Questões de Inglês

TEXT I

 

JOBS AT HIGH RISK

 

It is an invisible force that goes by many names.

Computerization. Automation. Artificial intelligence.

Technology. Innovation. And, everyone's favorite,

ROBOTS.

[5]  Whatever name you prefer, some form of it has

been stimulating progress and killing jobs — from tailors

to paralegals — for centuries. But this time is different:

nearly half of American jobs today could be automated in

"a decade or two". The question is: which half?

[10]  Another way of posing the same question is:

Where do machines work better than people? Tractors

are more powerful than farmers. Robotic arms are

stronger and more tireless than assembly-line workers.

But in the past 30 years, software and robots have

[15]  succeeded replacing a particular kind of occupation: the

average-wage, middle-skill, routine-heavy worker,

especially in manufacturing and office administration.

Indeed, it's projected that the next wave of

computer progress will continue to endanger human

[20]  work where it already has: manufacturing, administrative

support, retail, and transportation. Most remaining

factory jobs are "likely to diminish over the next

decades". Cashiers, counter clerks, and telemarketers

are similarly endangered. On the other hand, health care

[25]  workers, people responsible for our safety, and

management positions are the least likely to be

automated.

 

The next big thing

[30]  We might be on the edge of an innovating

moment in robotics and artificial intelligence. Although

the past 30 years have reduced the middle, high- and

low-skill jobs have actually increased, as if protected

from the invading armies of robots by their own moats.

[35]  Higher-skill workers have been protected by a kind of

social-intelligence moat. Computers are historically good

at executing routines, but they're bad at finding patterns,

communicating with people, and making decisions,

which is what managers are paid to do. This is why

[40]  some people think managers are, for the moment, one of

the largest categories immune to the fast wave of AI.

Meanwhile, lower-skill workers have been

protected by the Moravec moat. Hans Moravec was a

futurist who pointed out that machine technology copied

[45] a savant infant: Machines could do long math equations

instantly and beat anybody in chess, but they can't

answer a simple question or walk up a flight of stairs. As

a result, not skilled work done by people without much

education (like home health care workers, or fast-food

[50]  attendants) have been saved, too.

 

The human half

In the 19th century, new manufacturing

technology replaced what was then skilled labor. In the

[55]  second half of the 20th century, however, software

technology took the place of median-salaried office work.

The first wave showed that machines are better at

assembling things. The second showed that machines

are better at organizing things. Now data analytics and

[60]  self-driving cars suggest they might be better at patternrecognition

and driving. So what are we better at?

The safest industries and jobs are dominated by

managers, health-care workers, and a super-category

that includes education, media, and community service.

[65]  One conclusion to draw from this is that humans are,

and will always be, superior at working with, and caring

for other humans. In this light, automation doesn't make

the world worse. Far from it: it creates new opportunities

for human creativity.

[70]  But robots are already creeping into diagnostics

and surgeries. Schools are already experimenting with

software that replaces teaching hours. The fact that

some industries have been safe from automation for the

last three decades doesn't guarantee that they'll be safe

[75]  for the next one.

It would be anxious enough if we knew exactly

which jobs are next in line for automation. The truth is

scarier. We don't really have a clue.

 

(Adapted from http://www.businessinsider.com/robots-overtakingamerican- jobs-2014-1)

According to the first paragraph, robots can be _____ by many names.

Directions: Answer question according to TEXT.

 

TEXT 

 

DANCING EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN BODY

 

  These days, people love to watch other people

dance. Competitive dance shows, like “So you think you

 can dance” and “Dancing with the stars”, are dominating

the world of reality television. So, if you get off the sofa

[5]  and dance, you can keep your body and mind healthy.

Studies show that dancing can improve your heart

health, helps you lose weight and stay flexible, reduces

stress and can also help you get old in a pleasant way.

  Dancing, as an aerobic exercise, can reduce the

[10]  risk of heart problems and high blood pressure. You can

learn ballroom dancing, participate in a dance-fitness

class or dance with a video in your house. There are

many ways to enjoy dancing and get a good aerobic

exercise at the same time.

[15]   Dance training helps you to lose weight. The

number of calories burned per hour depends on the type

of dance and the weight of the dancer. Observe the chart

below.

 

 

[25] 

  Another good effect is that dancing works on the
part of the brain that controls memory – hippocampus.
So, what are you waiting for? Let's dance!

(Adapted from www.everydayhealth.com and www.livestrong.com)

 

Glossary:
health - “saúde”
ballroom dancing - “dança de salão”
to lose weight - “perder peso”
to improve - “melhorar”
calories burned – “calorias queimadas”

The opposite of never (line 9) is

Directions: Answer question according to TEXT.

 

TEXT 

 

DANCING EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN BODY

 

  These days, people love to watch other people

dance. Competitive dance shows, like “So you think you

 can dance” and “Dancing with the stars”, are dominating

the world of reality television. So, if you get off the sofa

[5]  and dance, you can keep your body and mind healthy.

Studies show that dancing can improve your heart

health, helps you lose weight and stay flexible, reduces

stress and can also help you get old in a pleasant way.

  Dancing, as an aerobic exercise, can reduce the

[10]  risk of heart problems and high blood pressure. You can

learn ballroom dancing, participate in a dance-fitness

class or dance with a video in your house. There are

many ways to enjoy dancing and get a good aerobic

exercise at the same time.

[15]   Dance training helps you to lose weight. The

number of calories burned per hour depends on the type

of dance and the weight of the dancer. Observe the chart

below.

 

 

[25] 

  Another good effect is that dancing works on the
part of the brain that controls memory – hippocampus.
So, what are you waiting for? Let's dance!

(Adapted from www.everydayhealth.com and www.livestrong.com)

 

Glossary:
health - “saúde”
ballroom dancing - “dança de salão”
to lose weight - “perder peso”
to improve - “melhorar”
calories burned – “calorias queimadas”

According to the chart, mark the correct alternative.

Walking or cycling to work instead of driving a car can improve people’s feelings of health and happiness. That’s what a study at the University of East Anglia in the UK suggests. For many people commuting is a necessary evil. Most see going by car or van as the ‘least worst’ option. This study by the researchers at the University of East Anglia challenges that assumption. It suggests walking, cycling or travelling

5 by public transport can lift the mood. Crucially, it suggests those who switch from the car to an active commute feel better across a range of psychological measures, including concentration, decision making and the ability to face up to problems.  The researchers say policies encouraging people to leave their cars at home could have a dramatic impact on public wellbeing.

Walk or cycle for ‘a happier commute’. Disponível em: <www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/language/wordsinthenews/2014/09/ 140915_witn_cycling.shtml>. Acesso em: 15 nov. 2014.

 

The adjective “worst” (l. 3) is the superlative degree of

Jurassic World breaks box office record

 

    Jurassic World broke box office records around the world. It is the first movie to make more than $500 million on its opening weekend. It made $204 million in the USA and $100 million in China. A movie expert said everyone was surprised. He said: “No one saw this coming.” Most people thought the film would make $100 million in the USA. The movie The Avengers has the record for the most successful movie on an opening weekend in the US.

    Jurassic World is part four in the Jurassic Park series. The first was in 1993. The latest movie was the most popular film in the 66 countries where it was released. One reason is because many parents who watched the first Jurassic Park when they were children took their own kids to see Jurassic World. Another reason is because the movie opened in China and in the US on the same weekend. China is the world’s second biggest film market.

(www.breakingnewsenglish.com)

Na frase do segundo parágrafo “One reason is because many parents who watched the first Jurassic Park when they were children took their own kids to see Jurassic World”, a palavra em destaque refere-se a

Jurassic World breaks box office record

 

Jurassic World broke box office records around the world. It is the first movie to make more than $500 million on its opening weekend. It made $204 million in the USA and $100 million in China. A movie expert said everyone was surprised. He said: “No one saw this coming.” Most people thought the film would make $100 million in the USA. The movie The Avengers has the record for the most successful movie on an opening weekend in the US.

Jurassic World is part four in the Jurassic Park series. The first was in 1993. The latest movie was the most popular film in the 66 countries where it was released. One reason is because many parents who watched the first Jurassic Park when they were children took their own kids to see Jurassic World. Another reason is because the movie opened in China and in the US on the same weekend. China is the world’s second biggest film market.

(www.breakingnewsenglish.com)

Uma das razões de o filme Jurassic World ter quebrado recordes de bilheteria mundial é