Questões de Inglês

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

 

    Facebook officials had internal research in March 2020 showing that Instagram — the social media platform most used by adolescents — is harmful to teen girls’ body image and well-being but swept those findings under the rug to continue conducting business as usual, according to a Sept. 14, 2021, Wall Street Journal report.

    Facebook’s policy of pursuing profits regardless of documented harm has sparked comparisons to Big Tobacco, which knew in the 1950s that its products were carcinogenic but publicly denied it into the 21st century. Those of us who study social media use in teens didn’t need a suppressed internal research study to know that Instagram can harm teens.

    Understanding the impact of social media on teens is important. A Pew Research Center poll shows that 89% of teens report they are online “almost constantly” or “several times a day”. Teens are more likely to log on to Instagram than any other social media site. It is a prevalent part of adolescent life. Yet studies consistently show that the more often teens use Instagram, the worse their overall well-being, self-esteem, life satisfaction, mood and body image.

    But Instagram isn’t problematic simply because it is popular. There are two key features that seem to make it particularly risky. First, it allows users to follow both celebrities and peers, both of whom can present a manipulated, filtered picture of an unrealistic body along with a highly curated impression of a perfect life. Meanwhile, Facebook has been relegated to the uncool soccer moms and grandparents. For teens, this integration of celebrities and retouched versions of real-life peers presents a ripe environment for upward social comparison, or comparing yourself to someone who is “better” in some respect.

    Instagram is also risky for teens because its emphasis on pictures of the body leads users to focus on how their bodies look to others. Being an object for others to view doesn’t help the “selfie generation” feel empowered and sure of themselves — it can do exactly the opposite. These are not insignificant health concerns, because body dissatisfaction during the teen years is a powerful and consistent predictor of later eating disorder symptoms.

    Facebook has acknowledged internally what researchers have been documenting for years: Instagram can be harmful to teens. The big question will be how Facebook handles these damaging results. History and the courts have been less than forgiving of the head-in-the-sand approach of Big Tobacco.

(Christia Spears Brown. www.theconversation.com, 16.09.2021. Adaptado.)

In the fragment from the third paragraph “Yet studies consistently show that the more often teens use Instagram”, the underlined word indicates a

Leia o soneto de Luís de Camões para responder à questão.

 

A fermosura desta fresca serra
e a sombra dos verdes castanheiros,
o manso caminhar destes ribeiros,
donde toda a tristeza se desterra;

 

o rouco som do mar, a estranha¹ terra,
o esconder do sol pelos outeiros²,
o recolher dos gados derradeiros,
das nuvens pelo ar a branda guerra;

 

enfim, tudo o que a rara natureza
com tanta variedade nos of’rece,
me está, se não te vejo, magoando.

 

Sem ti, tudo me enoja e me aborrece;
sem ti, perpetuamente estou passando,
nas mores alegrias, mor tristeza.

 

¹ estranha: rara, que não é comum, que não é vulgar.
² outeiros: montes.

(Luís de Camões. Sonetos, 2001.)

On the first line of the second paragraph “Facebook’s policy of pursuing profits”, the underlined term can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

 

    Facebook officials had internal research in March 2020 showing that Instagram — the social media platform most used by adolescents — is harmful to teen girls’ body image and well-being but swept those findings under the rug to continue conducting business as usual, according to a Sept. 14, 2021, Wall Street Journal report.

    Facebook’s policy of pursuing profits regardless of documented harm has sparked comparisons to Big Tobacco, which knew in the 1950s that its products were carcinogenic but publicly denied it into the 21st century. Those of us who study social media use in teens didn’t need a suppressed internal research study to know that Instagram can harm teens.

    Understanding the impact of social media on teens is important. A Pew Research Center poll shows that 89% of teens report they are online “almost constantly” or “several times a day”. Teens are more likely to log on to Instagram than any other social media site. It is a prevalent part of adolescent life. Yet studies consistently show that the more often teens use Instagram, the worse their overall well-being, self-esteem, life satisfaction, mood and body image.

    But Instagram isn’t problematic simply because it is popular. There are two key features that seem to make it particularly risky. First, it allows users to follow both celebrities and peers, both of whom can present a manipulated, filtered picture of an unrealistic body along with a highly curated impression of a perfect life. Meanwhile, Facebook has been relegated to the uncool soccer moms and grandparents. For teens, this integration of celebrities and retouched versions of real-life peers presents a ripe environment for upward social comparison, or comparing yourself to someone who is “better” in some respect.

    Instagram is also risky for teens because its emphasis on pictures of the body leads users to focus on how their bodies look to others. Being an object for others to view doesn’t help the “selfie generation” feel empowered and sure of themselves — it can do exactly the opposite. These are not insignificant health concerns, because body dissatisfaction during the teen years is a powerful and consistent predictor of later eating disorder symptoms.

    Facebook has acknowledged internally what researchers have been documenting for years: Instagram can be harmful to teens. The big question will be how Facebook handles these damaging results. History and the courts have been less than forgiving of the head-in-the-sand approach of Big Tobacco.

(Christia Spears Brown. www.theconversation.com, 16.09.2021. Adaptado.)

Facebook and Big Tobacco have been put side by side in the first two paragraphs for the reason that

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

 

    Facebook officials had internal research in March 2020 showing that Instagram — the social media platform most used by adolescents — is harmful to teen girls’ body image and well-being but swept those findings under the rug to continue conducting business as usual, according to a Sept. 14, 2021, Wall Street Journal report.

    Facebook’s policy of pursuing profits regardless of documented harm has sparked comparisons to Big Tobacco, which knew in the 1950s that its products were carcinogenic but publicly denied it into the 21st century. Those of us who study social media use in teens didn’t need a suppressed internal research study to know that Instagram can harm teens.

    Understanding the impact of social media on teens is important. A Pew Research Center poll shows that 89% of teens report they are online “almost constantly” or “several times a day”. Teens are more likely to log on to Instagram than any other social media site. It is a prevalent part of adolescent life. Yet studies consistently show that the more often teens use Instagram, the worse their overall well-being, self-esteem, life satisfaction, mood and body image.

    But Instagram isn’t problematic simply because it is popular. There are two key features that seem to make it particularly risky. First, it allows users to follow both celebrities and peers, both of whom can present a manipulated, filtered picture of an unrealistic body along with a highly curated impression of a perfect life. Meanwhile, Facebook has been relegated to the uncool soccer moms and grandparents. For teens, this integration of celebrities and retouched versions of real-life peers presents a ripe environment for upward social comparison, or comparing yourself to someone who is “better” in some respect.

    Instagram is also risky for teens because its emphasis on pictures of the body leads users to focus on how their bodies look to others. Being an object for others to view doesn’t help the “selfie generation” feel empowered and sure of themselves — it can do exactly the opposite. These are not insignificant health concerns, because body dissatisfaction during the teen years is a powerful and consistent predictor of later eating disorder symptoms.

    Facebook has acknowledged internally what researchers have been documenting for years: Instagram can be harmful to teens. The big question will be how Facebook handles these damaging results. History and the courts have been less than forgiving of the head-in-the-sand approach of Big Tobacco.

(Christia Spears Brown. www.theconversation.com, 16.09.2021. Adaptado.)

A publicação do texto no site theconversation.com, na data de 16 de setembro de 2021, deve-se, em particular,

Examine o cartum de Farley Katz, publicado no Instagram da revista The New Yorker em 18.06.2018.

“This is the barn where we keep our feelings.

If a feeling comes to you, bring

it out here and lock it up.”

Implícito à fala do homem está um elogio

It doesn’t take a lot of exercise to fight depression

 

Recommended levels of exercise in the
United States, according to the US Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, include aerobic
activity at moderate levels (such as a brisk walk)
[5] for 2.5 hours a week, along with a workout of all
major muscle groups twice a week.
Alternatively, a person can choose a vigorous
aerobic exercise, such as running, for 1.25 hours
each week, along with the same amount of
[10] strength training. Moderate to vigorous exercise
is good for us, according to the CDC. It improves
sleep; lowers blood pressure; protects against
heart disease, diabetes and cancer; reduces
stress; boosts mood; and fights anxiety and
[15] depression. But in today’s busy world, many
people find it difficult to fit in a jog or a visit to the
gym. Add depression to the mix, and the
motivation for exercise drops even further,
experts say.
[20]     Meta-analysis, published in the journal
JAMAPsychiatry, looked at 15 studies involving
over 190,000 people to determine how much
exercise was needed to reduce depression. Adults
who did activities equivalent to 1.25 hours of
[25] brisk walking per week had an 18% lower risk of
depression compared with those who did not
exercise, the study said. Moving up to an
“activity volume equivalent to 2.5 hours of brisk
walking per week was associated with 25%
[30] lower risk of depression,” the study authors said.
The benefits were strongest when a person
transitioned from being a couch potato to adding
movement to the day. However, exercising over
the recommended levels did not provide any
[35] additional benefits. A study published in 2020
found that even light exercise helped protect
children against developing depression. The
2020 study revealed that 60 minutes of simple
movement each day at age 12 was linked to an
[40] average 10% reduction in depression at age 18.
The types of movement included running, biking
and walking, as well as activities like doing
chores, painting or playing an instrument.

http: www.cnn.com. Acesso em 19 abril 2022 (adaptado).

According to CDC moderate to vigorous exercise