Questões de Inglês

Read the excerpt and mark the question.

 

Seafarers are being fired I. ________ II. ________  military vessels, one seafarer has been killed, and others remain trapped III. ________  the Sea of Azov and IV. ________  the Black Sea coast. Others have lost their jobs or cannot access their salaries. Seafarers are suffering because of war. They are V. ________  a precarious position yet again.

(Adapted from: https://www.globalmaritimeforum.org.news>war-in-uk.)

Mark the option with the correct sequence to complete the previous excerpt.

Text

Read the text below and mark the question.

 

The invasion of Ukraine is causing crisis at sea

Russian ships have nowhere to dock, and supply chains will suffer.

 

    The United Kingdom has banned Russian ships from calling on its ports, and the European Union (EU) is about to do the same. The world's three largest shipping lines will no longer call on Russian ports. Ukraine's ports are closed. Russian's invasion of Ukraine is wreaking havoc on global shipping, which transports 80 per cent of the world's trade. Ships are now sailing the oceans unable to deliver and pick up cargo while some 140 other merchant vessels are stuck in Ukrainian ports, at risk of coming under fire and with food and other provisions running low. The rest of the world should care about their desperate situation if nothing else because the cargo they carry is crucial to our daily lives.

    On March 1, the crude oil tanker NS Champion suddenly encountered an urgent problem. It was steering toward Scotland's Orkeney oil terminal. Like many other cargo vessels, the NS Champion sails under a Liberian flag, but it is owned by Sovcomflot, Russia's largest shipping company, and on Feb. 24 the U.S. government had placed the company under sanctions. Even so, the tanker had the right to make its next port of call, because sanctions don't affect ships that are already en route. But before it arrived, the British government announced it was immediately closing U.K. ports to Russian vessels. The Champion had to sail on, oil undelivered, to its next port of call, Denmark's Port of Skagen.

    Very soon, it won't be able to deliver its oil there either. The EU is expected to imminently follow the U.K.'s lead and close its ports to vessels owned or operated by Russian companies or sailing under the Russian flag. Canada already has. Switzerland-based Mediterranean Shipping Company, the world's largest shipping company has announced that it's suspending all container traffic to and from Russia. So have the other two members of global shipping's top three, Denmark-based Maersk and France's CMA CGM. Singapore-based Ocean Network Express and Germany's Hapag-Lloyd had already made similar announcements. The companies will only make humanitarian deliveries, usually understood as food and medication.

    That means Russia will be cut off from much of the world, able to send and receive goods only via primarily Asian shipping companies such as China's COSCO. Ukraine, meanwhile, has already been cut off. The week before the invasion, maritime insurers red-listed the Russian and Ukrainian parts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, making it difficult and expensive for ships to sail through the waters. When Russia invaded last month, Ukraine closed its ports. The country is already running low on oxygen and other medical supplies.

(Adapted from: foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/07/ ukraineshipping-supply-w...)

The invasion of Ukraine is wreaking havoc on global shipping.

 

That means it _____________ international freight.

Text

Read the text below and mark the question.

 

The invasion of Ukraine is causing crisis at sea

Russian ships have nowhere to dock, and supply chains will suffer.

 

    The United Kingdom has banned Russian ships from calling on its ports, and the European Union (EU) is about to do the same. The world's three largest shipping lines will no longer call on Russian ports. Ukraine's ports are closed. Russian's invasion of Ukraine is wreaking havoc on global shipping, which transports 80 per cent of the world's trade. Ships are now sailing the oceans unable to deliver and pick up cargo while some 140 other merchant vessels are stuck in Ukrainian ports, at risk of coming under fire and with food and other provisions running low. The rest of the world should care about their desperate situation if nothing else because the cargo they carry is crucial to our daily lives.

    On March 1, the crude oil tanker NS Champion suddenly encountered an urgent problem. It was steering toward Scotland's Orkeney oil terminal. Like many other cargo vessels, the NS Champion sails under a Liberian flag, but it is owned by Sovcomflot, Russia's largest shipping company, and on Feb. 24 the U.S. government had placed the company under sanctions. Even so, the tanker had the right to make its next port of call, because sanctions don't affect ships that are already en route. But before it arrived, the British government announced it was immediately closing U.K. ports to Russian vessels. The Champion had to sail on, oil undelivered, to its next port of call, Denmark's Port of Skagen.

    Very soon, it won't be able to deliver its oil there either. The EU is expected to imminently follow the U.K.'s lead and close its ports to vessels owned or operated by Russian companies or sailing under the Russian flag. Canada already has. Switzerland-based Mediterranean Shipping Company, the world's largest shipping company has announced that it's suspending all container traffic to and from Russia. So have the other two members of global shipping's top three, Denmark-based Maersk and France's CMA CGM. Singapore-based Ocean Network Express and Germany's Hapag-Lloyd had already made similar announcements. The companies will only make humanitarian deliveries, usually understood as food and medication.

    That means Russia will be cut off from much of the world, able to send and receive goods only via primarily Asian shipping companies such as China's COSCO. Ukraine, meanwhile, has already been cut off. The week before the invasion, maritime insurers red-listed the Russian and Ukrainian parts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, making it difficult and expensive for ships to sail through the waters. When Russia invaded last month, Ukraine closed its ports. The country is already running low on oxygen and other medical supplies.

(Adapted from: foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/07/ ukraineshipping-supply-w...)

It is possible to infer from the text that

Text

Read the text below and mark the question.

 

The invasion of Ukraine is causing crisis at sea

Russian ships have nowhere to dock, and supply chains will suffer.

 

    The United Kingdom has banned Russian ships from calling on its ports, and the European Union (EU) is about to do the same. The world's three largest shipping lines will no longer call on Russian ports. Ukraine's ports are closed. Russian's invasion of Ukraine is wreaking havoc on global shipping, which transports 80 per cent of the world's trade. Ships are now sailing the oceans unable to deliver and pick up cargo while some 140 other merchant vessels are stuck in Ukrainian ports, at risk of coming under fire and with food and other provisions running low. The rest of the world should care about their desperate situation if nothing else because the cargo they carry is crucial to our daily lives.

    On March 1, the crude oil tanker NS Champion suddenly encountered an urgent problem. It was steering toward Scotland's Orkeney oil terminal. Like many other cargo vessels, the NS Champion sails under a Liberian flag, but it is owned by Sovcomflot, Russia's largest shipping company, and on Feb. 24 the U.S. government had placed the company under sanctions. Even so, the tanker had the right to make its next port of call, because sanctions don't affect ships that are already en route. But before it arrived, the British government announced it was immediately closing U.K. ports to Russian vessels. The Champion had to sail on, oil undelivered, to its next port of call, Denmark's Port of Skagen.

    Very soon, it won't be able to deliver its oil there either. The EU is expected to imminently follow the U.K.'s lead and close its ports to vessels owned or operated by Russian companies or sailing under the Russian flag. Canada already has. Switzerland-based Mediterranean Shipping Company, the world's largest shipping company has announced that it's suspending all container traffic to and from Russia. So have the other two members of global shipping's top three, Denmark-based Maersk and France's CMA CGM. Singapore-based Ocean Network Express and Germany's Hapag-Lloyd had already made similar announcements. The companies will only make humanitarian deliveries, usually understood as food and medication.

    That means Russia will be cut off from much of the world, able to send and receive goods only via primarily Asian shipping companies such as China's COSCO. Ukraine, meanwhile, has already been cut off. The week before the invasion, maritime insurers red-listed the Russian and Ukrainian parts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, making it difficult and expensive for ships to sail through the waters. When Russia invaded last month, Ukraine closed its ports. The country is already running low on oxygen and other medical supplies.

(Adapted from: foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/07/ ukraineshipping-supply-w...)

According to the text,

Considere os fragmentos I a V, a seguir, e assinale a alternativa que contém a tradução mais adequada dos termos em destaque para o contexto em que se inserem, respectivamente.

 

I- “Whitewashing may also involve a white person PRETENDING to be a person of color”.
II- “We also need to SUPPORT more independent media makers”.
III- “the female LEAD – a Mexican woman named Irina – is renamed Irene”.
IV- “On a personal level, whitewashing can have a HUGE psychological impact”.
V- “whitewashing on film and TV is the elimination or REPLACEMENT of people of color with white characters”.

Considere o seguinte texto para a questão.

What is whitewashing, and why is it harmful?

By Claire Gillespie
Published on June 1, 2021

 

    TV and film producer Kevin Feige, a primary creator of the Marvel Cinematic Universe since 2007, has admitted it was wrong to cast Tilda Swinton in the 2016 movie, Doctor Strange. It’s a big deal because this particular casting decision is considered one of Hollywood’s most identifiable examples of whitewashing – the original comic book character, “The ancient one,” is an Asian male.

    In its narrowest definition, whitewashing on film and TV is the elimination or replacement of people of color with white characters, according to LeiLani Nishime, professor of communication at the University of Washington […].

    Doctor Strange is only one example of many. In the movie adaptation of James Sallis’s novel Drive, the female lead – a Mexican woman named Irina – is renamed Irene and portrayed by Carey Mulligan, a white, non-Hispanic actress. In the movie Lords of Dogtown, which is based on the documentary Dogtown and Z-Boys, the leader of the pioneering skateboard crew was Jeff Ho, an Asian American. But the film version focused on a cofounder of the surf shop Jeff Ho Surfboards and Zephyr Productions and the character is played by Heath Ledger, a white man.

    Another type of whitewashing is when people of color are displaced in a story to put the focus on white characters, said Nishime. The 2015 movie Stonewall is based on the 1969 Stonewall riots. The narrative is centered around a cis, white gay man, but in fact, the leaders of the Stonewall Rebellion included black and Latinx trans women, such as Sylvia Rivera and Miss Major.

    Whitewashing may also involve a white person pretending to be a person of color – like Johnny Depp masquerading as a Native American in The Lone Ranger – creating entire worlds where people of color simply don’t exist (The Lord of The Rings is another prime example).

    In 2019, Merriam-Webster dictionary expanded its definition of whitewashing, writing, “This new sense of whitewashing refers to casting white actors as characters who are non-white or of indeterminate race […]. It can also refer to preferring white actors, directors, cinematographers, and so on, over equally qualified people of color, as in the Oscar nominations.” In a practical sense, whitewashing takes work away from actors of color, said Nishime. […]

    On a personal level, whitewashing can have a huge psychological impact. “Unfortunately, it lingers on due to stereotypes, media, and familial influence,” said California-based psychiatrist Leela R. Magavi. “It can lead to debilitating anxiety as minority individuals may feel pressured to look, speak, or present a certain way.”

    People of color who are protesting against whitewashing in entertainment media, news media, politics, and history need to be heard, Nishime said. “We also need to support more independent media makers,” Nishime added. “They are the ones who are making stories that center Asian Americans and other people of color.” Individual people can also make a difference by being empathetic. This creates a space for open communication, which helps people struggling with whitewashing and other forms of racism feel safe and supported.

Source: Adapted from https://www.health.com/mind-body/health-diversity-inclusion/whitewashing

According to the text, we can infer that