Questões de Inglês

                      How life for animals changed when humans stayed home during the pandemic

 

[1]    Bears roaming the streets of Italy. Pumas prowling cities in California. Goats taking over towns in Wales. As people hunkered at home to stop the spread of the coronavirus in early 2020, they swapped stories online of wildlife reclaiming urban spaces outside their windows. Now a massive study of GPS tracking data on bears, deer, elephants, giraffes and some 40 other terrestrial mammals around the world confirms many animals roamed further and appeared to act more at ease without humans around.

    “It’s obvious that we’re having an impact on animal behavior,” said Marlee Tucker, an ecologist at Radboud University in the Netherlands who led the study published in the journal Science on Thursday. What is more surprising, she added, is that even “small changes in our behavior could actually be quite beneficial” for wildlife.

    The unprecedented and accidental experiment that was the coronavirus pandemic allowed the ecologists to show how perceptive other creatures are to the presence of humans — and how quickly they can alter their behavior when we aren’t bothering them. The work, which involved 175 wildlife researchers, suggests new ways to protect wildlife now that the pandemic is over — without, that is, having to urge everyone to stay at home again.

    “The most striking thing was that the responses were occurring over a very short period of time,” said Colleen Cassady St. Clair, a professor of biological sciences at the University of Alberta who was not involved in writing the paper. “And it suggests that several species are very reactive to human activity.”

[5]    A growing body of research into the slowdown in human activity during the pandemic — a brief period scientists call the “anthropause” — shows the complex ways ecosystems responded when they were suddenly devoid of people. Sometimes, the absence of humans was a beneficial reprieve for wildlife. At other times, the anthropause came at animals’ detriment.

    Like a lot of the best science, it began by accident. In the years leading up to 2020, dozens of scientists around the world put tracking collars on elephants, giraffes, bears, deer, lions and other animals for their own separate research projects. At the time, none of them suspected their data would help us understand the effects of a global health crisis. But once covid began sweeping the globe, Tucker started making calls and sending emails to researchers tracking wildlife. Having spent much of her career studying wildlife movements around humans, she and her colleagues knew the pandemic was “quite a unique opportunity.”

    In total, the GPS coordinates the team gathered from 2,300 terrestrial mammals showed a wide variety of responses, but a few trends emerged. Many animals became more adventurous during the beginning of the pandemic, traveling distances up to 73 percent longer compared to the year prior in areas with the strictest covid orders.

    Although the tracked animals roamed longer distances, they moved less during short, one-hour timespans because fewer people were around to spook them. And with fewer cars on the roads, many animals also inched closer to normally bustling thoroughfares in search of food and other resources.

 

    “That kind of blew my mind — that kind of insidious effect of traffic,” said Amanda Bates, a biology professor at the University of Victoria who helped coin the term anthropause.

[10]    For many species, the hiatus from humans was clearly a boon. Sea turtles in Florida, for instance, appeared to thrive after beachgoers packed up their umbrellas, other researchers have shown. The same was true for turtles on the Greek island of Zakynthos. But ecosystems are complicated, with humans wittingly (or unwittingly) playing a role. For instance, researchers working to protect seabirds by ridding Gough Island in the Atlantic of invasive mice had to postpone the project during the pandemic.

    For St. Clair, the ill effects road traffic has on wildlife underscores the need for physical barriers — for the protection of both animals and the people that can crash into them. “A good solution for coexistence with wildlife, especially wildlife that can inflict injuries on people, is to have quite clear segregation,” she said.

    Another lesson of the covid closures: Sometimes it’s good just to give wildlife more space to be wild. That’s especially true during key survival moments, said Tucker, the lead author on the most recent paper. It may be good to close down, say, a beach or a forest during a migratory or breeding season “so that animals can do their thing in peace,” she said. “There could be certain times of the year that we just have to shift our behavior for a week or two.”

Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-envi ronment/2023/06/08/covid-lockdowns-wildlife/. Retrieved on: June 17, 2023.

In the fragment “the ill effects road traffic has on wildlife underscores the need for physical barriers” (paragraph 11), underscores can be replaced, without change in meaning, by

                      How life for animals changed when humans stayed home during the pandemic

 

[1]    Bears roaming the streets of Italy. Pumas prowling cities in California. Goats taking over towns in Wales. As people hunkered at home to stop the spread of the coronavirus in early 2020, they swapped stories online of wildlife reclaiming urban spaces outside their windows. Now a massive study of GPS tracking data on bears, deer, elephants, giraffes and some 40 other terrestrial mammals around the world confirms many animals roamed further and appeared to act more at ease without humans around.

    “It’s obvious that we’re having an impact on animal behavior,” said Marlee Tucker, an ecologist at Radboud University in the Netherlands who led the study published in the journal Science on Thursday. What is more surprising, she added, is that even “small changes in our behavior could actually be quite beneficial” for wildlife.

    The unprecedented and accidental experiment that was the coronavirus pandemic allowed the ecologists to show how perceptive other creatures are to the presence of humans — and how quickly they can alter their behavior when we aren’t bothering them. The work, which involved 175 wildlife researchers, suggests new ways to protect wildlife now that the pandemic is over — without, that is, having to urge everyone to stay at home again.

    “The most striking thing was that the responses were occurring over a very short period of time,” said Colleen Cassady St. Clair, a professor of biological sciences at the University of Alberta who was not involved in writing the paper. “And it suggests that several species are very reactive to human activity.”

[5]    A growing body of research into the slowdown in human activity during the pandemic — a brief period scientists call the “anthropause” — shows the complex ways ecosystems responded when they were suddenly devoid of people. Sometimes, the absence of humans was a beneficial reprieve for wildlife. At other times, the anthropause came at animals’ detriment.

    Like a lot of the best science, it began by accident. In the years leading up to 2020, dozens of scientists around the world put tracking collars on elephants, giraffes, bears, deer, lions and other animals for their own separate research projects. At the time, none of them suspected their data would help us understand the effects of a global health crisis. But once covid began sweeping the globe, Tucker started making calls and sending emails to researchers tracking wildlife. Having spent much of her career studying wildlife movements around humans, she and her colleagues knew the pandemic was “quite a unique opportunity.”

    In total, the GPS coordinates the team gathered from 2,300 terrestrial mammals showed a wide variety of responses, but a few trends emerged. Many animals became more adventurous during the beginning of the pandemic, traveling distances up to 73 percent longer compared to the year prior in areas with the strictest covid orders.

    Although the tracked animals roamed longer distances, they moved less during short, one-hour timespans because fewer people were around to spook them. And with fewer cars on the roads, many animals also inched closer to normally bustling thoroughfares in search of food and other resources.

 

    “That kind of blew my mind — that kind of insidious effect of traffic,” said Amanda Bates, a biology professor at the University of Victoria who helped coin the term anthropause.

[10]    For many species, the hiatus from humans was clearly a boon. Sea turtles in Florida, for instance, appeared to thrive after beachgoers packed up their umbrellas, other researchers have shown. The same was true for turtles on the Greek island of Zakynthos. But ecosystems are complicated, with humans wittingly (or unwittingly) playing a role. For instance, researchers working to protect seabirds by ridding Gough Island in the Atlantic of invasive mice had to postpone the project during the pandemic.

    For St. Clair, the ill effects road traffic has on wildlife underscores the need for physical barriers — for the protection of both animals and the people that can crash into them. “A good solution for coexistence with wildlife, especially wildlife that can inflict injuries on people, is to have quite clear segregation,” she said.

    Another lesson of the covid closures: Sometimes it’s good just to give wildlife more space to be wild. That’s especially true during key survival moments, said Tucker, the lead author on the most recent paper. It may be good to close down, say, a beach or a forest during a migratory or breeding season “so that animals can do their thing in peace,” she said. “There could be certain times of the year that we just have to shift our behavior for a week or two.”

Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-envi ronment/2023/06/08/covid-lockdowns-wildlife/. Retrieved on: June 17, 2023.

Sea turtles in Florida and turtles on the Greek island of Zakynthos are mentioned in paragraph 10 to illustrate the fact that

                      How life for animals changed when humans stayed home during the pandemic

 

[1]    Bears roaming the streets of Italy. Pumas prowling cities in California. Goats taking over towns in Wales. As people hunkered at home to stop the spread of the coronavirus in early 2020, they swapped stories online of wildlife reclaiming urban spaces outside their windows. Now a massive study of GPS tracking data on bears, deer, elephants, giraffes and some 40 other terrestrial mammals around the world confirms many animals roamed further and appeared to act more at ease without humans around.

    “It’s obvious that we’re having an impact on animal behavior,” said Marlee Tucker, an ecologist at Radboud University in the Netherlands who led the study published in the journal Science on Thursday. What is more surprising, she added, is that even “small changes in our behavior could actually be quite beneficial” for wildlife.

    The unprecedented and accidental experiment that was the coronavirus pandemic allowed the ecologists to show how perceptive other creatures are to the presence of humans — and how quickly they can alter their behavior when we aren’t bothering them. The work, which involved 175 wildlife researchers, suggests new ways to protect wildlife now that the pandemic is over — without, that is, having to urge everyone to stay at home again.

    “The most striking thing was that the responses were occurring over a very short period of time,” said Colleen Cassady St. Clair, a professor of biological sciences at the University of Alberta who was not involved in writing the paper. “And it suggests that several species are very reactive to human activity.”

[5]    A growing body of research into the slowdown in human activity during the pandemic — a brief period scientists call the “anthropause” — shows the complex ways ecosystems responded when they were suddenly devoid of people. Sometimes, the absence of humans was a beneficial reprieve for wildlife. At other times, the anthropause came at animals’ detriment.

    Like a lot of the best science, it began by accident. In the years leading up to 2020, dozens of scientists around the world put tracking collars on elephants, giraffes, bears, deer, lions and other animals for their own separate research projects. At the time, none of them suspected their data would help us understand the effects of a global health crisis. But once covid began sweeping the globe, Tucker started making calls and sending emails to researchers tracking wildlife. Having spent much of her career studying wildlife movements around humans, she and her colleagues knew the pandemic was “quite a unique opportunity.”

    In total, the GPS coordinates the team gathered from 2,300 terrestrial mammals showed a wide variety of responses, but a few trends emerged. Many animals became more adventurous during the beginning of the pandemic, traveling distances up to 73 percent longer compared to the year prior in areas with the strictest covid orders.

    Although the tracked animals roamed longer distances, they moved less during short, one-hour timespans because fewer people were around to spook them. And with fewer cars on the roads, many animals also inched closer to normally bustling thoroughfares in search of food and other resources.

 

    “That kind of blew my mind — that kind of insidious effect of traffic,” said Amanda Bates, a biology professor at the University of Victoria who helped coin the term anthropause.

[10]    For many species, the hiatus from humans was clearly a boon. Sea turtles in Florida, for instance, appeared to thrive after beachgoers packed up their umbrellas, other researchers have shown. The same was true for turtles on the Greek island of Zakynthos. But ecosystems are complicated, with humans wittingly (or unwittingly) playing a role. For instance, researchers working to protect seabirds by ridding Gough Island in the Atlantic of invasive mice had to postpone the project during the pandemic.

    For St. Clair, the ill effects road traffic has on wildlife underscores the need for physical barriers — for the protection of both animals and the people that can crash into them. “A good solution for coexistence with wildlife, especially wildlife that can inflict injuries on people, is to have quite clear segregation,” she said.

    Another lesson of the covid closures: Sometimes it’s good just to give wildlife more space to be wild. That’s especially true during key survival moments, said Tucker, the lead author on the most recent paper. It may be good to close down, say, a beach or a forest during a migratory or breeding season “so that animals can do their thing in peace,” she said. “There could be certain times of the year that we just have to shift our behavior for a week or two.”

Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-envi ronment/2023/06/08/covid-lockdowns-wildlife/. Retrieved on: June 17, 2023.

According to the text, the anthropause was a term coined by scientists to refer to the

                      How life for animals changed when humans stayed home during the pandemic

 

[1]    Bears roaming the streets of Italy. Pumas prowling cities in California. Goats taking over towns in Wales. As people hunkered at home to stop the spread of the coronavirus in early 2020, they swapped stories online of wildlife reclaiming urban spaces outside their windows. Now a massive study of GPS tracking data on bears, deer, elephants, giraffes and some 40 other terrestrial mammals around the world confirms many animals roamed further and appeared to act more at ease without humans around.

    “It’s obvious that we’re having an impact on animal behavior,” said Marlee Tucker, an ecologist at Radboud University in the Netherlands who led the study published in the journal Science on Thursday. What is more surprising, she added, is that even “small changes in our behavior could actually be quite beneficial” for wildlife.

    The unprecedented and accidental experiment that was the coronavirus pandemic allowed the ecologists to show how perceptive other creatures are to the presence of humans — and how quickly they can alter their behavior when we aren’t bothering them. The work, which involved 175 wildlife researchers, suggests new ways to protect wildlife now that the pandemic is over — without, that is, having to urge everyone to stay at home again.

    “The most striking thing was that the responses were occurring over a very short period of time,” said Colleen Cassady St. Clair, a professor of biological sciences at the University of Alberta who was not involved in writing the paper. “And it suggests that several species are very reactive to human activity.”

[5]    A growing body of research into the slowdown in human activity during the pandemic — a brief period scientists call the “anthropause” — shows the complex ways ecosystems responded when they were suddenly devoid of people. Sometimes, the absence of humans was a beneficial reprieve for wildlife. At other times, the anthropause came at animals’ detriment.

    Like a lot of the best science, it began by accident. In the years leading up to 2020, dozens of scientists around the world put tracking collars on elephants, giraffes, bears, deer, lions and other animals for their own separate research projects. At the time, none of them suspected their data would help us understand the effects of a global health crisis. But once covid began sweeping the globe, Tucker started making calls and sending emails to researchers tracking wildlife. Having spent much of her career studying wildlife movements around humans, she and her colleagues knew the pandemic was “quite a unique opportunity.”

    In total, the GPS coordinates the team gathered from 2,300 terrestrial mammals showed a wide variety of responses, but a few trends emerged. Many animals became more adventurous during the beginning of the pandemic, traveling distances up to 73 percent longer compared to the year prior in areas with the strictest covid orders.

    Although the tracked animals roamed longer distances, they moved less during short, one-hour timespans because fewer people were around to spook them. And with fewer cars on the roads, many animals also inched closer to normally bustling thoroughfares in search of food and other resources.

 

    “That kind of blew my mind — that kind of insidious effect of traffic,” said Amanda Bates, a biology professor at the University of Victoria who helped coin the term anthropause.

[10]    For many species, the hiatus from humans was clearly a boon. Sea turtles in Florida, for instance, appeared to thrive after beachgoers packed up their umbrellas, other researchers have shown. The same was true for turtles on the Greek island of Zakynthos. But ecosystems are complicated, with humans wittingly (or unwittingly) playing a role. For instance, researchers working to protect seabirds by ridding Gough Island in the Atlantic of invasive mice had to postpone the project during the pandemic.

    For St. Clair, the ill effects road traffic has on wildlife underscores the need for physical barriers — for the protection of both animals and the people that can crash into them. “A good solution for coexistence with wildlife, especially wildlife that can inflict injuries on people, is to have quite clear segregation,” she said.

    Another lesson of the covid closures: Sometimes it’s good just to give wildlife more space to be wild. That’s especially true during key survival moments, said Tucker, the lead author on the most recent paper. It may be good to close down, say, a beach or a forest during a migratory or breeding season “so that animals can do their thing in peace,” she said. “There could be certain times of the year that we just have to shift our behavior for a week or two.”

Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-envi ronment/2023/06/08/covid-lockdowns-wildlife/. Retrieved on: June 17, 2023.

In the fragment “and how quickly they can alter their behavior when we aren’t bothering them.” (paragraph 3), the boldfaced pronoun refers to

Based on the facts in the articles, the situations below would never happen, or we would never see, except one. Choose the exception.

Read Text  and answer question

 

        The curlous and Iesser-known facts about Queen Elizabeth II

 

    From washing her own dishes to sending a message to the moon... Queen Elizabeth II hadpassed away at the age of96. The announcement has saddened the nation, with droves of royal fans and celebrities taking to social media to share their condolences.

As the world mourns the loss of the longest-reigning monarch in British history, many of us are fondly looking back at her life. From her loving relationship with Prince Philip (who passed away last year at the age of 99) to her most memorable fashion moments and iconic feminist moves, there’s so much to remember about Her Majesty — and there’s still more to learn, too.

Despite being perhaps one of the most famous people on the planet, surprisingly there are still plenty of lesser-known and unexpected facts about Queen Elizabeth II, from world records to her role in WWII...

Unknown facts about Queen Elizabeth II

The Queen didn’t need a driving license to drive

Unlike the rest of us, who have to take a test (or five) in order to legally drive a car, Her Majesty followed no such rule. ln fact, the monarch is the only person in the UK who did not need to have a driver’s license in order to drive on public roads. Not only that, but The Queen did not hold a passport either — that’s because both documents were issued in her name, meaning she was not required to have either: a privilege held by the sovereign alone.

(...)

The Queen had her own private ATM

Whie it’s rare that the Queen would need access to cash, she did have a private ATM in the basement of Buckingham Palace. Courtesy of Coutts bank, the ATM is strictly for members of the Royal Family only. Fancy one for yourself? Tatler reports that banking at Coutts is free of charge, as long as you have around £1.3 million to pop into your account. That sadly rules us out, then.

The Queen volunteered as a truck driver during World War II

Before taking the throne overfrom her father, the then-Princess El,zabetlj’t volunteered as a truck driver and mechanic during World War II — making the first female member of the Royal FamiIy to serve in the military.

The Queen bought her wedding dress with ration coupons

Speaking of V’/orld War II, due to post-war austerity measures in the UK,  the then-Princess Elizabeth hadto use clothing ration coupons to purchase the material for her wedding dress. According to British Heritage,, i1f~ government allowed her 200 extra ration coupons to make the purchashe.

The Queen washed her own dishes

Given that she was more often associated with the Crown Jewels thàh~ :; a pair of Marigolds, you might be surprised to f,nd out that on m~~f occasions HerMajesty actually washed herown dishes Speak,ng toTl~tz Telegraph, royal expert and author Harry Mount recalled that a fo~?mÇer royal courtier once told him: “1 was once at a shooting lunch. At of lunch, I heard someone say, ‘I'll do the washing-up’. I turned and there was the Queen in her yellow washing-up gloves”

The Queen .sent out over 300,000 cards to her royal fans

As part of her role as head of the British Monarchy, Queen ElizabJth1ll sent over 300,000 congratulatory cards to people celebrating their 100th birthdays, and over 900,000 messages to couples marking their diamond (6Oth) wedding anniversary.

(...)

The Queen bathed every morning in seven inches of water

Yep, sounds very specific, we know. But, turns out, Her Majesty was a very specific woman In fact, every morning whilst she drank her cup on breakfast tea, the Queen’s maid would run her a bath. “The bath [had] to be exactly the right temperature: tested with a wooden-cased thermometer and no more than seven inches of water,” revealed Angela Kelly, the Queen’s former personal assistant.

(...)

The Queen sent a message to the Moon

To congratulate the Apollo 11 astronauts on the first moon lading (21 July 1969), a pre-recorded message from HerMajesty was deposited. the Moon in a metal container.

(...)

(Adapted from Cosmopolitan. Abril 22, 2022. www.cosmopolitan.com: Access Abril, 2023)

According to the text, choose the alternative that is INCORRECT: