Questões de Inglês

Examine os gráficos e leia o texto para responder a questão.

 

Educated Americans live longer, as others die younger

 

catching up faliing behind

united states, average life expectance at age 25

 

 

(Anne Case and Angus Deaton. “Life expectancy in adulthood is falting for those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial gaps have narrowed”. PNAS« 2021. Adaptado.)

 

    A 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to live almost a decade longer than a contemporary who dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education gap is less well documented — and is especially marked in rich countries. And whereas the average American’s expected span has been flat in recent years — and, strikingly, even fell between 2015 and 2017 — that of the one-third with a bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.

    This disparity in life expectancy is growing, according to new research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Using data from nearly 50m death certificates filed between 1990 and 2018, Anne Case and Angus Deaton of Princeton University analysed differences in life expectancy by sex, race, ethnicity and education. They found that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelor’s degree started to diverge in the 1990s and 2000s. This gap grew even wider in the 2010s as the life expectancy of degree-holders continued to rise while that of other Americans got shorter.

    What is the link between schooling and longevity? Some argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles: each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with greater health. Ms Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labour markets, including the rise of automation and increased demand for highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of employer-provided health care, have depressed the supply of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide and other “deaths of despair”.

(www.economist.com,17.03.2021. Adaptado.)

No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “And whereas the average American’s expected span has been flat in recent years”, o termo sublinhado pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por

A poeta e ativista palestina Rafeef Ziadah estava participando da cobertura jornalística do massacre em Gaza quando um jornalista não-palestino perguntou-lhe se as coisas não seriam melhores se os palestinos parassem de ensinar o ódio às suas crianças. Em resposta a essa pergunta, Ziadah compôs o poema “We teach life, sir”, transcrito a seguir:

 

Today, my body was a TV’d massacre
that had to fit into sound-bites and word limits.
And I perfected my English and I learned my UN resolutions.
But still, he asked me, Ms. Ziadah, don’t you think that
everything would be resolved
if you would just stop teaching so much hatred to your
children?
Pause.
I look inside of me for strength to be patient
but patience is not at the tip of my tongue as the bombs drop
over Gaza.
Today, my body was a TV’d massacre made to fit into soundbites and word limits
and move those that are desensitized to terrorist blood.
And these are not two equal sides: occupier and occupied.
And a hundred dead, two hundred dead, and a thousand dead.
And between that, war crime, and massacre,
I vent out words and smile “not exotic”, “not terrorist”.
No sound-bite will fix this.
We teach life, sir.

(Adaptado de https://blissonature.wordpress.com/2011/11/17/rafeef-ziadahwe-teach-life-sir-text-transcription-lyrics-words-of-poem/. Acessado em 01/ 07/2021.)

 

A partir da leitura do texto, depreende-se que

O trecho a seguir pertence ao romance “The Bell Jar” (A Redoma de Vidro), da escritora estadunidense Sylvia Plath.

 

“From the tip of every branch, like a fat purple fig, a wonderful future beckoned and winked. One fig was a husband and a happy home and children, and another fig was a famous poet and another fig was a brilliant professor, (…) and beyond and above these figs were many more figs I couldn't quite make out. (…) I wanted each and every one of them, but choosing one meant losing all the rest, and, as I sat there, unable to decide, the figs began to wrinkle and go black, and, one by one, they plopped to the ground at my feet.”

(Disponível em https://www.ted.com/talks/iseult_gillespie_why_should_you _ read_sylvia _plath. Acessado em 20/07/2021.)

 

Qual das imagens representa melhor a reflexão principal do excerto?

There is no evidence that hydroxychloroquine helps

Covid-19 patients. So why is Congress still discussing it?

 

By Ashish Jha Dean of the Brown University School of Public Health Nov 24, 2020

 

Last week, in the United States Senate, the conversation was all about the drug hydroxychloroquine. There has been no evidence that hydroxychloroquine improves outcomes for Covid-19 patients; some studies have found that it causes more harm than good. The hearing and the theater around it reflect the disinformation campaigns that have undermined belief in science. Neither Ron Johnson, the Wisconsin senator who is the chairman of the committee, nor his chosen witnesses showed more than a passing interest in evidence. Intuition and the personal experiences of individual doctors were the guiding principles. Early in the pandemic, President Trump referred to hydroxychloroquine as a “game changer”; “I feel good about it”, he said.

That’s not how we practice medicine. We have to protect lives through public health measures while we await widespread vaccinations. By endorsing unfounded therapies, we risk jeopardizing a century’s work of medical progress. Do we really want to go back to not using the best evidence to decide which treatments work? Do we want to let politicians prescribe our medications? Science and evidence are the tools we use to know what is true. They are the foundation of modern medicine and public health.

(Adaptado de https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/24/opinion/hydroxychloro quine-covid.html. Acessado em 06/06/2021.)

 

Com base no texto, assinale a alternativa que responde à pergunta apresentada no título do artigo.

On a summer night in 1969, police raided the Stonewall Inn, a bar in New York City that served as a haven for the city’s gay, lesbian, and transgender community. Back then, homosexual acts were illegal in every state in the USA except Illinois, and bars and restaurants could get shut down for having gay employees or serving gay patrons. Most gay bars in New York at the time (including the Stonewall) were operated by the Mafia, who paid corruptible police officers to look the other way and blackmailed wealthy gay patrons by threatening to “out” them. Police raids on gay bars were common, but on that particular night, members of the city’s LGBTQIA+ community decided to fight back, sparking an uprising that would launch a new era of resistance and revolution. Though the gay rights movement didn’t begin at Stonewall, the uprising did mark a turning point, as earlier “homophile” organizations like the Mattachine Society gave way to more radical groups like the Gay Liberation Front and the Gay Activists Alliance.

(Adaptado de https://www.history.com/news/stonewall-riots-timeline. Acessado em 04/06/2021.)

 

De acordo com o texto, os protestos de Stonewall representaram

Em 2020, Joaquin Phoenix ganhou o Oscar de melhor ator por sua interpretação no filme “Coringa”, de 2019. Apresenta-se, a seguir, um trecho de seu discurso na ocasião.

“I think whether we’re talking about gender inequality or racism or queer rights or indigenous rights or animal rights, we’re talking about the fight against injustice. We’re talking about the fight against the belief that one nation, one people, one race, one gender, or one species has the right to dominate, control, and use and exploit another with impunity. I think that we’ve become very disconnected from the natural world, and many of us, what we’re guilty of, is an egocentric worldview: the belief that we’re the center of the universe. We go into the natural world, and we plunder it for its resources. We feel entitled to artificially inseminate a cow, and when she gives birth, we steal her baby even though her cries of anguish are unmistakable. Then we take her milk that’s intended for her calf, and we put it in our coffee and our cereal”.

(Adaptado de https://www.rev.com/blog/transcripts/joaquin-phoenix-oscaracceptance-speech-transcript-phoenix-wins-for-joker. Acessado em 02/07/ 2021.)

 

Em seu discurso, o ator