Questões de Inglês

TEXTO

Romana — Vai ficá que nem estaca na porta, entra!

Tião (a Otávio) — Eu queria conversá com o senhor!
Otávio — Comigo?
Tião (firme) — É.
Otávio — Minha gente, vocês querem dá um pulo lá
fora, esse rapaz quer conversá comigo.
Romana — Eu preciso mesmo recolhê a roupa! 

João — Já vou indo, então. Até logo, seu Otávio, e parabéns!

Otávio — Obrigado! (Saem. Tião e Otávio ficam a sós.) Bem, pode falá.

Tião — Papai...

Otávio — Me desculpe, mas seu pai ainda não chegou. Ele deixou um recado comigo, mandou dizê pra você que ficou muito admirado, que se enganou. E pediu pra você tomá outro rumo, porque essa não é casa de fura-greve!

Tião — Eu vinha me despedir e dizer só uma coisa: não foi por covardia!

Otávio — Seu pai me falou sobre isso. Ele também procura acreditá que num foi por covardia. Ele acha que você até que teve peito. Furou a greve e disse pra todo mundo, não fez segredo. Não fez como o Jesuíno que furou a greve sabendo que tava errado. Ele acha, o seu pai, que você é ainda mais filho da mãe! Que você é um traidô dos seus companheiro e da sua classe, mas um traidô que pensa que tá certo! Não um traidô por covardia, um traidô por convicção!

Tião — Eu queria que o senhor desse um recado a meu pai

Otávio — Vá dizendo.

Tião — Que o filho dele não é um “filho da mãe”. Que o filho dele gosta de sua gente, mas que o filho dele tinha um problema e quis resolvê esse problema de maneira mais segura. Que o filho é um homem que quer bem!

Otávio — Seu pai vai ficá irritado com esse recado, mas eu digo. Seu pai tem outro recado pra você. Seu pai acha que a culpa de pensá desse jeito não é sua só. Seu pai acha que tem culpa...

Tião — Diga a meu pai que ele não tem culpa nenhuma

Otávio (perdendo o controle) — Se eu te tivesse educado mais firme, se te tivesse mostrado melhor o que é a vida, tu não pensaria em não ter confiança na tua gente...

Tião — Meu pai não tem culpa. Ele fez o que devia. O problema é que eu não podia arriscá nada. Preferi tê o desprezo de meu pessoal pra poder querer bem, como eu quero querer, a tá arriscando a vê minha mulhé sofrê como minha mãe sofre, como todo mundo nesse morro sofre! Tião — Meu pai não tem culpa. Ele fez o que devia. O problema é que eu não podia arriscá nada. Preferi tê o desprezo de meu pessoal pra poder querer bem, como eu quero querer, a tá arriscando a vê minha mulhé sofrê como minha mãe sofre, como todo mundo nesse morro sofre!

Otávio — Seu pai acha que ele tem culpa!

Tião — Tem culpa de nada, pai!

Otávio (num rompante) — E deixa ele acreditá nisso, se não, ele vai sofrê muito mais. Vai achar que o filho dele caiu na merda sozinho. Vai achar que o filho dele é safado de nascença. (Acalma-se repentinamente.) Seu pai manda mais um recado. Diz que você não precisa aparecê mais. E deseja boa sorte pra você

Tião — Diga a ele que vai ser assim. Não foi por covardia e não me arrependo de nada. Até um dia. (Encaminha-se para a porta.)

Otávio (dirigindo-se ao quarto dos fundos) — Tua mãe, talvez, vai querê falá contigo... Até um dia! (Tião pega uma sacola que deve estar debaixo de um móvel e coloca seus objetos. Camisas que estão entre as trouxas de roupa, escova de dentes, etc.)

(GUARNIERI, Gianfrancesco. Eles não usam black-tie. 8. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 1995. p. 108-109.)

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Avoiding meat and dairy is single biggest

way to reduce your impact on Earth

    Avoiding meat and dairy products is the single biggest way to reduce your environmental impact on the planet, according to the scientists behind the most comprehensive analysis to date of the damage farming does to the planet.

    The new research, published in the journal Science, shows that without meat and dairy consumption, global farmland use could be reduced by more than 75% – an area equivalent to the US, China, European Union and Australia combined – and still feed the world. Loss of wild areas to cattle farming is the leading cause of the current mass extinction of wildlife.

    The new analysis shows that while meat and dairy products provide just 18% of calories and 37% of protein, they use the vast majority – 83% – of farmland and produce 60% of farming greenhouse gas emissions. Other recent research shows 86% of all land mammals are now livestock or humans. The scientists also found that even the lowest impact by meat and dairy products may cause much more environmental harm than the least sustainable vegetable and cereal growing.

(Damian Carrington. www.theguardian.com, 31.05.2018. Adaptado.)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Avoiding meat and dairy is single biggest

way to reduce your impact on Earth

    Avoiding meat and dairy products is the single biggest way to reduce your environmental impact on the planet, according to the scientists behind the most comprehensive analysis to date of the damage farming does to the planet.

    The new research, published in the journal Science, shows that without meat and dairy consumption, global farmland use could be reduced by more than 75% – an area equivalent to the US, China, European Union and Australia combined – and still feed the world. Loss of wild areas to cattle farming is the leading cause of the current mass extinction of wildlife.

    The new analysis shows that while meat and dairy products provide just 18% of calories and 37% of protein, they use the vast majority – 83% – of farmland and produce 60% of farming greenhouse gas emissions. Other recent research shows 86% of all land mammals are now livestock or humans. The scientists also found that even the lowest impact by meat and dairy products may cause much more environmental harm than the least sustainable vegetable and cereal growing.

(Damian Carrington. www.theguardian.com, 31.05.2018. Adaptado.)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Avoiding meat and dairy is single biggest

way to reduce your impact on Earth

    Avoiding meat and dairy products is the single biggest way to reduce your environmental impact on the planet, according to the scientists behind the most comprehensive analysis to date of the damage farming does to the planet.

    The new research, published in the journal Science, shows that without meat and dairy consumption, global farmland use could be reduced by more than 75% – an area equivalent to the US, China, European Union and Australia combined – and still feed the world. Loss of wild areas to cattle farming is the leading cause of the current mass extinction of wildlife.

    The new analysis shows that while meat and dairy products provide just 18% of calories and 37% of protein, they use the vast majority – 83% – of farmland and produce 60% of farming greenhouse gas emissions. Other recent research shows 86% of all land mammals are now livestock or humans. The scientists also found that even the lowest impact by meat and dairy products may cause much more environmental harm than the least sustainable vegetable and cereal growing.

(Damian Carrington. www.theguardian.com, 31.05.2018. Adaptado.)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Avoiding meat and dairy is single biggest

way to reduce your impact on Earth

    Avoiding meat and dairy products is the single biggest way to reduce your environmental impact on the planet, according to the scientists behind the most comprehensive analysis to date of the damage farming does to the planet.

    The new research, published in the journal Science, shows that without meat and dairy consumption, global farmland use could be reduced by more than 75% – an area equivalent to the US, China, European Union and Australia combined – and still feed the world. Loss of wild areas to cattle farming is the leading cause of the current mass extinction of wildlife.

    The new analysis shows that while meat and dairy products provide just 18% of calories and 37% of protein, they use the vast majority – 83% – of farmland and produce 60% of farming greenhouse gas emissions. Other recent research shows 86% of all land mammals are now livestock or humans. The scientists also found that even the lowest impact by meat and dairy products may cause much more environmental harm than the least sustainable vegetable and cereal growing.

(Damian Carrington. www.theguardian.com, 31.05.2018. Adaptado.)

Animals' popularity 'a disadvantage'

By Mary HaltonScience reporter, BBC News

13 April 2018

A survey of the public's perceptions suggests many people are unaware that the animals they consider
"charismatic" are under threat in the wild. These include lions, elephants, tigers and other animals which frequently
appear in branding and advertising.

Researchers suspect the animals' media ubiquity may lead people to think they are prospering in the wild. The
[5] findings were published by an international team of scientists in PLOS Biology.

The notion of "charismatic" species has cropped up recently in conservation biology, explains Dr Franck
Courchamp, the study's lead author. "There is a regular claim that the most charismatic species are diverting most
of the time and resources [in conservation]. I started wondering whether this was true and followed by better
results in conservation," he told BBC News.

[10] Dr Courchamp and his team set out to determine exactly which species these might be. Using an online survey
available in four languages, supplemented by classroom questionnaires in English, Spanish and French primary
schools, researchers asked the public to name the wild species they considered most charismatic. They also looked
at how frequently animals were represented on zoo websites, and on the covers of Disney and Pixar animated
films.

15 Additionally, the team had volunteers in France catalogue their encounters with "virtual" populations of the 10
animals over the period of a week. They encountered an average of 4.4 lions in logos, cartoons, magazines and
other sources each day, implying that people are likely to see two to three times as many "virtual" lions in a year
as there are lions in West Africa.

Dr Courchamp thinks this may have a subconscious impact, though there is no direct evidence as of yet. "Mostly I
[20] think because people see giraffes and lions every day of their life, they unconsciously think they are in abundance,"
he said.

Despite their abundant media representation, nine of the animals on the list are classed as vulnerable, endangered
or critically endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.

When researchers asked survey participants whether they thought these animals were endangered, explaining that
[25 they were not using IUCN terminology, they were surprised by the results. Almost half of respondents thought that
critically endangered gorillas were not under threat.

But conservation biologist Dr Sarah Durant cautions that this doesn't yet establish "a causal relationship between
seeing the species frequently in society and whether that relates to our bias perception of their endangerment."
Other factors may influence people's understanding of a species' status, and their participation in conservation
[30] efforts.

"We don't know that much about the psychology behind conservation. It's a very new field. I think a lot of people
often feel overwhelmed as well, because the problems are so huge," added the Zoological Society of London
researcher, who was not involved in the study. "It would be an interesting area for further research," she said.

Dr Courchamp proposes an innovative solution; funding conservation by "copyrighting" the image of vulnerable or
[35] endangered species. Companies would donate money to NGOs in return for using the animals in their branding or
advertising. "I think it's not so unrealistic," says Dr Courchamp.

"There are already some companies that do that. Jaguar are in partnership with Panthera. Lacoste... also made a
campaign recently where they replaced their logo with silhouettes of endangered species."

Dr Durant observes that it would likely be difficult to execute, but is an interesting suggestion. "This is just the first
[40] step," she commented, "putting this idea out there. Hopefully it will open a discussion about the use of these
species and how it relates to their conservation."

Time is certainly short for some of the animals on the list. Ecologists predict that, without sustained conservation
efforts, elephants will become extinct in the wild within a century. Cheetah are facing an imminent population
decline of up to 70%, and are already confined to just 9% of their historical territory in Africa.

[45] Dr Courchamp feels that more needs to be done. "At the moment we are doing first aid on species that are on the
verge of dying. We are just pushing the day they go extinct in the wild, we are not saving them."

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