Questões de Inglês

Mark the alternative that is CORRECT according to the standard grammar rules.

Text 1 below is part of the article Top 20 Current Global Issues We Must Address. Read it and then analyze sentences I to V that follow

 

Text 1.

 

        Refugee rights

 

According to UNCHR, the war in Ukraine sparked the fastest-growing refugee crisis since WWII. Almost 6 million (as of May 10, 2022) people have fled. The UNCHR’s Refugee Brief, which compiles the week’s biggest refugee stories, has recently described situations in places like Somalia, where thousands of people were displaced due to severe drought. Between January and mid-April, more than 36,000 refugees from Nigeria, Mali, and Burkina Faso arrived in Niger. These are only a few examples of the refugee crises, which endangers already marginalized groups – like women and children – and puts them at an increased risk of trafficking, violence, and death.

(Source: Top 20 Current Global Issues We Must Address | Human Rights Careers ,retrieved on April 15th, 2024).

 

Analyse the sentences below.

 

I) The war in Ukraine set off the fastest-growing refugee crisis since World War II.

II) Nearly 6 million people have left Ukraine from WWII until May 10, 2022.

III) In Somalia thousands of people had to move owing to extremely low rainfall rates.

IV) More than 36,000 refugees from Nigeria, Mali, and Burkina Faso were victims of human trafficking recently.

V) Almost 6 million people have left their countries because of the war in Ukraine and WWII.

 

Now, mark the alternative that correctly describes the ideas in the text.

STUDY SUGGESTS MEDICAL ERRORS ARE NOW THE THIRD LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN THE U.S.

 

[1] Over 138 million patients are harmed every year by doctors’ errors and medical mistakes, which cause 2.6
million deaths yearly, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned, just a few days before celebrating the
first “World Patient Safety Day”, with which it seeks to raise awareness of this ongoing tragedy.

 

“Errors in diagnosis, errors in medicine prescriptions and treatments, and the inappropriate use of drugs are the

[5] three main reasons why so many patients are harmed”, WHO patient-safety coordinator, Dr. Neelam Dhingra-

Kumar, told a press conference on Friday. These mistakes occur because healthcare systems are not suitably
designed to deal with these errors and learn from them. Many medical facilities also hide what they did wrong,
which often keeps them from taking steps to make sure these errors are not repeated in the future.

 

Figures provided by the WHO refer only to countries with medium and low economic status, where 80
[10] per cent of the global population live. The real number could be even greater, considering that even in
developed countries, one out of every 10 patients is the victim of medical mistakes. Examples of these errors
are the application of medications in ways they were not designed for, errors in blood transfusions and in
taking X-rays, or in more dramatic cases, indicating that the wrong limb needs to be amputated or that the
wrong side of the brain requires surgery.

 

[15] According to the Geneva-based Organization, only errors related to erroneous medicine prescriptions cost
healthcare systems around the world some $42 billion (37 billion euros). To raise awareness about these
problems, starting this year, the WHO will celebrate every September 17 World Patient Safety Day, which in
its first year will light up with the colour orange a number of monuments and healthcare facilities worldwide.

Adapted from: https://ummid.com/news/2019/september/15.09.2019/deaths-due-to-doctor-error-who-data.html. Accessed 5 February 2022.

The main message in paragraph 3 is the following:

STUDY SUGGESTS MEDICAL ERRORS ARE NOW THE THIRD LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN THE U.S.

 

[1] Over 138 million patients are harmed every year by doctors’ errors and medical mistakes, which cause 2.6
million deaths yearly, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned, just a few days before celebrating the
first “World Patient Safety Day”, with which it seeks to raise awareness of this ongoing tragedy.

 

“Errors in diagnosis, errors in medicine prescriptions and treatments, and the inappropriate use of drugs are the

[5] three main reasons why so many patients are harmed”, WHO patient-safety coordinator, Dr. Neelam Dhingra-

Kumar, told a press conference on Friday. These mistakes occur because healthcare systems are not suitably
designed to deal with these errors and learn from them. Many medical facilities also hide what they did wrong,
which often keeps them from taking steps to make sure these errors are not repeated in the future.

 

Figures provided by the WHO refer only to countries with medium and low economic status, where 80
[10] per cent of the global population live. The real number could be even greater, considering that even in
developed countries, one out of every 10 patients is the victim of medical mistakes. Examples of these errors
are the application of medications in ways they were not designed for, errors in blood transfusions and in
taking X-rays, or in more dramatic cases, indicating that the wrong limb needs to be amputated or that the
wrong side of the brain requires surgery.

 

[15] According to the Geneva-based Organization, only errors related to erroneous medicine prescriptions cost
healthcare systems around the world some $42 billion (37 billion euros). To raise awareness about these
problems, starting this year, the WHO will celebrate every September 17 World Patient Safety Day, which in
its first year will light up with the colour orange a number of monuments and healthcare facilities worldwide.

Adapted from: https://ummid.com/news/2019/september/15.09.2019/deaths-due-to-doctor-error-who-data.html. Accessed 5 February 2022.

According to paragraph 1, the number of patients affected by doctors’ errors:

Analyze the following chart to answer the questions below.

Disponível em: http//www.news.gallup.com/opinion/gallup/471155/charts-russia-ukraine-war.aspx. Acesso em: 05 out. 2023.

 

The information in the chart above shows that

Read the following text to answer question.

 

The Creator of a Viral Black Fetus Medical Illustration Blends Art and Activism

 

Chidiebere Ibe says his work is not just about the lack of representation in medical illustrations. It's also about the beauty of African culture.

By David Limm January 13, 2022

As an aspiring medical illustrator, Chidiebere Ibe noticed the absence as soon as he began to learn the craft. Why aren't there more images of Black skin in medical illustration?

In a healthcare system beset with racial inequities, the relative scarcity of dark skin tones in medical textbooks is no exception. Driven to correct this imbalance, the Nigerian-born would-be neurosurgeon started teaching himself to illustrate, using Black skin to depict various medical conditions and procedures.

One-and-a-half years and one viral illustration later, Ibe is now a student at Kyiv Medical University in Ukraine, a budding illustrator, and an advocate for racial health justice. Over the past few weeks, his image of a Black pregnant person and fetus struck an instant chord on social media. For many, the picture was a reminder that racial bias can permeate every level of healthcare and medical training.

"I’ve literally never seen a black foetus illustrated, ever," said one Twitter user, whose post with the image helped propel the illustration to virality. "Seeing more textbooks like this would make me want to become medical student," said a commenter on Ibe's Instagram post.

Ni-ka Ford, a medical illustrator whose work is a favorite of Ibe's, said on Twitter, "Bias towards able-bodied whiteness in medical education materials is very harmful, it contributes to inequality and disparities in healthcare."

[…]

A 2018 study of four anatomy textbooks frequently assigned at medical schools found that dark skin tones were greatly underrepresented, making up less than 5% of more than 4,000 images analyzed. The same study also found that, despite having higher mortality rates for six common types of cancer – breast, cervical, colon, lung, prostate, and skin – Black people appeared in fewer than a quarter of images depicting cancer. None of the cancer-specific images showed what the study deemed to be dark skin tones.

Race matters, and skin tone matters in medicine, especially in dermatology. Research has shown that when dermatologists fail to recognize disease in Brown or Black skin, the results can be deadly.

[…]

HealthCity spoke with Ibe about the need for racial representation in healthcare, his approach to drawing Black skin, and the role of creativity in medical illustrations.

HealthCity: You've said that you are motivated by a passion for equity in healthcare but also by the beauty of Black people. Why do you think medical illustration is such a powerful device for promoting these things?

Chidiebere Ibe: Because I'm in the medical field, I am making use of the tools and the skills that I have to advocate for what I believe in. If I were a singer, I would sing songs to advocate for what I believe in. Because I'm an artist – I'm a medical illustrator – I have to create art that would advocate for what I believe in.

My drawings are not just depicting skin, or the Black skin, but also showing how Africa looks, typically. If you go to my drawings, you would see some drawings that depict how Africa looks like. For example, I created a drawing of a child with measles. That drawing was a child sitting on a bicycle, heading to the farm to get food for the day. Now, that's typical lifestyle of Africa. My drawings are depicting how Africa looks on a daily basis and also portraying the medical part of it.

[…]

Disponível em: https://healthcity.bmc.org/policy-and-industry/creator-viral-black-fetus-medical-illustration-blends-art-and-activism. Acesso em: 10 out. 2023.

According to the text, it can be verified that