Questões de Inglês

Read the article and answer the questions.

Real-Life stories – why I chose medicine

 

We asked several medical students why they chose to study medicine and to give some advice to those considering it as a career choice.

 

Read their stories below

 

"A career in medicine has always been at the forefront of my mind, I may not have got there in the orthodox way by leaving school and heading straight to medical school, but finally I am there!

After school I went to university to study biology at both BSc and MSc level. I was not the kind of student at my school that was deemed academically good enough to study medicine. I enjoyed the degree but knew a career in biological research was not for me, and on completion of my thesis I started a job with a pharmaceutical company as a sales representative. I enjoyed my job, it was straightforward, social and well-paid, it was a role I was able to fill well, but it was not in any way what I saw myself doing for the rest of my working life. After much debate and advice, I had nothing to lose in making a massive effort to get into medical school. The only job I knew that I wanted to do was medicine. I secured a place on an Access to Medicine course, which got me back up to speed and into the swing of studying again, and from there I secured a place at medical school. Getting the acceptance letter was a very emotional and life-changing day. One I will never forget.

Studying medicine is a privilege, to me medicine is the ultimate career. What other career can you chose which provides constant mental stimulation, a continuous opportunity to learn and progress, flexible working and a decent salary. But most importantly, a career in medicine empowers you to help people, to be respected by others and to feel job satisfaction in a way that is impossible to feel in many other careers. The opportunities are endless, and the choice vast, however along with this comes huge responsibility to individual patients, the population as a whole and the team in which you are working. In addition, the NHS may receive a great deal of press about its status, but at a time where many people are being made redundant, doctors are still in the same demand. I had to put a great deal of thought into the viability of studying medicine at the age of 27, although jobs are not guaranteed they are still readily available." (Kate, Brighton)

"Why medicine? I'm a geek; I love science, and I love challenges. I also really enjoy working with and understanding people. I chose medicine because it offered me the opportunity to integrate these interests and apply them in a very practical profession. From examining patients to phlebotomy to suturing, it's not just about memorizing information, medicine is very much about applied skills. I'm now in my fourth year and I find it hugely rewarding to put together all the pieces of the puzzle- the history elicited with good communication skills, the knowledge of human biology and the findings from examination and investigations to suggest a diagnosis and be told it was the right one! Medicine is my second degree and the decision to stay a student for another 5 years when my friends were all in gainful employment wasn't an easy one. But it was the right one for me." (Catherine, Aberdeen)

Available at: https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/doctors/why-study-medicine/why-i-chose-medicine Accessed: September 7, 2023.

According to Kate

Read the article and answer the questions.

Real-Life stories – why I chose medicine

 

We asked several medical students why they chose to study medicine and to give some advice to those considering it as a career choice.

 

Read their stories below

 

"A career in medicine has always been at the forefront of my mind, I may not have got there in the orthodox way by leaving school and heading straight to medical school, but finally I am there!

After school I went to university to study biology at both BSc and MSc level. I was not the kind of student at my school that was deemed academically good enough to study medicine. I enjoyed the degree but knew a career in biological research was not for me, and on completion of my thesis I started a job with a pharmaceutical company as a sales representative. I enjoyed my job, it was straightforward, social and well-paid, it was a role I was able to fill well, but it was not in any way what I saw myself doing for the rest of my working life. After much debate and advice, I had nothing to lose in making a massive effort to get into medical school. The only job I knew that I wanted to do was medicine. I secured a place on an Access to Medicine course, which got me back up to speed and into the swing of studying again, and from there I secured a place at medical school. Getting the acceptance letter was a very emotional and life-changing day. One I will never forget.

Studying medicine is a privilege, to me medicine is the ultimate career. What other career can you chose which provides constant mental stimulation, a continuous opportunity to learn and progress, flexible working and a decent salary. But most importantly, a career in medicine empowers you to help people, to be respected by others and to feel job satisfaction in a way that is impossible to feel in many other careers. The opportunities are endless, and the choice vast, however along with this comes huge responsibility to individual patients, the population as a whole and the team in which you are working. In addition, the NHS may receive a great deal of press about its status, but at a time where many people are being made redundant, doctors are still in the same demand. I had to put a great deal of thought into the viability of studying medicine at the age of 27, although jobs are not guaranteed they are still readily available." (Kate, Brighton)

"Why medicine? I'm a geek; I love science, and I love challenges. I also really enjoy working with and understanding people. I chose medicine because it offered me the opportunity to integrate these interests and apply them in a very practical profession. From examining patients to phlebotomy to suturing, it's not just about memorizing information, medicine is very much about applied skills. I'm now in my fourth year and I find it hugely rewarding to put together all the pieces of the puzzle- the history elicited with good communication skills, the knowledge of human biology and the findings from examination and investigations to suggest a diagnosis and be told it was the right one! Medicine is my second degree and the decision to stay a student for another 5 years when my friends were all in gainful employment wasn't an easy one. But it was the right one for me." (Catherine, Aberdeen)

Available at: https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/doctors/why-study-medicine/why-i-chose-medicine Accessed: September 7, 2023.

After reading the text we can affirm that Kate

INSTRUÇÃO: Seguem trechos das canções War, de Edwin Starr, e There’s a star spangled banner waving somewhere, de Elton Britt. Leia-os, atentamente, para responder à questão.

 

War

Edwin Starr

War, huh (good God)
What is it good for?
Absolutely nothing, listen to me, oh
War, I despise
Cause it means destruction of innocent lives
War means tears to thousands of mother’s eyes
When their sons go off to fight
And lose their lives
I said, war, huh (good God, y’all)
What is it good for?
Absolutely nothing, just say it again
War (whoa), huh (oh Lord)
What is it good for?
Absolutely nothing, listen to me
It ain’t nothing but a heart-breaker
(War) Friend only to The Undertaker
Oh, war it’s an enemy to all mankind
The thought of war blows my mind
War has caused unrest
Within the younger generation
Induction then destruction
Who wants to die? Oh
War, huh (good God y’all) [...]

Disponível em: https://www.vagalume.com.br/edwinstarr/war.html. Acesso em: 9 out. 2023. Adaptado.

 

There’s a star spangled banner waving somewhere 

Elton Britt

There’s a star spangled banner waving
somewhere
in a distant land so many miles away
Only Uncle sam’s great hero’s get to go there
where I wish that I could live someday.

I see Lincoln, Custer, Washington and Perry,
Nathan Hale and Collin Kelly too,
There’s a star spangled banner waving
somewhere
Waving ov'er the land of hero’s brave and true.

in this war with it’s mad schemes and distructions,
of our counrty fair and our sweet liberty
by the mad dictators, leaders of corruption,
can’t the U.S. use a Mountain boy like me.

God gave me the right to be a free American,
for that precious right I’d gladly die,
there’s a star spangled banner waving somewhere

[...]

Disponível em: https://www.letras.mus.br/elton-britt/345398. Acesso em: 9 out. 2023. Adaptado.

 

Considere as afirmativas a seguir, as quais estabelecem comparações entre as duas canções, e assinale a alternativa CORRETA.

INSTRUÇÃO: Leia, atentamente, o texto a seguir, para responder à questão.

 

    Ethnocentrism in psychology: examples, disadvantages & cultural relativism Ethnocentrism in psychology refers to the tendency to view one’s own cultural or ethnic group as superior and to judge other groups based on the values and standards of one’s group. It can lead to biased perceptions and misunderstandings, often favoring one’s in-group while discriminating against or stereotyping out-groups.

    The impact of ethnocentrism in psychology includes potential biases in research, skewed perceptions, and misunderstandings.

    It can lead to favoring one’s own cultural group, undermining the validity of cross-cultural studies, and perpetuating stereotypes, which may influence therapeutic approaches and the general understanding of human behavior across different cultures.

Disponível em: https://www.simplypsychology.org/ethnocentrism.html. Acesso em: 25 set. 2023. Adaptado.

 

O texto aborda o fenômeno conhecido como etnocentrismo sob o olhar da psicologia.

 

De acordo com o autor, é CORRETO afirmar que o sujeito etnocentrista

INSTRUÇÃO: Leia, atentamente, o texto a seguir, para responder à questão.

 

    Melatonin warnings: nearly half of parents give it to their kids to help them sleep, but experts urge caution Melatonin is “not a regulated substance,” doctor warns: “Lack of predictability.”
    Dr. Anne Marie Morse, a pediatric neurologist in Danville, Pennsylvania, was not surprised to hear about the high prevalence of melatonin use among kids.
    Morse’s typical approach is to start the medication, identify whether there’s a benefit within three months, then take away the melatonin and gauge whether the benefit is still there.
    “The goal is to partner any medication with behavioral strategies that make the medication less necessary for long-term use,” she said.

Disponível em: https://www.foxnews.com/health/melatonin-warnings-nearly-half-parents-give-kids-help-them-sleep-expertsurge-caution. Acesso em: 29 set. 2023. Adaptado.

Esse texto jornalístico aborda a prescrição de substâncias medicamentosas a crianças. Nele, o termo em destaque, “gauge”, pode ser compreendido como

O Texto é um excerto de uma entrevista concedida pela pesquisadora Kate Crawford a propósito de um livro, de sua autoria, sobre a Inteligência Artificial.

 

Texto

Kate Crawford studies the social and political implications of artificial intelligence. She is a research professor of communication and science and technology studies at the University of Southern California and a senior principal researcher at Microsoft Research.

 

The Observer: You’ve written a book critical of AI but you work for a company that is among the leaders in its deployment. How do you square that circle?

 

Kate Crawford: I work in the research wing of Microsoft, which is a distinct organisation. Unusually, over its 30-year history, it has hired social scientists to look critically at how technologies are being built. My book did not go through any pre-publication review – Microsoft Research does not require that – and my lab leaders support asking hard questions, even if the answers involve a critical assessment of current technological practices.

 

The Observer: What’s the aim of the book?

 

Kate Crawford: We are commonly presented with this vision of AI that is abstract and immaterial. I wanted to show how AI is made in a wider sense – its natural resource costs, its labour processes, and its classificatory logics. My hope is that, by showing how AI systems work, we will have a more accurate account of the impacts, and it will invite more people into the conversation. These systems are being rolled out across a multitude of sectors without strong regulation, consent or democratic debate.

(Adaptado de CORBYN Z.. Microsoft’s Kate Crawford: ‘AI is neither artificial nor intelligent’. The Observer, 06/06/2021. Disponível em: https://www.theguardian. com/technology/2021/jun/06/microsofts-kate-crawford-ai-is-neither-artificial-norintelligent. Acesso em: 01/08/2023.)

Considerando ainda o Texto, acima, qual dos pressupostos a seguir explica o uso, pelo entrevistador, da expressão “how do you square that circle”?