Questões de Inglês

Artificial intelligence in intensive care units

Image: LinkedIn bank.

 

1    In the future, artificial intelligence will play an important role in medicine. In diagnostics, successful tests have already been performed: for example, the computer can learn to categorize images with great accuracy according to whether they show pathological changes or not. However, it is more difficult to train an artificial intelligence to examine the time-varying conditions of patients and to calculate treatment suggestions -- this is precisely what has now been achieved at TU Wien in cooperation with the Medical University of Vienna.

 

2    With the help of extensive data from intensive care units of various hospitals, an artificial intelligence was developed that provides suggestions for the treatment of people who require intensive care due to sepsis. Analyses show that artificial intelligence already surpasses the quality of human decisions. However, it is now important also to discuss the legal aspects of such methods.

 

3    "In an intensive care unit, a lot of different data is collected around the clock. The patients are constantly monitored medically. We wanted to investigate whether these data could be used even better than before," says Prof. Clemens Heitzinger from the Institute for Analysis and Scientific Computing at TU Wien (Vienna).

 

4    Medical staff make their decisions on the basis of well-founded rules. Most of the time, they know very well which parameters they have to take into account in order to provide the best care. However, the computer can easily take many more parameters than a human into account -- and in some cases this can lead to even better decisions. [...]

 

5    Analysis shows that AI capabilities are already outperforming humans: "Cure rates are now higher with an AI strategy than with purely human decisions. In one of our studies, the cure rate in terms of 90-day mortality was increased by about 3% to about 88%," says Prof. Heitzinger.

 

6    Of course, this does not mean that one should leave medical decisions in an intensive care unit to the computer alone. But the artificial intelligence may run along as an additional device at the bedside -- and the medical staff can consult it and compare their own assessment with the artificial intelligence's suggestions.

Disponível em: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/05/230511164553.htm. Acesso em: maio/2023. Texto adaptado.

No trecho "In an intensive care unit, a lot of different data is collected around the clock. [...]”, o Prof. Clemens Heitzinger explica que

Artificial intelligence in intensive care units

Image: LinkedIn bank.

 

1    In the future, artificial intelligence will play an important role in medicine. In diagnostics, successful tests have already been performed: for example, the computer can learn to categorize images with great accuracy according to whether they show pathological changes or not. However, it is more difficult to train an artificial intelligence to examine the time-varying conditions of patients and to calculate treatment suggestions -- this is precisely what has now been achieved at TU Wien in cooperation with the Medical University of Vienna.

 

2    With the help of extensive data from intensive care units of various hospitals, an artificial intelligence was developed that provides suggestions for the treatment of people who require intensive care due to sepsis. Analyses show that artificial intelligence already surpasses the quality of human decisions. However, it is now important also to discuss the legal aspects of such methods.

 

3    "In an intensive care unit, a lot of different data is collected around the clock. The patients are constantly monitored medically. We wanted to investigate whether these data could be used even better than before," says Prof. Clemens Heitzinger from the Institute for Analysis and Scientific Computing at TU Wien (Vienna).

 

4    Medical staff make their decisions on the basis of well-founded rules. Most of the time, they know very well which parameters they have to take into account in order to provide the best care. However, the computer can easily take many more parameters than a human into account -- and in some cases this can lead to even better decisions. [...]

 

5    Analysis shows that AI capabilities are already outperforming humans: "Cure rates are now higher with an AI strategy than with purely human decisions. In one of our studies, the cure rate in terms of 90-day mortality was increased by about 3% to about 88%," says Prof. Heitzinger.

 

6    Of course, this does not mean that one should leave medical decisions in an intensive care unit to the computer alone. But the artificial intelligence may run along as an additional device at the bedside -- and the medical staff can consult it and compare their own assessment with the artificial intelligence's suggestions.

Disponível em: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/05/230511164553.htm. Acesso em: maio/2023. Texto adaptado.

Com base na leitura do texto, é CORRETO afirmar que

Seguem trechos das canções War, de Edwin Starr, e There’s a star spangled banner waving somewhere, de Elton Britt. Leia-os, atentamente, para responder à questão.

 

     

 

Considere as afirmativas a seguir, as quais estabelecem comparações entre as duas canções, e assinale a alternativa CORRETA.

Leia, atentamente, o texto a seguir, para responder à questão.

 

Ethnocentrism in psychology: examples, disadvantages & cultural relativism

 

    Ethnocentrism in psychology refers to the tendency to view one’s own cultural or ethnic group as superior and to judge other groups based on the values and standards of one’s group. It can lead to biased perceptions and misunderstandings, often favoring one’s in-group while discriminating against or stereotyping out-groups.

    The impact of ethnocentrism in psychology includes potential biases in research, skewed perceptions, and misunderstandings.

    It can lead to favoring one’s own cultural group, undermining the validity of cross-cultural studies, and perpetuating stereotypes, which may influence therapeutic approaches and the general understanding of human behavior across different cultures.

Disponível em: https://www.simplypsychology.org/ethnocentrism.html. Acesso em: 25 set. 2023. Adaptado.

 

O texto aborda o fenômeno conhecido como etnocentrismo sob o olhar da psicologia.

 

De acordo com o autor, é CORRETO afirmar que o sujeito etnocentrista

Leia, atentamente, o texto a seguir, para responder à questão.

 

Melatonin warnings: nearly half of parents give it to their kids to help them sleep, but experts urge caution

 

    Melatonin is “not a regulated substance,” doctor warns: “Lack of predictability.”

    Dr. Anne Marie Morse, a pediatric neurologist in Danville, Pennsylvania, was not surprised to hear about the high prevalence of melatonin use among kids.

    Morse’s typical approach is to start the medication, identify whether there’s a benefit within three months, then take away the melatonin and gauge whether the benefit is still there.

    “The goal is to partner any medication with behavioral strategies that make the medication less necessary for long-term use,” she said.

Disponível em: https://www.foxnews.com/health/melatonin-warnings-nearly-half-parents-give-kids-help-them-sleep-experts urge-caution. Acesso em: 29 set. 2023. Adaptado.

 

Esse texto jornalístico aborda a prescrição de substâncias medicamentosas a crianças.

 

Nele, o termo em destaque, “gauge”, pode ser compreendido como

Leia o cartum a seguir.

Disponível em: https://www.ba-bamail.com/humor/20-hilarious-comics-filled-with-wit-humor-and-fun/ Acesso em: 14 abr. 2023.

 

Assinale a alternativa que registra CORRETAMENTE o sentido humorístico do cartum. Nele, o autor