Questões de Inglês

WHAT IS LIFE?

 

The magazine Philosophy Now asked two people, Tom Baranski and Courtney Walsh, to define what life is.

 

Tom Baranski from Somerset, New Jersey, believes that life is the aspect of existence that processes, acts,
reacts, evaluates and evolves through growth (reproduction and metabolism). The crucial difference
between life and non-life (or non-living things) is that life uses energy for physical and conscious
development. Life is anything that grows and eventually dies, ceases to proliferate and be cognizant. Can
[5] we say that viruses, for example, are cognizant? Yes, insofar as they react to stimuli; but they are alive
essentially because they reproduce and grow. Computers are non-living because even though they can
cognize, they do not develop biologically (grow) and cannot produce offspring. It is not cognition that
determines life: it is rather proliferation and maturation towards a state of death; and death occurs only to
living substances.

[10] Or is the question “What is the meaning (purpose) of life?” that is a real tough one? But Tom Baranski
thinks that the meaning of life is the ideals we impose upon it, what we demand of it. The meaning of life
is to: Do good, Be Good, but also to Receive Good. The foggy term in this advice, of course, is “good”; but
he leaves that to the intuitive powers that we all share.

There are, of course, many intuitively clear examples of Doing Good. Most of us would avoid murdering;
[15] and most of us would refrain from other acts we find intuitively wrong. So our natural intuitions determine
the meaning of life for us; and it seems for other species as well, for those intuitions resonate through
much of life and give it its purpose.

On the other hand, Courtney Walsh from Farnborough, Hampshire, defines life as the eternal and
unbroken flow of infinite rippling simultaneous events that by a fortuitous chain has led to this universe
[20] of elements we are all suspended in, that has somehow led to this present experience of sentient existence.
Animal life (excluding that of humans) shows that life is a simple matter of being, by means of a modest
routine of eating, sleeping and reproducing. Animals balance their days between these necessities, doing
only what their bodies ask of them. The life of vegetation is not far from that of animals. They eat and
sleep and reproduce in their own way, for the same result. So life is a beautiful and naturally harmonious
[25] borrowing of energy.

Yet we have taken it for granted. We have lost the power to simply be happy eating, sleeping, reproducing,
believing we need a reason to be alive, a purpose and a goal to reach, so that on our deathbeds (something
we have been made to fear) we can look back and tell ourselves we have done something with our lives.
Life has lost its purpose because we have tried to give it one. The truth is that we are no more significant
[30] than the sand by the sea or the clouds in the sky. No more significant. But as significant.

No matter what your race, religion or gender, when you first step outside your door in the morning and
feel the fresh air in your lungs and the morning sun on your face, you close your eyes and smile. In that
moment you are feeling life as it should be.

Adaptado de philosophynow.org.

Tom Baranski and Courtney Walsh define life in different ways, but both of them agree upon the idea expressed in the following sentence:

Para responder à questão, considere o texto a seguir.

 

THE FIVE DOMAINS FOR ANIMAL WELFARE

 

Did you know that your pets have different welfare needs? The Five Domains Model will help you make sure your pets are healthy and happy

Fonte: FOUR PAWS. The five domains for animal welfare. África do Sul, 11 jul. 2020. Disponível em: https://www. four-paws.org.za/our-stories/publications-guides/five-domainsanimal-welfare. Acesso em: 02 out. 2023. (Adaptado)

Considere os pronomes destacados nos segmentos a seguir.

 

“Give animals the right amount and the right quality of fresh water and food to suit their needs and keep them happy.”

 

“Try to prevent any disease or injury, and if it does happen, have it treated quickly and as stress free as possible.”

 

Esses pronomes estão retomando, respectivamente, os seguintes termos:

Para responder à questão, considere o texto a seguir.

 

THE FIVE DOMAINS FOR ANIMAL WELFARE

 

Did you know that your pets have different welfare needs? The Five Domains Model will help you make sure your pets are healthy and happy

Fonte: FOUR PAWS. The five domains for animal welfare. África do Sul, 11 jul. 2020. Disponível em: https://www. four-paws.org.za/our-stories/publications-guides/five-domainsanimal-welfare. Acesso em: 02 out. 2023. (Adaptado)

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta o objetivo do texto.

Where love and doubt walk hand in hand

 

NEW YORK — The New York Theatre Workshop has a winner with Anaïs Mitchell's absolutely brilliant folk opera "Hadestown." This immersive musical experience combines Greek mythology and elements of the 1927 film classic "Metropolis" to present a tale of star-crossed lovers forever bound by love and pain.

 

Orpheus (Damon Daunno) is a young man with a singing voice so angelic it can make clouds part and stones weep. Falling in love with Eurydice (Nabiyah Be), he soon charms this somewhat cynical woman who knows full well how cruel the world can be.

 

But as their summer courtship turns to winter, and with Orpheus seemingly more interested in his songs than his new wife, Eurydice finds herself falling under the spell of Hades (Patrick Page), ruler of the underworld. Having become too fearful of the harshness of the world, she instead chooses death, believing Hades will provide for her for eternity.

 

However, Hades's vision of the afterlife is not what she expects. He uses his legions of dead souls to create a gigantic electrified city—cold, impersonal, and inexorably growing. The city is surrounded by a wall to keep out poverty and undesirables.

 

Hades does all this to impress his wife, Persephone (Amber Gray), from whom he has long since grown apart. Persephone, a woman who clearly loves life, spends the spring and summer months each year on Earth, before going below to be with her husband for the fall and winter.

 

To Hadestown determined Orpheus willingly descends. With a little help from Hermes (Chris Sullivan), who also serves as the show's narrator, Orpheus attempts to bring Eurydice back to the land of the living. "Hadestown" is at its heart an exploration of what love means. More than flowery promises, it's about the trust and belief you place in another, as well as the patience to allow those qualities to be returned in kind.

Disponível em: https://www.theepochtimes.com/bright/theater-review-hadestown-2111039?utm_ medium=GoogleAds&utm_source=PerfmaxM&utm_campaign=PM_max_TW2_Janet_NY_0630&gclid=Cj0KCQjw4bip BhCyARIsAFsieCwzgX1rS20NXVJmkQ3k9TpfivrBvr6U8BfuvYGxliTXOiOTptj_7HUaAr4HEALw_wcB?welcomeuser=1. Acesso em: 10 out 2023.

 

Sobre o musical “Hadestown” resumido no texto, segundo o autor, analise as afirmativas a seguir.

I. O nome “Hadestown” é uma referência ao filme clássico “Metropolis” de 1927.
II. O principal conflito da história é a dificuldade de Orpheus em compor sua música.
III. Na história, Eurydice se torna cada vez mais desapontada com a vida e prefere a morte.
IV. O personagem Hades é o narrador da história.
V. As complexidades do amor, da confiança e da paciência são o tema central da história.

É correto apenas o que se afirma em

Tim Minchin é um compositor, músico, comediante, ator, escritor, produtor e diretor australiano. Seu trabalho é celebrado por sua originalidade e sua habilidade de provocar reflexões e risadas ao mesmo tempo. Seja por sua música, comédia, ou atuação, ele, com certeza, marca o mundo do entretenimento. Leia o trecho de sua música The Aeroplane para responder à questão.

 

If I had the blueprint or the brain
I would build an aeroplane
With fashion wings of balsa wood and glue
And I would fly to you
I'd carve a prop from old recycled would haves
All these relentless could have
These pointless might have beens
Oh, the storms that I would gladly battle through
So I could fly to you

 

Na primeira linha da música, o que a frase "If I had the blueprint or the brain" indica?

Planeta Estranho, de Nathan Pyle, figura como um espelho para nosso comportamento humano de forma bem humorada.

 

Na tirinha, que comportamento é representado?