Questões de Inglês

    Many factors combine together to affect the health of individuals and communities. Whether people are healthy or not, this is determined by their circumstances and environment. To a large extent, factors such as where we live, the state of our environment, genetics, our income and education level, and our relationships with friends and family all have considerable impact on health, whereas the more commonly considered factors, such as access and use of health care services often have less of an impact.

    The context of people’s lives determines their health, and so blaming individuals for having poor health or crediting them for good health is inappropriate. Individuals are unlikely to be able to directly control many of the determinants of health.

Disponível em: http://www.who.int/hia/evidence. Acesso em: abr. 2022. Adaptado

“Whether people are healthy or not, this is determined by their circumstances and environment.”

 

The conjunction “Whether” in this sentence from the text can be semantically and grammatically replaced by

    Many factors combine together to affect the health of individuals and communities. Whether people are healthy or not, this is determined by their circumstances and environment. To a large extent, factors such as where we live, the state of our environment, genetics, our income and education level, and our relationships with friends and family all have considerable impact on health, whereas the more commonly considered factors, such as access and use of health care services often have less of an impact.

    The context of people’s lives determines their health, and so blaming individuals for having poor health or crediting them for good health is inappropriate. Individuals are unlikely to be able to directly control many of the determinants of health.

Disponível em: http://www.who.int/hia/evidence. Acesso em: abr. 2022. Adaptado

The text says that:

    We’ve all got that friend who talks up their week-long “detox” of drinking only lemon juice and cayenne pepper, or going on an all-liquid diet. But while the purging of toxins may seem like it would be a healthy thing, especially after a long weekend of drinking, it’s not likely to have many legitimate health benefits. “Our kidneys and liver take care of removing the toxins that are in our bodies so unless you have problems with these organs, there is not going to be some type of big build up in our bodies,” explains Julie Lohre, a certified personal trainer and nutrition specialist. “Most regimens used for a typical detox dehydrate the body and can cause bowel issues like diarrhea so the weight loss you see within a few days is typically just from the loss of water… really the opposite of what you want to do for overall health.”

    Instead, she suggests those looking to jumpstart their progress on a new diet should simply increase the amount of water they are drinking and vegetables they are eating.

Disponível em: medexpress.com/about/newsroom/press-releases-mediacoverage. Acesso em: abr. 2022.

 

According to this text, it’s correct to say:

    The Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health was a pioneer in Brazil by being one of the first medical schools to create a mandatory subject dedicated to the knowledge of EvidenceBased Medicine (EBM). Traditional approaches to Medicine Based on Evidence (MBE) have a complex connotation, distancing the health professional from the scientific paradigm. We intend to democratize methodological learning, presenting it in a simple way and aligned with clinical decision-making. The essence of MBE is not the scientific production by the health professional, but the consumption of scientific evidence in clinical decision making. This must be the domain of every professional, researcher or nonresearcher. There is a scarcity of interventions aimed at the democratization of EBM, and we see this gap as an opportunity to contribute to a cultural evolution within the reasoning in health. Such interventions take place through internal courses (undergraduate and graduate), extension courses aimed at the external public and publications in simple and didactic language. We aim to demystify the complexity of the subject, making people understand and like the cultural environment.

The effectiveness of clinical decisions depends on synergy with patient preference. Many preferences are influenced by an unscientific culture. We believe that the scientific paradigm must be culturally present in a society, promoting a synergism between the scientific position of a professional and a decision shared with the patient. Thus, we cannot limit scientific education to professionals, as it must be universal. This implies the development of actions that open dialogue with society about what scientific thinking in health is all about.

Disponível em:  http://bahiana.edu.br. Acesso em: mai. 2022. Adaptado

Some of the objectives of the subject Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) include

 

I. Encourage the health professional to engage in as much scientific production as possible so as to improve his learning on the subject.

II. Enable the health professional to make use of every scientific evidence in the existing literature when making a clinical decision.

III. Provide people with the required understanding of scientific concepts in order to be able to make the best possible decision together with the health professional.

IV. Give top priority to detailed analysis of studies based on complex theories so as to endorse unproven treatments.

 

According to the text, the correct statements are only

Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.

 

Romance and Reality

 

    Military service is demanding and dangerous. As I write this, American soldiers serve in remote and hostile environments. For young leaders in today's Army, the war on terror constitutes a difficult and sometimes tragic reality.

    Meanwhile, in the small classrooms of West Point, young cadets consider war through the eyes of Rudyard Kipling, Carl Sandburg, and John McCrae. During his or her plebe year, every West Point cadet takes a semester of English literature, reading and discussing poetry from Ovid to Owen, Spenser to Springsteen. Cadets must also recite poems from memory, a challenge that many graduates recall years later as one of their toughest hurdles.

    Why, in an age of increasingly technical and complex warfare, would America's future combat leaders spend sixteen weeks studying the likes of irony, rhyme, and meter?

    Poetry confronts cadets with new ideas that challenge their worldview. The West Point curriculum includes poetry, history, philosophy, politics, and law, because these subjects provide a universe of new ideas, different perspectives, competing values and conflicting emotions. In combat, our graduates face similar challenges: whether to fire at a sniper hiding in a mosque, or how to negotiate agreements between competing tribal leaders. Schoolbook solutions to these problems do not exist; combat leaders must rely on their own morality, their own creativity, their own convictions. In teaching cadets poetry, we teach them not what to think, but how to think.

Adapted from https://www.poetryfoundation.org/search?query=romance+and+reality

Choose the words that correctly and respectively substitute meanwhile and hurdles (paragraph 2).

Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.

 

Romance and Reality

 

    Military service is demanding and dangerous. As I write this, American soldiers serve in remote and hostile environments. For young leaders in today's Army, the war on terror constitutes a difficult and sometimes tragic reality.

    Meanwhile, in the small classrooms of West Point, young cadets consider war through the eyes of Rudyard Kipling, Carl Sandburg, and John McCrae. During his or her plebe year, every West Point cadet takes a semester of English literature, reading and discussing poetry from Ovid to Owen, Spenser to Springsteen. Cadets must also recite poems from memory, a challenge that many graduates recall years later as one of their toughest hurdles.

    Why, in an age of increasingly technical and complex warfare, would America's future combat leaders spend sixteen weeks studying the likes of irony, rhyme, and meter?

    Poetry confronts cadets with new ideas that challenge their worldview. The West Point curriculum includes poetry, history, philosophy, politics, and law, because these subjects provide a universe of new ideas, different perspectives, competing values and conflicting emotions. In combat, our graduates face similar challenges: whether to fire at a sniper hiding in a mosque, or how to negotiate agreements between competing tribal leaders. Schoolbook solutions to these problems do not exist; combat leaders must rely on their own morality, their own creativity, their own convictions. In teaching cadets poetry, we teach them not what to think, but how to think.

Adapted from https://www.poetryfoundation.org/search?query=romance+and+reality

According to the sentence “Cadets must also recite poems from memory” (paragraph 2), it is correct to say that cadets