Questões de Inglês

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STEPHENS, Mary. New Proficiency writing. London: Pearson, 2002

O texto a seguir serve de base para responder à questão.

STEPHENS, Mary. New Proficiency writing. London: Pearson, 2002

Gentrification

Gentrification is a process of change currently underway in many American cities. Gentrification brings conflict between longtime residents of old neighborhoods and new arrivals.

Gentrification in Bushwick

Gentrification is underway in many U.S. neighborhoods like Bushwick in Brooklyn, New York. This process can disrupt the traditional makeup of a neighborhood with the influx of wealthier people moving into downtrodden, largely minority, urban neighborhoods

PHOTOGRAPH BY ANDREW LICHTENSTEIN /CORBIS VIA GETTY IMAGES.

Gentrification describes a process where wealthy, college-educated individuals begin to move into poor or working-class communities, often originally occupied by communities of color. The people and businesses that move into gentrifying neighborhoods may have goals for their new homes that are at odds with the goals of people who have lived there for a long time. Rising costs of living and a changing community culture can make for a difficult adjustment for longtime residents. These changes may drive out people of color and minority-owned businesses. At the same time, gentrification brings much needed investment into long-neglected areas. Gentrification is thus a complicated issue that involves many different stakeholders and perspectives.

The poor communities of color who tend to inhabit neighborhoods targeted for gentrification were often the victims of unfair housing policies from the end of World War II. During the postwar economic boom, many suburbs appeared, located on the outskirts of cities. They provided the advantages of urban environments without the disadvantages of living in close proximity to others. In order to encourage people to move into suburbs, real estate brokers practiced something called blockbusting. They encouraged black families to pay a premium to move into particular urban neighborhoods so that white families would sell their houses at a low price to move out to the suburbs. After this process was complete, the new majority-African American communities were denied the money they needed to invest in improvements to their neighborhoods through a practice called redlining. These factors combined to reduce opportunities in many urban areas. As a result, the low cost of moving into those neighborhoods opened them up to gentrification.

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/gentrification/

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The Tell-Tale Heart

    TRUE! NERVOUS very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am! but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses--not destroyed--not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? Hearken! and observe how healthily--how calmly I can tell you the whole story.

    It is impossible to say how first the idea entered my brain; but once conceived, it haunted me day and night. Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire. I think it was his eye! yes, it was this! He had the eye of a vulture--a pale blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so by degrees--very gradually--I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever.

Excerpt from the book The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe. Disponível em: https://poemuseum.org/the-tell-tale-heart/. Acesso em: 21 mai. 2024.

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New species of ‘pumpkin toadlet’ poisonous frog discovered in Brazil

    It’s poisonous, it glows green under ultraviolet light and it’s bright orange. This is a new species of poisonous frog found by researchers in the mountains of Brazil. A research team studying the differences between populations of pumpkin toadlets discovered the new species in the southern Mantiqueira mountains in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest. The discovery followed two years of field surveys at the Projeto Dacnis reserve and Reserva das Araucárias, both in the state of São Paulo. The frog, named Brachycephalus rotenbergae, is differentiated from other pumpkin toadlets by its more rounded snout, dark spots on its head and a different acoustic profile to its song which are unlike those of pumpkin toadlets already described. They also suggested its bright orange colors could be more important for communication than its song. Some species of pumpkin toadlets are unable to hear even their own calls. When exposed to ultraviolet light, parts of the frog’s head and abdomen are seen glowing neon green, though the scientists said they still don’t know why. The toadlets secrete a poison called tetrodotoxin, which is the same toxin found in fugu fish. The team aims to conduct further research on the bright orange toadlets to learn why they are fluorescent and also to monitor them for conservation purposes. “There’s an idea that fluorescence acts as signals for potential mates, to signal to rival males or some other biological role,” Professor Nunes said according to the Smithsonian Magazine. Though the species does not appear to be endangered, the scientists warned that growing numbers of feral boar in the area could pose a problem to the pumpkin toadlets in the future, and further monitoring is planned.

Disponível em: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/pumpkin-toadlet-poisonous frog-brazil-b1839762.html. Acesso em: 15 de set. 2023. [Adaptado]

Read the excerpt to answer the question.

New species of ‘pumpkin toadlet’ poisonous frog discovered in Brazil

    It’s poisonous, it glows green under ultraviolet light and it’s bright orange. This is a new species of poisonous frog found by researchers in the mountains of Brazil. A research team studying the differences between populations of pumpkin toadlets discovered the new species in the southern Mantiqueira mountains in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest. The discovery followed two years of field surveys at the Projeto Dacnis reserve and Reserva das Araucárias, both in the state of São Paulo. The frog, named Brachycephalus rotenbergae, is differentiated from other pumpkin toadlets by its more rounded snout, dark spots on its head and a different acoustic profile to its song which are unlike those of pumpkin toadlets already described. They also suggested its bright orange colors could be more important for communication than its song. Some species of pumpkin toadlets are unable to hear even their own calls. When exposed to ultraviolet light, parts of the frog’s head and abdomen are seen glowing neon green, though the scientists said they still don’t know why. The toadlets secrete a poison called tetrodotoxin, which is the same toxin found in fugu fish. The team aims to conduct further research on the bright orange toadlets to learn why they are fluorescent and also to monitor them for conservation purposes. “There’s an idea that fluorescence acts as signals for potential mates, to signal to rival males or some other biological role,” Professor Nunes said according to the Smithsonian Magazine. Though the species does not appear to be endangered, the scientists warned that growing numbers of feral boar in the area could pose a problem to the pumpkin toadlets in the future, and further monitoring is planned.

Disponível em: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/pumpkin-toadlet-poisonous frog-brazil-b1839762.html. Acesso em: 15 de set. 2023. [Adaptado]