Questões de Inglês

Leia a tirinha de Brian Crane para responder à questão abaixo.

(Brian Crane. Still Pickled After All These Years, 2004.)

Leia a tirinha de Brian Crane para responder à questão abaixo.

(Brian Crane. Still Pickled After All These Years, 2004.)

Leia o texto e examine o gráfico para responder á questão abaixo.

    Most don’t work anymore, but Americans age 70 and older have seen their share of collective wealth surge during the pandemic. As a group, they have accumulated more than $14 trillion in additional net worth since the end 2019, based on Federal Reserve data. Their share of the country’s wealth has jumped to a record 30%, even though they account for 11% of the population.

    The aging population helps explain some of the gains: there are about 2.3 million more people over 70 in the country than in 2019. But one major driver was the surge in home values and stocks during the pandemic, which benefited older generations most likely to own a house — or two — and hold equities or mutual funds.

    Although people who are over 70 are typically retired, a rising portion of that age group is still working. The share of adults age 65 and more in the labor force reached a historic low of 10% in the mid-1980s but has since almost doubled, even after many retired early at the onset of the covid-19 health crisis.

    Older Americans also have been the beneficiaries of good timing with the stock market, despite recessions along the way. Since 2019, those age 70 and older have collectively gained about $5 trillion in equity gains. Close to 38% of the nation’s corporate equities and mutual fund shares were held by people in that age group, the highest share on record in data going back to 1989.

(Alex Tanzi. www.bnnbloomberg.ca, 2023. Adaptado.)

Leia a tirinha para responder à QUESTÃO.

Disponível em: https://twitter.com/Calvinn_Hobbes/status/12435 98670358085633.

Leia os textos a seguir para responder à QUESTÃO.

TEXTO 1

Dear Barack Obama,

It’s Sophia Bailey Klugh. Your friend who invited you to dinner. You don’t remember okay that’s fine. But I just wanted to tell you that I am so glad you agree that two men can love each other because I have two dads and they love each other. But at school kids think that it’s gross and weird but it really hurts my heart and feelings. So I come to you because you are my hero. If you were me and you had two dads that loved each other, and kids at school teased you about it, what would you do?

Please respond!

I just wanted to say you really inspire me, and I hope you win on being the president. You would totally make the world a better place.

Your friend Sophia

P.S. Please tell your daughters Hi for me!

TEXTO 2

Dear Sophia,

Thank you for writing me such a thoughtful letter about your family. Reading it made me proud to be your president and even more hopeful about the future of our nation.

In America, no two families look the same. We celebrate this diversity. And we recognize that whether you have two dads or one mom what matters above all is the love we show one another. You are very fortunate to have two parents who care deeply for you. They are lucky to have such an exceptional daughter in you.

Our differences unite us. You and I are blessed to live in a country where we are born equal no matter what we look like on the outside, where we grow up, or who our parents are. A good rule is to treat others the way you hope they will treat you. Remind your friends at school about this rule if they say something that hurts your feelings.

Thanks again for taking the time to write to me. I’m honored to have your support and inspired by your compassion. I’m sorry I couldn’t make it to dinner, but I’ll be sure to tell Sasha and Malia you say hello.

Sincerely,

Barack Obama

Disponível em: https://twistedsifter.com/2015/02/20-amazing letters-worth-reading/ (Adaptado).

A partir da leitura do texto, responda a QUESTÃO.

Olympics 2024: how dark personality traits may affect the relationship between coaches and athletes who win gold this summer

    The coach-athlete relationship is key to achieving greatness in elite sports. And at the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the margins between success and failure will be tiny.

    Our new research offers insights on how the dark triad personality traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy), which tend to be more prevalent among athletes, might damage the relationship between coach and athlete, affecting their performance.

    Studies have shown that athletes with a stronger relationship with their coach perform better. Elite athletes tend to be more satisfied with their own performance when they have a good relationship with their coach, too. They also report higher levels of intrinsic motivation for sport, where they are motivated by enjoyment and excitement. This kind of motivation is associated with increased persistence and better wellbeing.

    Coaches and athletes also report higher personal wellbeing when their relationship is better.

    Personality traits play a powerful role in the coach-athlete relationship. Coaches and athletes are more committed to each other when they are disciplined, reliable and high in conscientiousness.

    A 2014 study of Chinese coach-athlete relationships found that when coaches and athletes had sociable, talkative and outgoing personality traits, it benefited their relationship. Being irritable, self-conscious or anxious had a negative effect.

    Our research published in 2022 found that elite swimmers and their coaches could identify the role that their own, and their partner’s personality traits played in their relationship. We found actual personality traits did not seem to matter as much as an awareness of how the coach’s personality affected the relationship.

    In some partnerships, the athletes valued similarities in their personalities, while others felt that their differences helped “balance each other”.

    The study also found that both the coach and athlete understood that the interpersonal relationship was important for performance.

    We’ve recently expanded our research to explore the role of dark triad personality traits in the coach-athlete relationship. These traits are often thought of negatively due to their association with being ruthless (narcissism), manipulative (Machiavellianism) or lacking empathy (psychopathy).

    Athletes report higher levels of these traits than non athletes. Studies that include both athlete and coach samples tend to find they have broadly similar levels of dark triad traits.

    Athletes competing in individual sports are more likely to report dark triad traits than those in team sports. However, some studies seem to show dark triad traits may affect performance even for team sports professionals. For instance, a 2022 UK study found basketball players high in the dark triad traits performed better in a free-throw task than those with lower levels.

    Our new study examined how levels of these traits in both coaches and their athletes were linked to the quality of their relationship. When coaches had higher narcissism, they reported less cooperative behaviour towards their athlete. In other words, they may have been less responsive to the needs of their athlete.

    The relationship was better for athletes and coaches when they had different levels of narcissism – supporting the adage that “opposites attract”. Athlete-coach pairs with mismatched narcissism felt closer to each other, with higher levels of trust.
    Athletes high in psychopathy – associated with being ruthless – were less committed to and had less respect for their coach. Coaches high in this trait had lower levels of closeness, commitment and leadership.

    Machiavellianism was also linked with relationship quality. Coaches high in this trait – associated with manipulating and exploiting others – reported less cooperative behaviour in their relationship. In addition, athletes with high levels of Machiavellianism were less committed, felt more distant and were less willing to do their best for their coach.

    Our study shows that while dark triad traits may lead to higher performance in elite sports, they may undermine the quality of the relationship between coach and athlete.

    We only looked at this in a snapshot of time. It may be that over time the negative aspects of these traits impede the relationships, which lead to long-term performance. Within the study, coaches and athletes reported broadly similar levels of the dark triad traits to each other.

Building strong relationships

    Our research adds to the understanding of how coaches and athletes can build strong relationships to aid their performance. However, it isn’t our view that coaches and athletes with high levels of dark triad traits cannot have relationships that satisfy their needs and lead to high performance.

    But we would offer a couple of recommendations.

    First, the personality traits of both coach and athlete should be considered at the beginning of the relationship. For example, pairing an athlete high in narcissism to a coach with much lower levels of this trait could lead to a positive relationship. They should also seek the support of a sport psychologist, to help coaches and athletes understand who their partner is and how to get the best out of them.

    When you’re watching the Olympics this summer remember there is a team behind the new records and the crushing defeats. As the dark triad research shows, people’s relationships with their team can have deep power over their performance.

Disponível em: https://theconversation.com/olympics-2024-how-dark personality-traits-may-affect-the-relationship-between-coaches-and-ath letes-who-win-gold-this-summer-234295.