomy;

• beneficence;

• justice;

• non-maleficence;

• respect for persons;

• truth fulness and honesty.

Values such as these do not give answers as to how to handle a particular situation, but provide a useful framework for understanding conflicts. When moral values are in conflict, the result may be an ethical dilemma or crisis. Sometimes, no good solution to a dilemma in medical ethics exists, and occasionally, the values of the medical community (i.e., the hospital and its staff) conflict with the values of the individual patient, family, or larger non-medical community. Conflicts can also arise between health care providers, or among family members. For example, some argue that the principles of autonomy and beneficence clash when patients refuse blood transfusions, considering them life-saving; and truth-telling was not emphasized to a large extent before the HIV era.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine (with adaptation)

There are some values that commonly apply to medical ethics discussions, and they are: