Questões de Inglês

O Texto é um excerto de uma entrevista concedida pela pesquisadora Kate Crawford a propósito de um livro, de sua autoria, sobre a Inteligência Artificial.

Texto

Kate Crawford studies the social and political implications of artificial intelligence. She is a research professor of communication and science and technology studies at the University of Southern California and a senior principal researcher at Microsoft Research.

The Observer: You’ve written a book critical of AI but you work for a company that is among the leaders in its deployment. How do you square that circle?

Kate Crawford: I work in the research wing of Microsoft, which is a distinct organisation. Unusually, over its 30-year history, it has hired social scientists to look critically at how technologies are being built. My book did not go through any pre-publication review – Microsoft Research does not require that – and my lab leaders support asking hard questions, even if the answers involve a critical assessment of current technological practices.

The Observer: What’s the aim of the book?

Kate Crawford: We are commonly presented with this vision of AI that is abstract and immaterial. I wanted to show how AI is made in a wider sense – its natural resource costs, its labour processes, and its classificatory logics. My hope is that, by showing how AI systems work, we will have a more accurate account of the impacts, and it will invite more people into the conversation. These systems are being rolled out across a multitude of sectors without strong regulation, consent or democratic debate.

(Adaptado de CORBYN Z.. Microsoft’s Kate Crawford: ‘AI is neither artificial nor intelligent’. The Observer, 06/06/2021. Disponível em: https://www.theguardian. com/technology/2021/jun/06/microsofts-kate-crawford-ai-is-neither-artificial-norintelligent. Acesso em: 01/08/2023.)

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VISIT STONEHENGE
An unmissable family day out from £57

    Uncover the incredible story of one of the world’s most famous places. This must-see monument is a powerful testament to human ingenuity, imagination and creativity, and a visit today offers something for everyone to enjoy.
    Experience the unforgettable atmosphere of the Stone Circle and follow in the footsteps of the prehistoric people who lived here 4,000 years ago as you walk among the Neolithic houses. Dig deeper in the world-class exhibition, and take time to explore the monuments and mysteries of the wider Stonehenge landscape.
    With plenty for the whole family to discover, book your ticket now for the best price and get ready for an unmissable day out at this iconic site.
    Don’t miss:
    * Come face to face with a 5,000-year-old man in the exhibition;
    * Step into a Neolithic village and find out if you have what it takes to move a mighty Sarsen stone;
    * Get up close to the iconic Stone Circle and take the perfect picture.
    Today this landscape is split in two by a major road – the A303 – which acts as a barrier to people enjoying, exploring and understanding the World Heritage Site.

Source: Adapted from https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/ visit/places/stonehenge/

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VISIT STONEHENGE
An unmissable family day out from £57

    Uncover the incredible story of one of the world’s most famous places. This must-see monument is a powerful testament to human ingenuity, imagination and creativity, and a visit today offers something for everyone to enjoy.
    Experience the unforgettable atmosphere of the Stone Circle and follow in the footsteps of the prehistoric people who lived here 4,000 years ago as you walk among the Neolithic houses. Dig deeper in the world-class exhibition, and take time to explore the monuments and mysteries of the wider Stonehenge landscape.
    With plenty for the whole family to discover, book your ticket now for the best price and get ready for an unmissable day out at this iconic site.
    Don’t miss:
    * Come face to face with a 5,000-year-old man in the exhibition;
    * Step into a Neolithic village and find out if you have what it takes to move a mighty Sarsen stone;
    * Get up close to the iconic Stone Circle and take the perfect picture.
    Today this landscape is split in two by a major road – the A303 – which acts as a barrier to people enjoying, exploring and understanding the World Heritage Site.

Source: Adapted from https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/ visit/places/stonehenge/

Leia o texto e, em seguida, respondas à questão.

VISIT STONEHENGE
An unmissable family day out from £57

    Uncover the incredible story of one of the world’s most famous places. This must-see monument is a powerful testament to human ingenuity, imagination and creativity, and a visit today offers something for everyone to enjoy.
    Experience the unforgettable atmosphere of the Stone Circle and follow in the footsteps of the prehistoric people who lived here 4,000 years ago as you walk among the Neolithic houses. Dig deeper in the world-class exhibition, and take time to explore the monuments and mysteries of the wider Stonehenge landscape.
    With plenty for the whole family to discover, book your ticket now for the best price and get ready for an unmissable day out at this iconic site.
    Don’t miss:
    * Come face to face with a 5,000-year-old man in the exhibition;
    * Step into a Neolithic village and find out if you have what it takes to move a mighty Sarsen stone;
    * Get up close to the iconic Stone Circle and take the perfect picture.
    Today this landscape is split in two by a major road – the A303 – which acts as a barrier to people enjoying, exploring and understanding the World Heritage Site.

Source: Adapted from https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/ visit/places/stonehenge/

Leia o texto e responda à questão.

THE NEW PHONE CALL ETIQUETTE:

TEXT FIRST AND NEVER LEAVE A VOICEMAIL

    Phone calls have been around for 147 years, the iPhone 16 years and FaceTime video voice mails about a week. Not surprisingly, how we make calls has changed drastically alongside advances in technology. The phone norms also change quickly, causing some people to feel left behind or confused.
    We spoke to an etiquette expert and people of all ages about their own phone pet peeves to come up with the following guidance to help everyone navigate phone calls in 2023. These will vary depending on your relationship, your age and the context of the call. The closer you are to someone, the less the rules apply. Go ahead, FaceTime your mom with no warning while brushing your teeth.

Don’t leave a voice mail
    Voice mails are an artifact of the days before text messages. If you have information that needs to be communicated in an accurate, timely manner, you’re far better off putting it into writing as a text or email.
    The exceptions for the no-voice-mail rule are calling people who would love to hear your voice no matter what you’re saying, or sharing some kind of audio experience. Think besties and immediate family members, singing happy birthday, a dispatch from friends at a Taylor Swift concert or a simple “I love you.” If you have a long juicy story you want to tell, consider sending it in a voice memo instead.

Text before calling
    Calling someone without warning can feel stressful to the recipient. Instead, text them ahead of time to ask if they’re free to talk now, if they can you call when they’re free, or if they can pick a time they’d like to chat. If it’s someone you call regularly, find out what their ideal times are, like after work or only on Sunday afternoons.
    Wording and context are key for these precall texts. A simple “call me” text can feel urgent and make someone think there’s an emergency. Clarify if it’s urgent or just to catch-up. If it’s about a specific topic, mention it in the text what it is you’d like to talk about so they can be prepared. Catching someone on video at an unexpected time can be embarrassing for all involved. You should almost never start a FaceTime or other video call without warning.

You don’t need to answer the phone
    The responsibility isn’t only on the person dialing. Just because someone is calling you out of the blue does not mean you have to pick up.
    “We all have control of our phones and can decide if it’s the right time to answer it,” said Lizzie Post, etiquette expert and co-president at the Emily Post Institute. “If someone interrupts you and you’re ticked off about it, guess whose fault that is? You’re the one who answered the call when you shouldn’t.”

Emotions are for voice, facts are for text
    Many things don’t need to be a phone call at all. When you’re trying to decide on the best method of communication, consider what it is you want to say. Anything requiring nuance like opinions or emotional matters are best done over the phone, including arguments, catching up or connecting on a personal level. Factual updates, coordinating plans or anything that is more cut and dried often work best in writing. If something is complicated and will drag on too long as a text chain, go ahead and ask if they can talk. “Nobody has a good fight via text message,” says Post.

Stay still for video calls
    Prop your phone up someplace so that your full face fills the screen, not just your forehead and nose, and stay put until the call is over. If you want to wander around and do chores while talking, switch to a voice call.

Don’t stop talking on the phone
    Phone calls aren’t dead! While hopping on the phone may be less common or involve more planning than it used to, it’s still a wonderful way to communicate. Talking to a person in real time can strengthen relationships, improve mental health and lessen loneliness.

Source: Adapted from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/09/25/cell-phone-etiquette-call-voicemail/

Leia o texto e responda à questão.

THE NEW PHONE CALL ETIQUETTE:

TEXT FIRST AND NEVER LEAVE A VOICEMAIL

    Phone calls have been around for 147 years, the iPhone 16 years and FaceTime video voice mails about a week. Not surprisingly, how we make calls has changed drastically alongside advances in technology. The phone norms also change quickly, causing some people to feel left behind or confused.
    We spoke to an etiquette expert and people of all ages about their own phone pet peeves to come up with the following guidance to help everyone navigate phone calls in 2023. These will vary depending on your relationship, your age and the context of the call. The closer you are to someone, the less the rules apply. Go ahead, FaceTime your mom with no warning while brushing your teeth.

Don’t leave a voice mail
    Voice mails are an artifact of the days before text messages. If you have information that needs to be communicated in an accurate, timely manner, you’re far better off putting it into writing as a text or email.
    The exceptions for the no-voice-mail rule are calling people who would love to hear your voice no matter what you’re saying, or sharing some kind of audio experience. Think besties and immediate family members, singing happy birthday, a dispatch from friends at a Taylor Swift concert or a simple “I love you.” If you have a long juicy story you want to tell, consider sending it in a voice memo instead.

Text before calling
    Calling someone without warning can feel stressful to the recipient. Instead, text them ahead of time to ask if they’re free to talk now, if they can you call when they’re free, or if they can pick a time they’d like to chat. If it’s someone you call regularly, find out what their ideal times are, like after work or only on Sunday afternoons.
    Wording and context are key for these precall texts. A simple “call me” text can feel urgent and make someone think there’s an emergency. Clarify if it’s urgent or just to catch-up. If it’s about a specific topic, mention it in the text what it is you’d like to talk about so they can be prepared. Catching someone on video at an unexpected time can be embarrassing for all involved. You should almost never start a FaceTime or other video call without warning.

You don’t need to answer the phone
    The responsibility isn’t only on the person dialing. Just because someone is calling you out of the blue does not mean you have to pick up.
    “We all have control of our phones and can decide if it’s the right time to answer it,” said Lizzie Post, etiquette expert and co-president at the Emily Post Institute. “If someone interrupts you and you’re ticked off about it, guess whose fault that is? You’re the one who answered the call when you shouldn’t.”

Emotions are for voice, facts are for text
    Many things don’t need to be a phone call at all. When you’re trying to decide on the best method of communication, consider what it is you want to say. Anything requiring nuance like opinions or emotional matters are best done over the phone, including arguments, catching up or connecting on a personal level. Factual updates, coordinating plans or anything that is more cut and dried often work best in writing. If something is complicated and will drag on too long as a text chain, go ahead and ask if they can talk. “Nobody has a good fight via text message,” says Post.

Stay still for video calls
    Prop your phone up someplace so that your full face fills the screen, not just your forehead and nose, and stay put until the call is over. If you want to wander around and do chores while talking, switch to a voice call.

Don’t stop talking on the phone
    Phone calls aren’t dead! While hopping on the phone may be less common or involve more planning than it used to, it’s still a wonderful way to communicate. Talking to a person in real time can strengthen relationships, improve mental health and lessen loneliness.

Source: Adapted from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/09/25/cell-phone-etiquette-call-voicemail/