Questões de Inglês

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In almost every discipline, success comes from a combination of talent and determination. But if you listen to most famous figures describe their life journeys, you’ll soon hear them exaggerating their hard work, while strangely diminishing the role of their innate abilities.

Thomas Edison may be the most often quoted, with his claim that “genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration”, but many other variations exist. Just consider Octavia Butler’s advice for new writers. “Forget talent. If you have it, fine. Use it. If you don’t have it, it doesn’t matter. As habit is more reliable than inspiration, continued learning is more reliable than talent.” The Portuguese footballer Cristiano Ronaldo also emphasises the blood, sweat and tears that went into his training. “Talent without work is nothing,” he said, when asked about the secrets of his success.

Such narratives may be beneficial for celebrated figures who wish to appear humble and wise. But recent psychological research shows overemphasising the importance of hard work would be prejudicial in many professional situations — thanks to a phenomenon known as the “naturalness bias”. These studies suggest people have greater respect for those with an innate gift than for those who have had to strive for their success.

In consumer psychology, the term “naturalness bias” is often used to describe our preference for natural over synthetic goods. “On some fundamental level, we believe that the closer something is to its original state, the less adulterated it is, the more desirable it is,” declared Malcolm Gladwell, the author of a study on the topic. As says Chia-Jung Tsay, a professor at University College London School, “The naturalness bias is very generalizable across domains, ages and cultures.”

(David Robson. www.bbc.com, 22.05.2023. Adaptado.)

Leia o texto para responder a questão:

In almost every discipline, success comes from a combination of talent and determination. But if you listen to most famous figures describe their life journeys, you’ll soon hear them exaggerating their hard work, while strangely diminishing the role of their innate abilities.

Thomas Edison may be the most often quoted, with his claim that “genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration”, but many other variations exist. Just consider Octavia Butler’s advice for new writers. “Forget talent. If you have it, fine. Use it. If you don’t have it, it doesn’t matter. As habit is more reliable than inspiration, continued learning is more reliable than talent.” The Portuguese footballer Cristiano Ronaldo also emphasises the blood, sweat and tears that went into his training. “Talent without work is nothing,” he said, when asked about the secrets of his success.

Such narratives may be beneficial for celebrated figures who wish to appear humble and wise. But recent psychological research shows overemphasising the importance of hard work would be prejudicial in many professional situations — thanks to a phenomenon known as the “naturalness bias”. These studies suggest people have greater respect for those with an innate gift than for those who have had to strive for their success.

In consumer psychology, the term “naturalness bias” is often used to describe our preference for natural over synthetic goods. “On some fundamental level, we believe that the closer something is to its original state, the less adulterated it is, the more desirable it is,” declared Malcolm Gladwell, the author of a study on the topic. As says Chia-Jung Tsay, a professor at University College London School, “The naturalness bias is very generalizable across domains, ages and cultures.”

(David Robson. www.bbc.com, 22.05.2023. Adaptado.)

Leia o texto para responder a questão:

In almost every discipline, success comes from a combination of talent and determination. But if you listen to most famous figures describe their life journeys, you’ll soon hear them exaggerating their hard work, while strangely diminishing the role of their innate abilities.

Thomas Edison may be the most often quoted, with his claim that “genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration”, but many other variations exist. Just consider Octavia Butler’s advice for new writers. “Forget talent. If you have it, fine. Use it. If you don’t have it, it doesn’t matter. As habit is more reliable than inspiration, continued learning is more reliable than talent.” The Portuguese footballer Cristiano Ronaldo also emphasises the blood, sweat and tears that went into his training. “Talent without work is nothing,” he said, when asked about the secrets of his success.

Such narratives may be beneficial for celebrated figures who wish to appear humble and wise. But recent psychological research shows overemphasising the importance of hard work would be prejudicial in many professional situations — thanks to a phenomenon known as the “naturalness bias”. These studies suggest people have greater respect for those with an innate gift than for those who have had to strive for their success.

In consumer psychology, the term “naturalness bias” is often used to describe our preference for natural over synthetic goods. “On some fundamental level, we believe that the closer something is to its original state, the less adulterated it is, the more desirable it is,” declared Malcolm Gladwell, the author of a study on the topic. As says Chia-Jung Tsay, a professor at University College London School, “The naturalness bias is very generalizable across domains, ages and cultures.”

(David Robson. www.bbc.com, 22.05.2023. Adaptado.)

Leia o texto para responder a questão:

In almost every discipline, success comes from a combination of talent and determination. But if you listen to most famous figures describe their life journeys, you’ll soon hear them exaggerating their hard work, while strangely diminishing the role of their innate abilities.

Thomas Edison may be the most often quoted, with his claim that “genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration”, but many other variations exist. Just consider Octavia Butler’s advice for new writers. “Forget talent. If you have it, fine. Use it. If you don’t have it, it doesn’t matter. As habit is more reliable than inspiration, continued learning is more reliable than talent.” The Portuguese footballer Cristiano Ronaldo also emphasises the blood, sweat and tears that went into his training. “Talent without work is nothing,” he said, when asked about the secrets of his success.

Such narratives may be beneficial for celebrated figures who wish to appear humble and wise. But recent psychological research shows overemphasising the importance of hard work would be prejudicial in many professional situations — thanks to a phenomenon known as the “naturalness bias”. These studies suggest people have greater respect for those with an innate gift than for those who have had to strive for their success.

In consumer psychology, the term “naturalness bias” is often used to describe our preference for natural over synthetic goods. “On some fundamental level, we believe that the closer something is to its original state, the less adulterated it is, the more desirable it is,” declared Malcolm Gladwell, the author of a study on the topic. As says Chia-Jung Tsay, a professor at University College London School, “The naturalness bias is very generalizable across domains, ages and cultures.”

(David Robson. www.bbc.com, 22.05.2023. Adaptado.)

Read Passage 1 carefully, and then answer the question.

PASSAGE 1

[1] Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the way we learn and teach, making it more
personalized, engaging, and efficient. AI in education refers to the use of artificial intelligence technologies, such
as machine learning and natural language processing, to enhance the learning experience. It involves the use of
algorithms that analyze data, identify patterns, and make predictions, enabling educators to personalize
[5] learning for each student. The potential benefits of using AI in education are significant. Personalized learning,
one of the most significant advantages of AI in education, can lead to better student outcomes, as students can
learn at their own pace and in a way that suits their learning style. Intelligent tutoring systems, chatbots, and
automated grading and assessment can increase efficiency, save teachers' time, and provide more accurate and
consistent feedback. However, there are also challenges associated with using AI in education. Privacy and
[10] security concerns, lack of trust, cost, and potential bias are some of the challenges that need to be addressed.
Ethical considerations such as ensuring accessibility, transparency, and fairness in AI-based education systems
also need to be taken into account. Despite these challenges, the potential of AI in education is immense. AI can
provide better data analysis, enabling educators to make data-driven decisions. In this review we described the
role of AI in management and promotion of education, which describes the effect of AI in the education sector.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369545925_Role_of_AI_in_Education

Read Passage 1 carefully, and then answer the question.

PASSAGE 1

[1] Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the way we learn and teach, making it more
personalized, engaging, and efficient. AI in education refers to the use of artificial intelligence technologies, such
as machine learning and natural language processing, to enhance the learning experience. It involves the use of
algorithms that analyze data, identify patterns, and make predictions, enabling educators to personalize
[5] learning for each student. The potential benefits of using AI in education are significant. Personalized learning,
one of the most significant advantages of AI in education, can lead to better student outcomes, as students can
learn at their own pace and in a way that suits their learning style. Intelligent tutoring systems, chatbots, and
automated grading and assessment can increase efficiency, save teachers' time, and provide more accurate and
consistent feedback. However, there are also challenges associated with using AI in education. Privacy and
[10] security concerns, lack of trust, cost, and potential bias are some of the challenges that need to be addressed.
Ethical considerations such as ensuring accessibility, transparency, and fairness in AI-based education systems
also need to be taken into account. Despite these challenges, the potential of AI in education is immense. AI can
provide better data analysis, enabling educators to make data-driven decisions. In this review we described the
role of AI in management and promotion of education, which describes the effect of AI in the education sector.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369545925_Role_of_AI_in_Education