Questões de Inglês

  Europe’s economic distress could be China’s opportunity. In the past, the country has proved a hesitant investor in the continent, but figures show a 30 percent surge in new Chinese projects in Europe last year. And these days Europe looks ever more tempting. Bargains proliferate as the yuan strengthens and cashstrapped governments forget concerns over foreign ownership of key assets. On a recent visit to Greece, Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang sealed 14 deals, reportedly the largest Chinese investment package in Europe, covering a range of sectors from construction to telecoms. 

  Meanwhile, Irish authorities have opened talks with Chinese promoters to develop a 240-hectare industrial park in central Ireland where Chinese manufacturers could operate inside the European Union free of quotas and costly tariffs. In time, that could bring 10,000 new jobs. “It’s good business,” says Vanessa Rossi, an authority on China at the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London. “There’s big mutual benefit here.” Europe needs money; China needs markets.

Newsweek, July 19, 2010, p. 6. Adaptado.

Segundo o texto, a China

  The perils of counterfeit drugs go way beyond being ripped off by dubious online pill-pushers. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50 per cent of all medicines sold online are worthless counterfeits. In developing nations fake pills may account for as much as 30 per cent of all drugs on the market. Even in the developed world, 1 per cent of medicines bought over the counter are fakes.

  Some key events illustrate the risk these pose. In Nigeria, 2500 children died in 1995 after receiving fake meningitis vaccines. In Haiti, Bangladesh and Nigeria, around 400 people died in 1998 after being given paracetamol that had been prepared with diethylene glycol – a solvent used in wallpaper stripper. The fakers are nothing if not market-aware: in the face of an outbreak of H5N1 bird flu in 2005, they began offering fake Tamiflu.  

  What can be done? The WHO coordinates an umbrella body called the International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce (IMPACT), an industry initiative that issues alerts when it finds anomalies in the medicine supply chain. Such events include sudden drops in wholesale prices, hinting at fakes coming onto the market, or the mimicking of anti-counterfeiting features on packaging, such as holograms or barcodes, says Nimo Ahmed, head of intelligence at the UK’s Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency

New Scientist, 10 July 2010, p. 18. Adaptado. 

Segundo o texto, para conter a venda de medicamentos falsificados, a Organização Mundial da Saúde

  The perils of counterfeit drugs go way beyond being ripped off by dubious online pill-pushers. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50 per cent of all medicines sold online are worthless counterfeits. In developing nations fake pills may account for as much as 30 per cent of all drugs on the market. Even in the developed world, 1 per cent of medicines bought over the counter are fakes.

  Some key events illustrate the risk these pose. In Nigeria, 2500 children died in 1995 after receiving fake meningitis vaccines. In Haiti, Bangladesh and Nigeria, around 400 people died in 1998 after being given paracetamol that had been prepared with diethylene glycol – a solvent used in wallpaper stripper. The fakers are nothing if not market-aware: in the face of an outbreak of H5N1 bird flu in 2005, they began offering fake Tamiflu.  

  What can be done? The WHO coordinates an umbrella body called the International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce (IMPACT), an industry initiative that issues alerts when it finds anomalies in the medicine supply chain. Such events include sudden drops in wholesale prices, hinting at fakes coming onto the market, or the mimicking of anti-counterfeiting features on packaging, such as holograms or barcodes, says Nimo Ahmed, head of intelligence at the UK’s Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency

New Scientist, 10 July 2010, p. 18. Adaptado. 

De acordo com o texto, medicamentos falsificados, em geral,

Leia os textos e responda à questão.

 

TEXTO 01

 

New law claims fetuses feel pain

 

Can fetuses feel pain – and if so, when? The questions have long been debated by scientists and are key for 
opponents of abortion. But this week Nebraska became the first US state to restrict abortion on that basis.  

    The Nebraska law, passed on 13 April, lays out several arguments about fetal pain. Each was contradicted 
last month in a letter to the Nebraska legislature by Mark Rosen of the University California, San Francisco, 
[5] co-author of a 2005 review on the subject. 

    The law states that at 20 weeks a fetus “has the physical structures necessary to experience pain”. But 
Rosen argues that fetuses don’t have the brain connections needed to feel pain until about 29 weeks. 

    The law also claims that after 20 weeks fetuses have reflex responses to evade painful stimuli. Rosen 
counters that these responses are involuntary, and, like “knee-jerk” reflexes, don’t correspond to pain. 

[10]    Vivette Glover of Imperial College London says that fetuses may feel pain at 20 weeks, but they can be 
given anaesthetics in any case. 

    Rosen and others believe the law is designed to provoke a legal challenge from LeRoy Carhart, a surgeon 
who performs late-term abortions in Nebraska. This could take the claims of fetal pain to the US Supreme Court, 
which has the power to overturn the Roe vs Wade ruling of 1973 that gave US women almost unrestricted 
[15] access to abortion.

(NewScientist, 24 April 2010.)

 

TEXTO 02

 

Fetuses have their own immunity

 

Fetuses aren’t as defenceless as they seem – they may be armed to fight off viruses long before birth.

    It was thought that fetal immune cells were too immature to be useful and that fetuses and newborns relied 
on antibodies provided by their mothers. Now David Vermijlen at the Institute for Medical Immunology in 
Brussels, Belgium, and his colleagues have shown that fetuses just 21 weeks old may be capable of fending off 
[5] infections using their own immune cells. This could lead to new vaccines for newborns and unborn babies. 

    Vermijlen’s team analysed cord blood from 19 newborns infected with cytomegalovirus (CMV) – which can 
cause serious symptoms in infected infants and give fetuses brain damage – and 22 uninfected newborns. The 
team found that the number of gamma delta T-cells was higher in the CMV-infected babies, and that a greater 
proportion of these immune cells were activated. 

[10]    When the team compared the types of immune cells activated in the fetus with those in the mother, there 
were clear differences, suggesting that fetuses generate an independent immune response to CMV (Journal of 
Experimental Medicine, DOI: 10.1084/jem.20090348). 

(NewScientist , 1 May 2010.)

Leia o terceiro parágrafo dos textos 01 e 02 e marque a opção CORRETA.

Leia os textos e responda à questão.

 

TEXTO 01

 

New law claims fetuses feel pain

 

Can fetuses feel pain – and if so, when? The questions have long been debated by scientists and are key for 
opponents of abortion. But this week Nebraska became the first US state to restrict abortion on that basis.  

    The Nebraska law, passed on 13 April, lays out several arguments about fetal pain. Each was contradicted 
last month in a letter to the Nebraska legislature by Mark Rosen of the University California, San Francisco, 
[5] co-author of a 2005 review on the subject. 

    The law states that at 20 weeks a fetus “has the physical structures necessary to experience pain”. But 
Rosen argues that fetuses don’t have the brain connections needed to feel pain until about 29 weeks. 

    The law also claims that after 20 weeks fetuses have reflex responses to evade painful stimuli. Rosen 
counters that these responses are involuntary, and, like “knee-jerk” reflexes, don’t correspond to pain. 

[10]    Vivette Glover of Imperial College London says that fetuses may feel pain at 20 weeks, but they can be 
given anaesthetics in any case. 

    Rosen and others believe the law is designed to provoke a legal challenge from LeRoy Carhart, a surgeon 
who performs late-term abortions in Nebraska. This could take the claims of fetal pain to the US Supreme Court, 
which has the power to overturn the Roe vs Wade ruling of 1973 that gave US women almost unrestricted 
[15] access to abortion.

(NewScientist, 24 April 2010.)

 

TEXTO 02

 

Fetuses have their own immunity

 

Fetuses aren’t as defenceless as they seem – they may be armed to fight off viruses long before birth.

    It was thought that fetal immune cells were too immature to be useful and that fetuses and newborns relied 
on antibodies provided by their mothers. Now David Vermijlen at the Institute for Medical Immunology in 
Brussels, Belgium, and his colleagues have shown that fetuses just 21 weeks old may be capable of fending off 
[5] infections using their own immune cells. This could lead to new vaccines for newborns and unborn babies. 

    Vermijlen’s team analysed cord blood from 19 newborns infected with cytomegalovirus (CMV) – which can 
cause serious symptoms in infected infants and give fetuses brain damage – and 22 uninfected newborns. The 
team found that the number of gamma delta T-cells was higher in the CMV-infected babies, and that a greater 
proportion of these immune cells were activated. 

[10]    When the team compared the types of immune cells activated in the fetus with those in the mother, there 
were clear differences, suggesting that fetuses generate an independent immune response to CMV (Journal of 
Experimental Medicine, DOI: 10.1084/jem.20090348). 

(NewScientist , 1 May 2010.)

Com base na leitura dos textos New law claims fetuses feel pain (texto 01) e Fetuses have their own immunity (texto 02), marque a opção que contém a informação CORRETA.

TEXTO

Disponível em: http://garfield.com/comics/vault.html. Acesso em: 8 set. 2009. (Adaptado).

 

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