Questões de Inglês

For many years, people believed that the brain, like the body, rested during sleep. After all, we are rendered unconscious by sleep. Perhaps, it was thought, the brain just needs to stop thinking for a few hours every day. Wrong. During sleep, our brain – the organ that directs us to sleep – is itself extraordinarily active. And much of that activity helps the brain to learn, to remember and to make connections.

 

It wasn’t so long ago that the rueful joke in research circles was that everyone knew sleep had something to do with memory – except for the people who study sleep and the people who study memory. Then, in 1994, Israeli researchers reported that the average performance for a group of people on a memory test improved when the test was repeated after a break of many hours – during which some subjects slept and others did not. In 2000, a Harvard team demonstrated that this improvement occurred only during sleep.

(Newsweek, May 4, 2009, p.33)

De acordo com o texto, durante o sono, o cérebro

Transcrição do texto do cartaz:

On Earth Day, make one cup matter. One tumbler used in place of one disposable cupcan help reduce millions in paper and plastic consumption. Join us in this cause and we’ll take P40 off the price of your beverage when you use your tumbler at any Starbucks store in the Philippines on April 22 & 23.

 

No cartaz, as expressões “Let’s” e “Join us” indicam aos consumidores:

While in Copenhagen, Lula was also very strategic in his country's presentation before the committee. He brushed aside concerns of violence and crime in Rio, and to the president's credit, the Olympic Committee praised Brazil for recent security improvements. Lula also claimed that the Olympics would help build Brazil, and especially the city of Rio de Janeiro, by providing jobs for the poor, integrating civil society, and building a spirit of peace and cooperation through sport. Such a prospect no doubt appealed to the committee as this goal was one of the original touted benefits of the modern Olympics Games, dating back to their genesis at the end of the 19th century. Most important, though, was Lula's argument that Brazil deserved and needed the Olympics. Richer countries had had their turn, Lula said, and now it was Brazil's chance. Brazil ranks 10th among the world's wealthiest countries, but it is the only one of them never to have hosted the games. It will be the first South American country to do so. International sports tend to mirror politics. Today's decision will reveal, yet again, that Brazil is an emerging power, and that it has the talent, infrastructural capacity, and political commitment needed to play competitively in global political (and athletic) games. Such an endorsement will only boost Lula's ability to shape international discussions and forge closer ties with other foreign leaders. Perhaps since Lula visited Beijing in 2008 and publicly supported the government's efforts, the president of China will return the favor in 2016. There's also a larger story to tell about today's decision, one that speaks to other emerging nations on the brink of global power. Like Brazil, India's and South Africa's governments still confront a high degree of poverty, inequality, and weak infrastructure -- especially in rural areas. Like South Africa, recent winning bid for the soccer World Cup, Brazil's win shows that effective presidential stewardship, fearless competition, and a bit of strategy pays off at the international level and at home. Let the games begin!

All the sentences below are in the passive voice, EXCEPT

Gay Marriage

In recent years, the debate over same-sex marriage has grown from an issue that occasionally arose in a few states to a nationwide controversy. Indeed, in the last five years, the debate over gay marriage has been heard in the halls of the U.S. Congress, at the White House, in dozens of state legislatures and courtrooms, and in the rhetoric of election campaigns at both the national and state levels. Moreover, the battle over whether gays and lesbians should be allowed to wed shows no signs of abating. In the last year alone, three states have banned same-sex marriage and four states have legalized the practice. As the debate rages on, the American religious community remains deeply divided over the issue.

“Gay marriage” the pew forum on religion & public life. <http:/ /pewforum.org/gay-marriage/>. Online. August 31, 2009.

The main theme of the text is:

Os aparelhos eletrônicos contam com um número cada vez maior de recursos. O autor do desenho detalha os diferentes acessórios e características de um celular e, a julgar pela maneira como os descreve, ele

Hip hop music

Hip hop music is a musical genre which developed as part of hip hop culture, and is defined by key stylistic elements such as rapping, DJing, sampling (or synthesis), scratching and beatboxing. Hip hop began in the South Bronx of New York City in the 1970s. The term rap is often used synonymously with hip hop, but hip hop denotes the practices of an entire subculture.

Disponível em: http://en.wikipedia.org. Acesso em: 8 jul. 2010.

 

Brazilian hip hop is one of the world?s major hip hop scenes, with active rap, break dance, and grafitti scenes, especially in São Paulo, where groups tend to have a more internacional style, influenced by old school hip hop and gangsta rap.

Brazilian rap has served as a reflection of political, social, and racial issues plaguing the disenfranchised youth in the suburbs of São Paulo and Rio. The lyrical content, band names, and song names used by Brazilian hip hop artists often connote the socio–political issues surrounding their communities.

Disponível em: http://en.wikipedia.org. Acesso em: 8 jul. 2010 (fragmento).

Sendo a música uma das formas de manifestação cultural de um país, o rap brasileiro, a partir das informações do texto, tem sido caracterizado