Questões de Inglês

Text is one of the modern versions (not the classical one) of the Hippocratic Oath, an oath of ethics historically taken by physicians and one of the most widely known of Greek medical texts. Read it carefully and answer the question.

 

    THE HIPPOCRATIC OATH

 

I swear to fulfill, to the best of my ability and judgment, this covenant: 
I will respect the hard-won scientific gains of those physicians in whose steps I walk, and gladly share such 
knowledge as is mine with those who are to follow. 
[5] I will apply, for the benefit of the sick, all measures [that] are required, avoiding those twin traps of 
overtreatment and therapeutic nihilism. 
I will remember that there is art to medicine as well as science, and that warmth, sympathy, and 
understanding may outweigh the surgeon's knife or the chemist's drug. 
I will not be ashamed to say "I know not," nor will I fail to call in my colleagues when the skills of another are 
[10] needed for a patient's recovery. 
I will respect the privacy of my patients, for their problems are not disclosed to me that the world may know. 
Most especially must I tread with care in matters of life and death. If it is given me to save a life, all thanks. 
But it may also be within my power to take a life; this awesome responsibility must be faced with great 
humbleness and awareness of my own frailty. Above all, I must not play at God. 
[15] I will remember that I do not treat a fever chart, a cancerous growth, but a sick human being, whose illness 
may affect the person's family and economic stability. My responsibility includes these related problems, if I 
am to care adequately for the sick. 
I will prevent disease whenever I can, for prevention is preferable to cure. 
I will remember that I remain a member of society, with special obligations to all my fellow human beings, 
[20] those sound of mind and body as well as the infirm. 
If I do not violate this oath, may I enjoy life and art, respected while I live and remembered with affection 
thereafter. May I always act so as to preserve the finest traditions of my calling and may I long experience 
the joy of healing those who seek my help. 

 

Written in 1964 by Louis Lasagna, Academic Dean of the School of Medicine at Tufts University, and used 
[25] in many medical schools today.

(Source: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/doctors/oath_modern.html - retrieved on September 24, 2021)

What meaning do the words "outweigh" (line 8) and "frailty" (line 14) respectively give to the sentences in which they are inserted?

Analyse the joke below and mark the alternative that explains one of the possible meanings of its punch line.

(Source:https://s3.scoopwhoop.com/anj/doctor/6549eebc-1649-47bf-a49b-fb24583d88a1.jpg - retrieved on September 22, 2021)

Based on the advertisement below, which alternative best explains the meaning of the word "Dispensary"?

(Source: https://myedmondsnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Bastyr-ad-300x250.jpg - retrieved on September 20, 2021)

Leia o texto para responder às questão.

Michigan State University’s Quick Check

1. Check the website name and domain: Fake sites often have a “.co” in the domain.
2. Spelling & Grammar: Are there multiple errors or does the site look professionally edited?
3. Author Attribution: Is an author listed? Are there links to their profile and credentials? Anonymous articles generally should be avoided.
4. Emotional Manipulation: Do you feel emotions by simply reading the headline?
5. Statement of Ethics: Most reputable news sites have a Statement of Ethics.
6. Corrections: Again, reputable sites have a Corrections section or policy.
7. Named Sources, Studies etc.: Does the article name a source or study for its information?
8. Identify Editorials vs News: Reputable news sources clearly identify editorials, which as we know are just someone’s opinion.
9. Check A Reporter’s Body of Work: Does the reporter have a large body of work? Do they generally cover the same topic(s), or do the topics seem to be random or inconsistent?
10. Verify Information Using Multiple Sources: This is a good habit for all research. Make sure you can find more than one reputable source reporting the same information. 

(www.libguides.valenciacollege.edu, 04.08.2022. Adaptado.)

The purpose of the text is to 

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

 

    If you are in a major city anywhere in the world, it is probably quite easy to grab a cheap hamburger from a nearby fast-food restaurant. But what you may not realize is that the meat in that cheap burger can actually illustrate a grand narrative about how humans have shaped the planet. From the land used to raise cattle for beef consumption, to the water used to feed those cattle, to the fuel used to transport the beef all over the world, the human progress that enables us to easily buy a burger — and, for that matter, hop on a plane, charge our phones, and take part in the multitude of activities that make up our everyday experiences — has changed the biosphere.

(Lori Dajose. www.caltech.edu, 03.08.2022.)

De acordo com o texto,

TEXTO

 

Epidemiological Data by Sex and Age, as a Minimum, Must be Routinely Collected, Analysed, and Reported to Inform Vaccination Strategies

 

To better understand who is at greater risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, morbidity, and
mortality, we need granular data. Global aggregate data indicate an equal distribution
of cases between women and men, but a higher case fatality rate in men. Partial data
on hospitalisation and intensive care unit (ICU) admission from a handful of countries
[5] indicate greater severity of disease in men, explained by a combination of higher
biological susceptibility and gender-related behavioural risk factors. The higher
prevalence of comorbidities in men may be a result of both sex-related and gender-

related risk factors, influenced by higher rates of tobacco and alcohol consumption.
Poorer compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions and delay in seeking
[10] healthcare may further increase men’s COVID-19 risk. Other factors related to
differences in testing, hospital access and ICU admission policies cannot be excluded.
The incidence and case fatality rates depend on the extent of testing among different
population groups, which may vary across countries and over time. Unfortunately, data
on testing, hospitalisation, ICU admission and the post-COVID-19 condition are rarely
[15] available by sex and other indicators, leaving us in the dark with respect to which
groups are at greater risk and why. Notably, transmission patterns and SARS-CoV-2
incidence and mortality vary between women and men across age groups in different
countries as well as within countries. The age-specific female to male ratios and
patterns of morbidity and mortality can further change over time, shaped by evolving
[20] exposure and transmission patterns in the society or extent of testing or
diagnosis. While data continue to point to higher mortality among men, emerging data
reveal that mid-adult women are more likely to suffer from post-COVID-19 condition.
Gender differences can further vary within populations, with greater impact on those
affected by structural disadvantages, such as racial or ethnic minorities, people of
[25] diverse sexual orientation and gender identity, and other underserved groups. Reports
point to higher mortality rates among racial and ethnic minorities, explained by
structural vulnerabilities. These groups may have greater exposure due to working in
the service sectors, living in congregant housing or facilities, or having limited access
to accurate information, prevention measures or health services. Unfortunately, data
[30] on minority groups are rarely available and gender differences within groups are rarely
examined, while these indeed exist. A report from England and Wales points to a
differential male to female mortality ratio for different ethnic minority groups, ranging
from 1.3 to 3.5. Hence, routine collection of disaggregated data and regular
intersectional gender analysis will be invaluable in informing targeted interventions, in
[35] light of limited capacity and resources.

(HEIDARI, Shirin et al. Time for action: towards an intersectional gender approach to COVID-19 vaccine development and deployment that leaves no one behind. BMJ Global Health. Data de publicação: 13 ago. 2021. Disponível em: https://gh.bmj.com/content/6/8/e006854. Acesso em: 15 ago. 2021).

Consider the following paragraph. There are five spaces in it. Choose the correct answer, filling up with the appropriate word, respectively.

 

The residents of the small town of Springfield are ______ only upset about some recent changes, but they are also very angry because ______ consulted. Some families have lived and ______ crops in the valley for many years, ______ now their way of life ______ threatened by developers who plan to build plenty of new factories in the area.