Questões de Inglês

The following text is reference to question.

 

In April, Australian Tim Shaddock and his dog Bella set off from La Paz, Mexico. The 51-year-old man wanted to travel to French Polynesia in his boat, but he got into trouble.

In May, storms damaged the boat’s electronics, and Shaddock and his dog were left stranded in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The pair survived only thanks to drinking rainwater and eating raw fish.

Finally, a helicopter spotted the boat and the pair is now on their way back to Mexico. Both the man and his dog seemed well, but Shaddock will undergo a health check when he is in Mexico.

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During the time Shaddock and Bella were in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, the man:

        Africa's Greatest Freedom Symbol

 

Son of a chief, Nelson Mandela studied law and became one of South Africa's first black lawyers. Early in the 1950s he was elected leader of the youth wing of the ANC (African National Congress) liberation movement. When the country's white minority government prohibited the ANC in 1960, Mandela became convinced that armed struggle was inevitable. Inspired by the guerrilla wars in Algeria and Cuba, he organized a military underground movement that engaged in sabotage. In 1962 he was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment for high treason and conspiracy against the state.

From 1964 to 1982 he was confined to the notorious prison island Robben Island, together with several other resistance leaders. He was then moved to prison on the mainland until his release in 1990. During his imprisonment, Mandela became a rallying point for South Africa's oppressed, and the world's most famous political prisoner.

Nelson Mandela shared the Peace Prize with the man who had released him, President Frederik Willem de Klerk, because they had agreed on a peaceful transition to majority rule.

Disponible in: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1993/mandela/facts/. Access in: May, 24 2023 (adapted).

 

Choose the best translation for the statement.

 

I - Son of a chief, Nelson Mandela studied law and became one of south Africa’s first black lawyers.

II - In 1962 he was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment for high treason and conspiracy against the state.

III - From 1964 to 1982 he was confined to the notorious prison island Robben Island, together with several other resistance leaders.

        The big idea: why we need a new definition of junk food

    Ultra-processed products now make up 60% of our diet – and they’re killing us

 

Strange as it may seem, food has replaced tobacco as the leading cause of early death globally. Each year, more people die in America from illnesses caused by poor diet than were killed fighting in every war in US history combined. In the UK the situation is equally 1. dire. Officially, the health effects of food are entirely due to its nutritional content – the amount of fat, salt, sugar and fibre it contains. The current system leaves it up to you to read the detailed information on the pack and decide how much to eat based on recommended values, and if you have children, you’ll need to know the values for them too. This is nigh-on impossible for most people – but even if you were able to calculate exactly how much fat, salt and sugar you were consuming in each 2. mouthful, you would still be neglecting one vital determinant of health – how the food was processed. You might feel like you’ve heard all this before. People have expressed concern about “processed food” for a long time, but it’s not always been an easy concept to 3. pin down. After all, we have been processing food for hundreds of thousands of years. The human diet was invented by primarily female domestic scientists who modified plants and animals by milling, shaking, pounding and grinding them, or altering them via fermentation and heat, before salting, smoking and drying them for preservation. Food processing has shaped almost every aspect of our bodies: we have the shortest guts of any animal our size because part of their job is outsourced to our kitchens. We are the only animal that must process its food to survive. Processing is fine. But just over a decade ago a team of scientists in Brazil noticed a 4. paradox in the data from their national nutrition surveys. Obesity had gone from being rare, to being the country’s dominant public health problem – even though people were buying less oil and sugar. What they were eating more of was industrially processed food: biscuits, emulsified breads, confectionary and so on. The team developed a definition that distinguished between traditional food, whole or processed, and these items, which they termed ultra processed foods, or UPFs for short.

Disponible in: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/may/15/the-big-idea-why-we-need-a-new-definition-of-junk-food. Access in: May, 15 2023 (adapted).

 

Choose the alternative whose bold words have similar meanings in the sentences.

        What is mindful eating?

 

Mindfulness is the practice of being present in the moment, and observing the inputs flooding your senses. At meal time: "Think about how the food looks, how it tastes and smells. What's the texture? What memories does it bring up? How does it make you feel?" Burton Murray asks. By being mindful at meals, you'll slow the eating process, pay more attention to your body's hunger and fullness cues, and perhaps avoid overeating. "It makes you take a step back and make decisions about what you're eating, rather than just going through the automatic process of see food, take food, eat food," Burton Murray says.

Set yourself up for success in being mindful when you eat by: Removing distractions. Turn off phones, TVs, and computers. Eat in a peaceful, uncluttered space.

Pacing yourself for a 20-minute meal. Chew your food slowly and put your fork down between bites.

Disponible in: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/overeating-mindfulness-exercises-may-help-202203282714. Access in: May, 15 2023 (adapted).

 

Choose the correct alternative.

An mail from a friend

 

[1] I've been meaning to write for ages and finally today I'm actually doing something about

it. Not that I'm trying to make excuses for myself, it's been really hard to sit down and

write, as I've been moving around so much. Since we last saw each other I've unpacked

my bags in four different cities. This job has turned out, to be more of a whirlwind than I

[5] expected but it's all good!

I went from London to Prague to set up a new regional office there. You know I'd always

wanted to go, but maybe I was imagining Prague in spring when I used to talk about that.

Winter was really hard, with minus 15 degrees in the mornings and dark really early in

the evening. But at least it was blue skies and white snow and not days on end of grey

[10] skies and rain like at home. It's tough being away from home over Christmas, though,

and Skype on Christmas Day wasn't really the same as being with everyone.

From there I was on another three-month mission to oversee the set-up of the office in

New York. Loved, loved, loved New York! It's like being in one big TV show, as

everywhere looks just a little bit familiar. I did every tourist thing you can think of when I

[15] wasn't working, and must have spent most of my salary on eating out. It was really hard

to leave for the next job, especially as I kind of met someone (!) More about Michael

later ...

So then I was posted to LA, which felt like a whole other country compared with the East

Coast. I could definitely get used to that kind of outdoor, beach lifestyle, but I didn't spend

[20] as much time getting to know California as I could have because I was flying back to see

Michael every other weekend. He came to see me when he could, but his job means

he's often working at weekends, so he couldn't make the flight very often. Those three

months flew by and then I was off again, to Frankfurt, which is where I am now. And ...

so is Michael! He got a month off work and we're trying to work out, how we can be in

[25] the same place at the same time for a while. We figure the first step in that direction is

getting married, which is also why I wanted to write - I can't get married without my oldest

friend there! The wedding's going to be at home in London in September and I hope you

can come!

Anyway, tell me all your news and I promise not to leave it so long this time! Lots of love, Kath. Source:

www.learnenglish.britishcouncil.org. Access in: 28 may 2024.

This text is about:

An mail from a friend

 

[1] I've been meaning to write for ages and finally today I'm actually doing something about

it. Not that I'm trying to make excuses for myself, it's been really hard to sit down and

write, as I've been moving around so much. Since we last saw each other I've unpacked

my bags in four different cities. This job has turned out, to be more of a whirlwind than I

[5] expected but it's all good!

I went from London to Prague to set up a new regional office there. You know I'd always

wanted to go, but maybe I was imagining Prague in spring when I used to talk about that.

Winter was really hard, with minus 15 degrees in the mornings and dark really early in

the evening. But at least it was blue skies and white snow and not days on end of grey

[10] skies and rain like at home. It's tough being away from home over Christmas, though,

and Skype on Christmas Day wasn't really the same as being with everyone.

From there I was on another three-month mission to oversee the set-up of the office in

New York. Loved, loved, loved New York! It's like being in one big TV show, as

everywhere looks just a little bit familiar. I did every tourist thing you can think of when I

[15] wasn't working, and must have spent most of my salary on eating out. It was really hard

to leave for the next job, especially as I kind of met someone (!) More about Michael

later ...

So then I was posted to LA, which felt like a whole other country compared with the East

Coast. I could definitely get used to that kind of outdoor, beach lifestyle, but I didn't spend

[20] as much time getting to know California as I could have because I was flying back to see

Michael every other weekend. He came to see me when he could, but his job means

he's often working at weekends, so he couldn't make the flight very often. Those three

months flew by and then I was off again, to Frankfurt, which is where I am now. And ...

so is Michael! He got a month off work and we're trying to work out, how we can be in

[25] the same place at the same time for a while. We figure the first step in that direction is

getting married, which is also why I wanted to write - I can't get married without my oldest

friend there! The wedding's going to be at home in London in September and I hope you

can come!

Anyway, tell me all your news and I promise not to leave it so long this time! Lots of love, Kath. Source:

www.learnenglish.britishcouncil.org. Access in: 28 may 2024.

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