Questão 44 - FGV-SP Administração - UNIFICADO 2024

Texto para as questão

 

        THE GREAT POWER OF NONVIOLENCE

 

1    It’s a philosophy that could be said to date back to Christ’s admonition to his followers to “turn the other cheek” [“dar a outra face”]. But the philosophy of nonviolence saw its most dramatic application in two powerful episodes of 20th-century history. Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948), leader of India’s movement to gain independence from Great Britain, once said, “There are many causes I am prepared to die for, but none I am prepared to kill for.” He first applied that philosophy to the independence struggle in the Non-Cooperation Movement, a campaign from 1920 to 1922 that rested on tactics like a consumer boycott of British-made goods and a call for Indians to withdraw from British institutions in India, including schools, courts, the civil service, and police forces. Gandhi called off the campaign after violent clashes [embates] between police and protesters led to deaths on both sides, making him fear that the movement was losing sight of its nonviolent principles. But he would later pursue other nonviolent campaigns that would result in Britain granting independence to India in 1947.

2    In the decade that followed, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-68) applied Gandhi’s methods to the struggle to win civil rights for African Americans. In the face of constant provocations, including beatings, shootings, and the bombing of a Birmingham, Alabama church, King led a nonviolent campaign of boycotts and civil disobedience that bore fruit [deu frutos] in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Like Gandhi, King would be assassinated. But the example of both men lives on as an inspiration to the world.

Adapted from 100 Great Ideas That Changed The World.

According to the information in the article, in the period from 1920 to 1922,