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     When given the choice between a free meal and performing a task for a meal, cats would prefer the meal that doesn’t require much effort. While that might not come as a surprise to some cat lovers, it does to cat behaviorists. Most animals prefer to work for their food — a behavior called contrafreeloading.

    A new study from researchers at the University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine showed most domestic cats choose not to contrafreeload. The study found that cats would rather eat from a tray of easily available food rather than work out a simple puzzle to get their food.

    “There is an entire body of research that shows that most species including birds, rodents, wolves, primates — even giraffes — prefer to work for their food,” said lead author Mikel Delgado, a cat behaviorist and research affiliate at UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine.

    In the study, Delgado, along with co-authors Melissa Bain and Brandon Han, provided 17 cats a food puzzle and a tray of food. The puzzle allowed the cats to easily see the food but required some manipulation to extract it. Some of the cats even had food puzzle experience.

    “It wasn’t that cats never used the food puzzle, but cats ate more food from the tray, spent more time at the tray and made more first choices to approach and eat from the tray rather than the puzzle,” said Delgado.

(www.neurosciencenews.com, 14.08.2021. Adaptado.)

No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “— even giraffes —” o duplo travessão indica

Examine a tirinha, publicada na conta do Instagram “dinos and comics”, em 05.07.2021.

Na tirinha, o dinossauro azul aconselha o dinossauro vermelho a não fugir de seus problemas porque

Com base na imagem apresentada, é correto afirmar que

INSTRUCTIONS: HOW TO INSTALL A WASHING MACHINE

 

1. Hook Up the Drain Line. Depending upon your machine, you might have to hook up the drain connection to the back of the machine with a hose clamp. Sometimes, the drain connection is already installed. If yours is the latter, simply push the drain line into the drain line standpipe before plugging in the machine.

 

2. Test the Machine. Lastly, begin a test load to ensure the washer is working properly. When you begin the test load, check the water lines at all four connections for signs of a leak. Allow the machine to go through the full process so you can watch for proper drainage as well. Watching the machine carefully this first time can save you from a flood or maybe even a small leak that you may not catch right away.

 

3. Place the Machine. Using a dolly or a strong helper, carefully position the washing machine very close to the wall with the drain, hose outlets, and power outlet for beginning the process.

 

4. Plug in the Machine. Plug in the electric cord before you push the washer into the final position. Turn on the water lines.

 

5. Connect the Water Hoses. Then, connect the washing machine hoses to the water outlets behind the washing machine. Note that the outlets on the machine are "hot" and "cold." Keep track of the hoses so you can remember to hook them into the appropriate hot and cold valves.

STICKLEY, Aaron. How to install a washing machine. The Spruce: make your best home. Published in August, 30th, 2021. Available in: https://www.thespruce. com/installing-a-washing-machine-2718668. Acess in: 01 nov. 2021 (adapted)

 

Manuais de instrução trazem, em passos, etapas para instalação de máquinas. O texto dado explica como instalar uma máquina de lavar roupas. Entretanto, no texto, as etapas para esse procedimento estão desorganizadas. De acordo com o contexto, organize a sequência das etapas apresentadas em 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5.

 

Sendo assim, a ordem correta para as instruções em sequência lógica e coerente do texto é a relativa aos

EFFECTS OF SOCIAL ISOLATION AND LONELINESS

 

Mental and physical health are interconnected. Social isolation’s adverse health consequences range from sleeplessness to reduced immune function. Loneliness is associated with higher anxiety, depression, and suicide rates. Isolation and loneliness are also linked to poor cardiovascular health and cognitive function:

 

A study led by an epidemiologist at Newcastle University concluded that deficiencies in social relationships are associated with a higher risk for coronary heart disease and stroke.

 

A study published in The Journals of Gerontology concluded that loneliness was associated with a 40 percent increase in the risk of dementia.

 

Links between social isolation and serious medical conditions are not fully understood, but ample evidence supports the connection. A study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology linked social isolation with higher risks of premature mortality. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) points to loneliness and isolation as serious public health risks.

 

Effects of Physical Distancing

 

Some effects of social isolation are specific to pandemics or other public health situations that require people to physically distance.

 

Loneliness and depression can go hand in hand with anxiety and fear about the dangers associated with the event that made physical distancing measures necessary. (???) Even people who are supportive of safetyrelated isolation and quarantine can experience frustration and irritability.

Understanding the Effects of Social Isolation on Mental Health. Tulane University - School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. Published in: December 8, 2020. Available in: https://publichealth.tulane.edu/blog/effects-of-social-isolation-on-mental-health/. Access in: 30 oct. 2021 (adapted)

 

One sentence is missing in the text. According to the context, choose the alternative that correctly completes the idea of the text in the gap [showed in bold and highlighted as (???) in the text.

WHAT IS GAME-BASED LEARNING?

 

Games have been used as a learning tool for centuries. Chess was used to teach strategic (1)________ as far back as the Middle Ages, and the game of Kreigsspiel was invented in 1812 specifically to teach Prussian officers strategy. Beyond military strategy, the genesis of Kindergarten in the mid-1800s was Friedrich Fröbel’s ideas of learning through play.

 

The core concept behind game-based learning is teaching through repetition, failure and the accomplishment of goals. Video games are built on this principle. The player starts off slow and gains in skill until they’re able to skillfully navigate the most (2)_____ levels. Games that are planned and designed well will offer enough difficulty to keep it (3)_________ while still being easy enough for the player to win.

 

Game-based learning takes this same concept and applies it to teaching a curriculum. Students work toward a goal, choosing actions and experiencing the consequences of those actions. They (4)__________ learn and practice the right way to do things. The result is active learning instead of passive learning.

 

Flight simulators are a perfect example of the (5)___________ of game-based learning. Pilots commonly use flight simulators during their training. They’re given very specific goals and practice until they can accomplish them. The result is much more effective than sitting through lectures and theory.

CAHILL, Gavin. Why Game-Based Learning? The learning counsel: research and context on the digital education experience. Available in: https:// thelearningcounsel.com/article/why-game-based-learning. Access in: 29 oct. 2021 (adapted).

 

Cinco termos foram retirados desse excerto.

 

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as palavras que completam, correta e respectivamente, as lacunas numeradas nele.