Questões de Inglês

Internet: cartoonstock.com.

 

In the cartoon above,

    On May 13^th, 1822, a group of 186 women sent Maria Leopoldina the Letter from the Bahian Women to Her Royal Highness Dona Leopoldina, congratulating her on her role in the patriotic rulings of her husband, Prince Regent Dom Pedro. The document acknowledged the contribution made by the then princess and empress-to-be to ensuring her husband’s permanence in Brazil, which they believed was a key factor in gaining independence from Portugal. “Far more than just a letter, it is a political manifesto,” notes historian Maria de Lourdes Viana Lyra. “At that time, in Brazil, women were given a subordinate role restricted to private household and family affairs. Outside the domestic sphere, women were made invisible, but that did not stop them from mobilizing politically to fight for independence in a variety of ways,” she states.

    In addition to isolated actions led by famous figures, there were other many significant actions that are still largely unknown to the general public, more specifically, those related to instances of collective mobilization of women active in the public arena during the fight for Brazilian independence. Historian Andréa Slemian expands on the matter. “Throughout this process, many women expressed themselves through letters, manifestos, and other texts. Thus, the nascent press in Brazil played an important role, not only by publishing these women’s ideas regarding independence on editorial pages, for example, but also by serving as a mouthpiece for views supporting women’s rights,” notes Slemian.

Ana Paula Orlandi. Unafraid to fight. Internet:www.revistapesquisa.fapesp.br (adapted).

Based on the picture above, which shows paintings depicting Empress Maria Leopoldina and Maria Quitéria de Jesus, and the information given in the previous text, it is correct to state that both these women

we gave birth to a new generation,
AmeRícan, broader than lost gold
never touched, hidden inside the
puerto rican mountains.

we gave birth to a new generation
AmeRícan, it includes everything
imaginable you-name-it-we-got-it
society.

we gave birth to a new generation,
AmeRícan salutes all folklores,
european, indian, black, spanish
and anything else compatible.

AmeRícan,
yes, for now, for i love this, my second land,
and i dream to take the accent from
the altercation, and be proud to call
myself american, in the u.s. sense of the
word, AmeRícan, America!

LAVIERA, T. Benedición: The Complete Poetry of Tato Laviera. Houston: Arte Público Press, 2014 (fragmento).

 

Nos versos desse poema, o eu lírico adota um tom de

    Our physical alienation from India almost inevitably means that we will not be capable of reclaiming precisely the thing that was lost; that we will, in short, create fictions, not actual cities or villages, but invisible ones, imaginary homelands, Indias of the mind. […] It may be argued that the past is a country from which we have all emigrated […], but I suggest that the writer who is out-of-country and even out-of-language may experience this loss in an intensified form.

RUSHDIE, S. Imaginary Homelands. Londres: Vintage Books, 2010 (adaptado).

 

Nesse fragmento de texto, ao abordar a literatura anglo-indiana, o autor Salman Rushdie ressalta a relação entre criação literária e

“We won’t ruin Mars. It’s too big and too good.” said the captain.

    “You think not? We Earth Men have a talent for ruining big, beautiful things. The only reason we didn’t set up hot-dog stands in the midst of the Egyptian temple of Karnak is because it was out of the way and served no large commercial purpose. And Egypt is a small part of Earth. But here, this whole thing is ancient and different, and we have to set down somewhere and start fouling it up. We’ll call the canal the Rockefeller Canal and the mountain King George Mountain and the sea the Dupont Sea, and there’ll be Roosevelt and Lincoln and Coolidge cities, and it won’t ever be right, when there are the proper names for these places.”

BRADBURY, R. And the Moon Be Still as Bright. In: The Martian Chronicles. Londres: Harper Collins, 2014.

 

Nesse fragmento de um conto do autor Ray Bradbury, o personagem revela ao capitão

Read the poem “Dreams” by Langston Hughes.

 

Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.

 

Hold fast to dreams
For when dreams go
Life is a barren1
 field
Frozen with snow.

(https://poets.org)

 

¹ barren: unable to produce plants or fruit.

 

The word “For”, used twice in the poem,