Questões de Inglês

The following text refers to question.

 

Shōgun: The brutal Japanese history that inspired 2024’s latest TV hit

    There’s a stomach-churning moment in the debut episode of FX/Disney+’s Shōgun that sets the standard for the kind of brutality surely to follow. Having endured starvation, scurvy, and a captain’s suicide aboard a ravaged Dutch trade ship, pilot major John Blackthorne and his surviving crew are shipwrecked off the coast of Anjiro, only to be thrown into a pit by sword-wielding captors to await their fate. Though Blackthorne avoids execution himself, a member of his entourage is less fortunate — he’s bound and placed into a cauldron, where he is slowly boiled to death.

    This is Japan in the year 1600 — a time of great unrest after two centuries of civil wars. Here, Blackthorne — based on the real-life navigator William Adams, the first Englishman to reach Japan — must assimilate to a brutal, foreign reality as a tenuous five-regent government threatens to rupture into warring factions after the passing of the Taikō (retired Imperial regent). With Catholic missionaries providing a further antagonistic presence to the Protestant Blackthorne, his survival may depend on an alliance with Lord Yoshii Toranaga — who has seemingly himself been marked for termination by political rivals.

    In 1600, the world’s power dynamics were very different from today: Protestant England had been forced to defend Elizabeth I’s throne from invasion in 1588, with the Spanish Armada intent on reinstating Catholicism and ending English support for Dutch independence from Spain. The latter country would, by this time, be in a dynastic union with Portugal; the two powerful Iberian states had previously divided the oceanic domains beyond Europe between their vast empires with the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas. A vanguard of global exploration, Portugal discovered Japan in 1543 — and began to trade Western goods such as matchlock firearms with them while also spreading the Catholic faith via the introduction of Jesuit missionaries. This context serves as the backdrop to Blackthorne’s treacherous voyage in the opening of Shōgun.

Available in: https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20240305-shogun-tv-hit-fx-violent-japanese-history/. Adapted.

In the third paragraph of the text, the expression: “The latter country” refers to:

The following text refers to question.

 

Shōgun: The brutal Japanese history that inspired 2024’s latest TV hit

    There’s a stomach-churning moment in the debut episode of FX/Disney+’s Shōgun that sets the standard for the kind of brutality surely to follow. Having endured starvation, scurvy, and a captain’s suicide aboard a ravaged Dutch trade ship, pilot major John Blackthorne and his surviving crew are shipwrecked off the coast of Anjiro, only to be thrown into a pit by sword-wielding captors to await their fate. Though Blackthorne avoids execution himself, a member of his entourage is less fortunate — he’s bound and placed into a cauldron, where he is slowly boiled to death.

    This is Japan in the year 1600 — a time of great unrest after two centuries of civil wars. Here, Blackthorne — based on the real-life navigator William Adams, the first Englishman to reach Japan — must assimilate to a brutal, foreign reality as a tenuous five-regent government threatens to rupture into warring factions after the passing of the Taikō (retired Imperial regent). With Catholic missionaries providing a further antagonistic presence to the Protestant Blackthorne, his survival may depend on an alliance with Lord Yoshii Toranaga — who has seemingly himself been marked for termination by political rivals.

    In 1600, the world’s power dynamics were very different from today: Protestant England had been forced to defend Elizabeth I’s throne from invasion in 1588, with the Spanish Armada intent on reinstating Catholicism and ending English support for Dutch independence from Spain. The latter country would, by this time, be in a dynastic union with Portugal; the two powerful Iberian states had previously divided the oceanic domains beyond Europe between their vast empires with the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas. A vanguard of global exploration, Portugal discovered Japan in 1543 — and began to trade Western goods such as matchlock firearms with them while also spreading the Catholic faith via the introduction of Jesuit missionaries. This context serves as the backdrop to Blackthorne’s treacherous voyage in the opening of Shōgun.

Available in: https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20240305-shogun-tv-hit-fx-violent-japanese-history/. Adapted.

In the first line of the text, a “stomach-churning moment” can be described as a sensation that is:

Text 3 is part of an article entitled "The Funny Bone (also known as The Ulnar Nerve) Is No Laughter Matter", published by Neurosurgical Associates of Central Jersey. The words in box 1 were removed from the text. Fill in the blanks using each word only once.

 

Box 1

Text 3

 

What’s so funny about the funny bone? (I) __________, nothing. This is what you (II) __________ conclude if you (III) __________ hit just the right spot on your elbow. (IV) __________, a shocking, tingling pain shoots right down your elbow, into your hand.

(Source: The Funny Bone (aka The Ulnar Nerve) Is No Laughing Matter - NEURO (neurosurgerycnj.com), retrieved on April 15th, 2024)

 

Mark the alternative which coherently and cohesively completes the blanks, according to the original text.

Read the excerpt below taken from an article about Mental Health, and answer the question that follows.

 

Text 2

 

Playing with dogs helps people concentrate and relax, brain recordings show

 

Plenty of research has investigated the bond between humans and dogs, demonstrating that canine companions can improve people’s moods, reduce blood pressure and lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol. Just looking dogs in the eye may even boost levels of oxytocin, a hormone associated with feelings of love and trust.

 

But few past studies have pinpointed what happens in people’s brains when they interact with a furry friend. [...]

(Source: Playing with dogs helps people concentrate and relax, brain recordingsshow(nbcnews.com, retrieved on April 15th, 2024))

 

In text 2, the expression furry friend means:

Analyze the advertisement below.

(Source: 20 Health Ads Examples & Medical Posters Designs (creatopy.com), retrieved on April 15th, 2024)

 

Note: The sentence at the bottom of the ad, inside the box, on the left side of the word "CURAPROX" reads:

 

"Latest studies show a direct link 
between cavities and heart attacks. 
Brush your teeth after every meal 
to prevent cavities." 

 

The message this ad intends to deliver to its audience is:

The following text is reference to question.

 

In April, Australian Tim Shaddock and his dog Bella set off from La Paz, Mexico. The 51-year-old man wanted to travel to French Polynesia in his boat, but he got into trouble.

In May, storms damaged the boat’s electronics, and Shaddock and his dog were left stranded in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The pair survived only thanks to drinking rainwater and eating raw fish.

Finally, a helicopter spotted the boat and the pair is now on their way back to Mexico. Both the man and his dog seemed well, but Shaddock will undergo a health check when he is in Mexico.

Available in: https://www.newsinlevels.com/products

According to the text, it is correct to say that when Tim Shaddock and his dog were in the middle of the Pacific Ocean: