Questões de Inglês

Researchers in Britain say they have found evidence that chemicals present in underwater coral could help protect humans against sunburn. They hope to be able to make a sunscreen pill.

5 Coral is an animal that thrives in shallow water, where it can absorb vital sunlight, but that also makes it vulnerable to strong ultraviolet rays. It’s long been known that algae living inside coral produces a sunscreen that protects it. But the team from King’s College in London

10 says this is the first time they have got close to using that chemical to create something similar for humans. After studying samples from the Great Barrier Reef they found that fish feeding off the coral are also able to withstand powerful ultraviolet rays, leading them to believe

15 that the protective amino acids — the key ingredient — pass up the food chain. Tests on human skin could take place within two years, though the scientists say it could take them a lot longer to work out whether the protective chemical can be turned into tablet form.

 

Coral may help sunburn prevention. Disponível em: <www.bbc.co.uk/>. Acesso em: 12 out. 2012.

 

The researchers “believe that the protective amino acids […] pass up the food chain.” (l. 14-16)

 

It should be understood that the amino acids

Amazon tribes

 

The Amazon is the world’s largest rainforest. It is also the ancestral home of one million Indians. They are divided into about 400 tribes, each with its own language, culture and territory. Many have had contact with outsiders for almost 500 years. Others – ‘uncontacted’ tribes – have had no contact at all.

• How do they live?

Most Indians live in settled villages by the rivers, and grow vegetables and fruits like manioc, corn, beans and bananas. They also hunt and fish, using plant-based poisons to stun the fish. Some tribes use shotguns for hunting, others use bows and arrows, spears, or blowguns with darts tipped with curare. Only a few Amazonian tribes are nomadic; they tend to live deep in the forest away from the rivers. They grow some crops but rely more on hunting and gathering.

• ___________ their problems?

Almost all the Indians’ problems revolve around land: outsiders either want their land, or something on or underneath it. The key threats are a massive boom in oil and gas exploration, rampant illegal logging and the rapid spread of ranching and farming.

(www.survivalinternational.org. Adaptado.)

No trecho do primeiro parágrafo – Many have had contact with outsiders for almost 500 years. –, a palavra many refere-se a

Read this extract from the “New York Times”.

 

NY Times to launch Portuguese news site for Brazil

 

NEW YORK: The New York Times has announced that it will launch an online Portuguese-language edition designed for Brazil in 2013.

"The new web edition will provide Times-quality content to an audience in Brazil that is educated, affluent and connected with the rest of the world". The US media group said in a statement released Sunday.

"It will feature English to Portuguese translations of the best of The Times's award winning journalism alongside original work by local writers contributing to The Times."

The launch, which comes ahead of the 2014 Football World Cup and the 2016 Olympics in Brazil, is part of a push to expand the newspaper company's global reach.

The new site will publish 30 to 40 articles per day on the site along with photography. About one third of the reporting will be original content designed specifically for the Brazil site.

"Brazil is an international hub for business that boasts a robust economy, which has brought more and more people into the middle class," said Arthur Sulzberger Jr, chairman of The New York Times Co.

"As the world gets smaller and digital technology enables us to reach around the globe to attract readers with an interest in high quality news, Brazil is a perfect place for The New York Times to take the next step in expanding our global reach."

Earlier this year, The Times launched a beta Chinese-language Web site which according to the company "has seen rapid adoption by readers in China" and will officially launch next month. The leading US quality newspaper has been making a concerted effort to attract more readers online, amid declining print subscriptions.

source: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com

Now answer the following the question:

What is the main idea of this passage?

  Cyberbullying is harassment through electronic  means such as telephone text messages, social media  such as Facebook and Twitter or online blogs and bulletin  boards. In normal bullying, students are given a daily  break from the torment as bully and victim each go to their  separate homes. But for victims of cyberbullying, there is  no reprieve, as the abuse enters into their private lives. In  the US, there are at least 44 states that have anti-bullying  laws on the books. While only six of them use the actual  word “cyberbullying", 31 others have laws that specifically  mention “electronic harassment". 

  Prosecution in the UK is a little more difficult. While  all schools are required to have anti-bullying policies  in place, cyberbullying itself is not named as a criminal  offence. Offenders in the UK would have to be charged  under various other laws, including the Protection from  Harassment Act of 2003. This makes prosecution much  more difficult. 

  Authorities agree that in order to stop cyberbullying,  there has to be parental involvement. Parents need to  be vigilant about their children's access to technology.  They should monitor their children's use of social media,  especially children under the age of 14. Bullies are not  going to simply disappear, but parents can go a long way  in protecting their children from being bullied.  Go! English, ano II, n. 14 (fragmento).

De acordo com o texto, nos Estados Unidos, alguns estados têm leis específicas para assédio via meios eletrônicos. Já no Reino Unido, a instauração de processos contra praticantes de cyberbullying é mais difícil porque

The art of happiness 

Nearly every time you see him, he's laughing or at  least smiling. And he makes everyone else around him  feel like smiling. He's the Dalai Lama, the spiritual and  temporal leader of Tibet, a Nobel Prize winner, and an  increasingly popular speaker and statesman. Why is he  so popular? Even after spending only a few minutes in  his presence you can't help feeling happier. If you ask  him if he's happy, even though he's suffered the loss of  his country, the Dalai Lama will give you an unconditional  yes. What's more, he'll tell you that happiness is the  purpose of life, and that “the very motion of our life is  towards happiness". How to get there has always been  the question. He's tried to answer it before, but he's never  had the help of a psychiatrist to get the message across in  a context we can easily understand. 

LAMA, D.; CUTLER, H. The Art of Happiness: a handbook for living. Putnam Books, 1998.

Pelo título e pela sinopse do livro de Lama e Cutler, constata-se que o tema da obra é

Placas como a da gravura são usadas para orientar os usuários de um espaço urbano. Essa placa, especificamente, tem a função de avisar que somente