Questão 47 - PAS - UFLA 1 Etapa 2022-2024

Read Passage 1 carefully, and then answer the question.

 

PASSAGE  1 

AMERICAN INDIAN CODE TALKERS

 

[1]     What is a code talker? A code talker is the name given to American Indians who used their tribal language to 
send secret communications on the battlefield. Most people have heard of the famous Navajo (or Diné) code 
talkers who used their traditional language to transmit secret Allied messages in the Pacific theater of combat 
during World War II. But did you know that there were at least 14 other Native nations, including the Cherokee 
[5] and Comanche, that served as code talkers in both the Pacific and Europe during the war?  The idea of using 
American Indians who were fluent in both their traditional tribal language and in English to send secret 
messages in battle was first put to the test in World War I with the Choctaw Telephone Squad and other Native 
communications experts and messengers. However, it wasn’t until World War II that the US military developed a 
specific policy to recruit and train American Indian speakers to become code talkers.  
[10]     The US Army was the first branch of the military that began recruiting code talkers from places like Oklahoma 
in 1940. Apart from basic training, these men had to develop and memorize a unique military code using their 
mostly unwritten language, and were placed in a guarded room until this task was completed. The first type of 
code they created, Type 1 code, consisted of 26 Navajo terms that stood for individual English letters that could 
be used to spell out a word. For instance, the Navajo word for “ant”, “wo-la-chee”, was used to represent the 
[15] letter “a” in English. Type 2 code contained words that could be directly translated from English into Navajo. For 
instance, since there was no existing Navajo word for “submarine”, the code talkers agreed to use the term 
besh-lo, which translates to “iron fish.” Despite their heroic contributions during the war, American Indian code 
talkers were told that they had to keep their work secret. While there was some recognition in the 1970s and 
1980s, it wasn’t until 2001 that Congressional Gold Medals were given to the Navajo and other code talkers. 

Available at: https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/american-indian-code-talkers (adapted) Accessed on: 07/06/2021.

The main goal of this passage is to