Questões de Inglês

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The Jurutauí Legend

 

    Jurutauí was the bird with the most beautiful song in the forest and, because it sang so melodiously, it was truly admired by the other birds. One day Jurutauí saw the moon shining splendidly and fell deeply in love with her. Then, to be heard by its muse, it flew to the highest tree to sing love songs through the night, filling the forest with the most devoted sounds.

    Jurutauí couldn’t accept such a distance from its lover and flew higher and higher, trying to reach it. But the power of gravity could not be overcome. After a long struggle Jurutauí fell straight to the ground. Dizzy, it tried to recover and sing its beautiful song, but only a strident and terrible screech came from its throat and echoed through the forest. The other birds surrounded Jurutauí and mourned for the loss of the most beautiful birdsong in the forest. Now when the forest echoes with raucous and sad notes, everyone knows that it’s because Jurutauí is singing.

Disponível em: < http://www.sumauma.net/amazonian/legends/ legends-juru.html > CELEMENT, Rosa. Acesso em:31 jul. 16 (adaptado).

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Domestic violence victims denied justice: state of Roraima fails to investigate, prosecute abusers

 

June 21, 2017

    The authorities in the Brazilian state of Roraima are failing to investigate or prosecute domestic violence cases, leaving women at further risk of abuse, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today. The serious problems in Roraima, the state with the highest rate of killings of women in Brazil, reflect nationwide failures to provide victims of domestic violence with access to justice and protection.

    Killings of women rose 139 percent from 2010 to 2015 in Roraima, reaching 11.4 homicides per 100,000 women that year, the latest for which there is data available. The national average is 4.4 killings per 100,000 women—already one of the highest in the world. Studies in Brazil and worldwide estimate that a large percentage of women who suffer violent deaths are killed by partners or former partners.

    Only a quarter of women who suffer violence in Brazil report it, according to a February 2017 survey that does not provide state-by-state data. Human Rights Watch found in Roraima that when women do call police they face considerable barriers to having their cases heard. Military police told Human Rights Watch that, for lack of personnel, they do not respond to all emergency calls from women who say they are experiencing domestic violence. Other women are turned away at police stations. Some civil police officers in Boa Vista, the state´s capital, decline to register domestic violence complaints or to request protection orders. Instead, they direct victims to the single “women’s police station” in the state – which specializes in crimes against women – even at times when that station is closed. Even when police receive their complaints, women must tell their story of abuse, including sexual abuse, in open reception areas, as there are no private rooms to take statements in any police station in the state.

    Not a single civil police officer in Roraima receives training in how to handle domestic violence cases. Some police officers, when receiving women seeking protection orders, take statements so carelessly that judges lack the basic information they need to decide whether to issue the order. Civil police are unable to keep up with the volume of complaints they do receive. In Boa Vista, the police have failed to do investigative work on a backlog of 8,400 domestic violence complaints.

(Human Rights Watch. www.hrw.org/news/2017/06/21/ brazil-domestic-violence-victims-denied-justice. Adaptado)

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Clean power is up, costs are down

 

By Roger Harrabin BBC environment analyst
April 6, 2017

The cost of ofishore wind energy installations has
tumbled over the past three years

 

     Investment in renewables capacity was roughly double that in fossil fuels, says the report from United Nations Environment. It follows news that the cost of offshore wind power has fallen by around a third since 2012 – far faster than expected. But the report’s authors sound the alarm that just as costs are plunging, some major nations are scaling back their green energy investments. This, they say, reduces the likelihood of meeting the Paris climate agreement.

     The report is published in conjunction with Frankfurt School-UNEP Collaborating Centre and Bloomberg New Energy Finance. Ulf Moslener, a co-author, told BBC News: “Things are heading the right way, and the learning and technical costs of renewables have done a large part of their job. But investments are not yet there to meet the structural change agreed in Paris.”

     The report finds that wind, solar and other renewables added 138.5 gigawatts to global power capacity in 2016 – up 8% from 2015. The added capacity roughly equals that of the world’s 16 largest existing power producing facilities combined, it says. Recent figures from the International Energy Agency cited the switch to renewables as one main reason for greenhouse gas emissions staying flat in 2016 even though the global economy grew by 3.1 per cent.Image

Some countries have cut back on their spending
on renewables

 

Globally new investment in solar and wind fell from 2015. Much of the finance drop was due to reduced costs, but countries are also needing less electricity than projected as economies switch towards services, use more LEDs and governments impose standards making appliances like fridges and air-conditioners more efficient. Some nations are also taking the opportunity to scale back ambition on energy investment.

(http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-39513339. Adaptado)

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Cholera issues in Haiti

When the leader of the United Nations apologized to Haitians for the cholera epidemic that has ravaged their country for more than six years – caused by infected peacekeepers sent to protect them – he proclaimed a “moral responsibility” to make things right. The apology, announced in December along with a $400 million strategy to combat the epidemic and “provide material assistance and support” for victims, amounted to a rare public act of contrition by the United Nations. Under its secretary general at the time, Ban Ki-moon, the organization had resisted any acceptance of blame for the epidemic, one of the worst cholera outbreaks in modern times.
Cholera, a waterborne bacterial scourge that can cause acute diarrhea and fatal dehydration if not treated quickly, has killed nearly 10,000 people and sickened nearly 800,000 in Haiti, the Western Hemisphere’s poorest country, since it was introduced there in 2010 by infected Nepalese members of a United Nations peacekeeping force. This year, as of late February, nearly 2,000 new cases had been reported, amounting to hundreds a week. 

Studies have traced the highly contagious disease to sloppy sanitation that had leached fecal waste laced with cholera germs from latrines used by the Nepalese peacekeepers into the water supply.
Compared with other disasters confronting the United Nations, like the Syria refugee crisis and famines threatening 20 million people in Yemen and parts of Africa, the Haiti crisis may not loom as large. But unlike the others, the direct cause in Haiti was traced to the United Nations. This fact weighed on Mr. Ban until near the end of his tenure. He finally acted after the organization’s independent investigator on extreme poverty and human rights, Philip Alston, said in a scathing report that the United Nations’ failure to take responsibility for the cholera crisis was “morally unconscionable, legally indefensible and politically selfdefeating.” But Mr. Ban’s apology for Haiti’s cholera epidemic also clearly reflected an assumption that all members were responsible for the success of the new strategy to defeat it. “For the sake of the Haitian people, but also for the sake of the United Nations itself, we have a moral responsibility to act,” he told the General Assembly on Dec. 1. “And we have a collective responsibility to deliver.”

(Rick Gladstone. www.nytimes.com, 19.03.2017. Adaptado.)

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Text to answer question.

 

What is sustainable development?

 

There are many definitions of sustainable development,
including this one which first appeared in 1987:

 

“Development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
[5] own needs.”

 

But what does this mean? What are the needs of the
present? Take a minute and write down five to ten needs
that you have in your own life.

 

Have you listed any needs that conflict with one another?
[10] For example, if you listed clean air to breathe, but also
listed a car for transportation, your needs might conflict.
Which would you choose, and how would you make your
decision? If we have conflicting needs, how much is that
multiplied when we look at a whole community, city,
[15] country, world? For example, what happens when a
company’s need for cheap labor conflicts with workers’
needs for livable wages? Or when individual families’
needs for firewood conflict with the need to prevent erosion
and conserve the soil? Or when one country’s need for
[20] electricity results in acid rain that damages another
country's lakes and rivers?

Available at: http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/sd.html. Access on: 13 sep. 2016, with alterations.

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