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    A study conducted by researchers in the US found that losing just one hour of rest could kill people's desire to help others, even relatives and close friends. The team noted that a bad night appeared to dampen activity in the part of the brain that encouraged social behaviour. "We discovered that sleep loss acts as a trigger of asocial behaviour, reducing the innate desire of humans to help one another," said Prof Matthew Walker, co-author of the study at the University of California. "In a way, the less sleep you get, the less social and more selfish you become."
    The researchers suggest that a chronic sleep deficit could harm social bonds and compromise the altruistic instincts that shape society. "Considering the essentiality of humans helping in maintaining cooperative, civilised societies, together with the robust erosion of sleep time over the last 50 years, the ramifications of these discoveries are highly relevant to how we shape the societies we wish to live in," said Walker.
    The team examined the willingness of 160 participants to help others with a "self-reported altruism questionnaire", which they completed after a night's sleep. Participants responded to different social scenarios on a scale from "I would stop to help" to "I would ignore them". In one experiment involving 24 participants, the researchers compared answers from the same person after a restful night and after 24 hours without sleep. The results revealed a 78% decline in self-reported eagerness to help others when tired.

(Sascha Pare. www.theguardian.com 23.08.2022. Adaptado.)

In the excerpt from the first paragraph "sleep loss acts as a trigger of asocial behaviour", the underlined expression means

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    A study conducted by researchers in the US found that losing just one hour of rest could kill people's desire to help others, even relatives and close friends. The team noted that a bad night appeared to dampen activity in the part of the brain that encouraged social behaviour. "We discovered that sleep loss acts as a trigger of asocial behaviour, reducing the innate desire of humans to help one another," said Prof Matthew Walker, co-author of the study at the University of California. "In a way, the less sleep you get, the less social and more selfish you become."
    The researchers suggest that a chronic sleep deficit could harm social bonds and compromise the altruistic instincts that shape society. "Considering the essentiality of humans helping in maintaining cooperative, civilised societies, together with the robust erosion of sleep time over the last 50 years, the ramifications of these discoveries are highly relevant to how we shape the societies we wish to live in," said Walker.
    The team examined the willingness of 160 participants to help others with a "self-reported altruism questionnaire", which they completed after a night's sleep. Participants responded to different social scenarios on a scale from "I would stop to help" to "I would ignore them". In one experiment involving 24 participants, the researchers compared answers from the same person after a restful night and after 24 hours without sleep. The results revealed a 78% decline in self-reported eagerness to help others when tired.

(Sascha Pare. www.theguardian.com 23.08.2022. Adaptado.)

The text intends to

Observe the cartoon by Roz Chast, ffom The New Yorker magazine.

(www.newyorker.com)

 

In the cartoon, the statement that expresses regret is:

Leia a tirinha baseada no livro Animal Farm, de George Orwell, no qual o velho porco Major discursa para os demais animais da fazenda.

(https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk)

 

O discurso de Major propõe

Leia a tirinha baseada no livro Animal Farm, de George Orwell, no qual o velho porco Major discursa para os demais animais da fazenda.

(https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk)

 

In the comic strip, Major's objective is to

Leia um trecho do livro Animal Farm, de George Orwell, no qual o velho porco Major discursa para os demais animais da fazenda.

 

    “Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows the meaning of happiness or leisure after he is a year old. No animal in England is free. The life of an animal is misery and slavery: that is the plain truth.

    But is this simply part of the order of nature? Is it because this land of ours is so poor that it cannot afford a decent life to those who dwell upon it? No, comrades, a thousand times no! The soil of England is fertile, its climate is good, itis capable of affording food in abundance to an enormously greater number of animals than now inhabit it.”

(www.marxists.org)

 

O trecho tem predominância do tipo textual