Questões de Inglês

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Heading the soccer ball may be bad for young brains

 

 

    The question of whether young children should use their heads on the soccer field has been a debatable one in recent years. In 2015, U.S. Youth Soccer, the organization that oversees most of the American leagues for children and teenagers, announced a ban on heading in games and practices by participants younger than 11, citing concerns that the play might contribute to brain concussions.
    In response, some soccer authorities pointed out that young players would be late to learn an essential soccer skill and that concussions from heading are rare in that age group.
    Now a study presented last month at the annual convention of the American College of Sports Medicine may help quell doubts about the current regulations, which went into effect in 2016.
(Gretchen Reynolds. www.nytimes.com, 19.06.2018. Adaptado.)

A organização U.S. Youth Soccer

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Heading the soccer ball may be bad for young brains

 

 

    The question of whether young children should use their heads on the soccer field has been a debatable one in recent years. In 2015, U.S. Youth Soccer, the organization that oversees most of the American leagues for children and teenagers, announced a ban on heading in games and practices by participants younger than 11, citing concerns that the play might contribute to brain concussions.
    In response, some soccer authorities pointed out that young players would be late to learn an essential soccer skill and that concussions from heading are rare in that age group.
    Now a study presented last month at the annual convention of the American College of Sports Medicine may help quell doubts about the current regulations, which went into effect in 2016.
(Gretchen Reynolds. www.nytimes.com, 19.06.2018. Adaptado.)

No título do texto, o termo “may” indica que, para crianças, cabecear em jogos de futebol

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Plastic-eating bacteria discovered by student could help solve global pollution crisis

 

 

    A student may have found a solution to one of the world’s most urgent environmental crises – breeding bacteria capable of “eating” plastic and potentially breaking it down into harmless by-products. The microbes degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET) – one of the world’s most common plastics, used in clothing, drinks bottles and food packaging. It takes centuries to break down, in the meantime doing untold damage to its surroundings.
    Morgan Vague, who is studying biology at Reed College in Oregon, said the process could play a “big part” of solutions to the planet’s plastic problem, which sees millions of tonnes dumped in landfill and oceans every year. Around 300 million tonnes of plastic is discarded each year, and only about 10 per cent of it is recycled.
    She began hunting for microbes adapted to degrade plastic in the soil and water around refineries in her hometown of Houston. Taking her samples back to college in Portland, Oregon, Ms Vague began testing around 300 strains of bacteria for lipase, a fat-digesting enzyme potentially capable of breaking down plastic and making it palatable for the bacteria. She identified 20 strains of bacteria that produced lipase, and of those, three that boasted high levels of the enzyme. Next, she put the three microbes, one of which appears to have been previously undiscovered, on a forced diet of PET she cut from strips of water bottles. She was stunned to find the bacteria worked to digest the plastic.
(Tom Embury-Dennis. www.independent.co.uk, 30.06.2018. Adaptado.)

No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “She was stunned to find the bacteria worked to digest the plastic”, o termo sublinhado tem sentido equivalente, em português, a

Pelas expressões do it yourself e How-Tos, entende-se que a pesquisa realizada na página da internet revela uma busca por

EYE SCAN THAT DETECTS PROTEIN IN RETINA COULD AID IN QUICKER ALZHEIMER’S DIAGNOSES, NEW STUDY REPORTS

 

In the future, doctors may diagnose Alzheimer’s disease by scanning a patient’s eyes — thanks to new
evidence that telltale plaques of amyloid-beta are present not only in the brain, but also in the retina.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles have developed a method to noninvasively
detect amyloid deposits in the eye, potentially allowing for a diagnosis even before symptoms
[5] appear. Their report, “Retinal amyloid pathology and proof-of-concept imaging trial in Alzheimer’s
disease,” described the results of a small proof-of-concept clinical trial that tested an eye imaging
method specifically developed for the study. The work appeared in the journal JCI Insight.
“The findings suggest that the retina may serve as a reliable source for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis,”
Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui, the study’s principal investigator and associate professor at Cedars-Sinai,
[10] said in a press release.
Until recently, the only way to positively diagnose Alzheimer’s was by analyzing a patient’s brain
after death to detect the diagnostic feature of the disease: aggregates of amyloid-beta in the
brain. More recently, researchers started using a brain imaging method called positron emission
tomography (PET) to visualize the plaque in living people. But the method requires the use of a
[15] radioactive tracer, and is neither cheap nor adapted for repeated use.
In 2011, the team discovered that — just as the eye is considered to be a mirror of the soul — the
eye’s retina was a mirror of the brain, at least in terms of amyloid deposits.
In the new study, researchers built on these insights by developing a method to track changes by
eye imaging. They did so with curcumin, the main component of the spice turmeric. Curcumin,
[20] which study participants drank, entered the amyloid plaque and lit up in the eye scan.
“One of the major advantages of analyzing the retina is the repeatability, which allows us to monitor
patients and potentially the progression of their disease,” said Koronyo-Hamaoui.
In the study process, the research team discovered that amyloid deposits were also present in
peripheral areas of the retina, which they had previously overlooked. Moreover, the amount of
[25] amyloid plaque in the retina correlated with the amyloid burden in specific brain regions.
“Now we know exactly where to look to find the signs of Alzheimer’s disease as early as possible,”
said research associate Yosef Koronyo, first author on the study.
Added Dr. Keith L. Black, chair of Cedars-Sinai’s Department of Neurosurgery and director of the
Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute: “Our hope is that eventually the investigational eye scan
[30] will be used as a screening device to detect the disease early enough to intervene and change the
course of the disorder with medications and lifestyle changes.”

MAGDALENA KEGEL Adaptado de alzeihmersnewstoday. com, 21/08/2017.

Moreover, the amount of amyloid plaque in the retina correlated with the amyloid burden in specific brain regions. (l. 24-25)

 

The underlined word is used to show addition.

The fragment which includes another expression also used to express addition is

STUDENT GETS MODELING OFFERS THANKS TO CHANCE PHOTOS

 

  A photograph of a New Hampshire college student that went viral on social media is bringing her dreams of becoming a model closer to reality.

  Anok Yai grew up in Manchester, New Hampshire, and is a sophomore at Plymouth State University. The Boston Globe reports that a photographer took a photo of her for his Instagram account about a week ago while she was at a homecoming event at Howard University in Washington. He said he was photographing people with nice outfits.

  The photo had been viewed more than 11,000 times by Sunday, and Yai said last week she’s heard from three modeling agencies.

  The biochemistry student says she’s always been interested in fashion and art, but modeling was a dream she didn’t think would ever happen.

Available at:http://nypost.com/2017/10/29/student-gets-modeling-offers-thanks-to-chance-photo/. Accessed on: November, 1st 2017.

 

The student’s dream is closer to reality because she: