Questões de Inglês

LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Sugar fear-mongering unhelpful

By The Washington Times Tuesday, June 25, 2013

 

    In his recent piece “ls obesity a disease?” (Web, June 19), Dr. Peter Lind refers to high-fructose com syrup and other “manufactured sugars” as “poison” that will “guarantee storage of fat in the body.” Current scientific research strongly indicates that obesity results from excessive calorie intake combined with a sedentary lifestyle. The fact is Americans are consuming more total calories now than ever before. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, our total per-capita daily caloric intake increased by 22 percent from 2,076 calories per day in 1970 to 2,534 calories per day in 2010 — an additional 458 calories, only 34 of which come from increased added sugar intake. A vast majority of these calories come from increased fats and flour/ cereals. Surprisingly, the amount of caloric sweeteners (ie. sugar, high-fructose, corn syrup, honey, etc.). Americans consume has actually decreased over the past decade. We need to continue to study the obesity epidemic to see what more can be done, but demonizing one specific ingredient accomplishes nothing and raises unnecessary fears that get in the way of real solutions.

JAMES M. RIPPE
Shrewsbury, Mass.

Disponível em: www.washingtontimes.com. Acesso em: 29 jul. 2013 (adaptado).

 

Ao abordar o assunto “obesidade”, em uma seção de jornal, o autor

KEEFER, M. Disponível em: www.nj.com. Acesso em: 3 dez. 2018.

 

No cartum, o estudante faz uma pergunta usando turn this thing on por 

5 Ways Pets Can Improve Your Health

 

    A pet is certainly a great friend. After a difficult day, pet owners quite literally feel the love.

    In fact, for nearly 25 years, research has shown that living with pets provides certain health benefits. Pets help lower blood pressure and lessen anxiety. They boost our immunity. They can even help you get dates.

    Allergy Fighters: A growing number of studies have suggested that kids growing up in a home with "furred animals" will have less risk of allergies and asthma.

    Date Magnets: Dogs are great for making love connections. Forget Internet matchmaking — a dog is a natural conversation starter.

    Dogs for the Aged: Walking a dog or just caring for a pet — for elderly people who are able — can provide exercise and companionship.

    Good for Mind and Soul: Like any enjoyable activity, playing with a dog can elevate levels of serotonin and dopamine — nerve transmitters that are known to have pleasurable and calming properties.

    Good for the Heart: Heart attack patients who have pets survive longer than those without, according to several studies.

DAVIS, J. L. Disponível em: www.weebmd.com. Acesso em: 21 abr. 2013 (adaptado).

 

Ao discutir sobre a influência de animais de estimação no bem-estar do ser humano, a autora, a fim de fortalecer seus argumentos, utiliza palavras e expressões como research, a growing number of research e several studies com o objetivo de 

If children live with criticism, they learn to condemn.

If children live fear, they learn to be apprehensive.

If children live with pity, they learn to feel sorry for themselves.

If children live with ridicule, they learn to feel shy.

If children live with tolerance, they learn patience.

If children live with praise, they learn appreciation.

If children live with acceptance, they learn to love.

If children live with approval, they learn to like themselves.

If children live with recognition, they learn it is good to have a goal.

If children live with sharing, they learn generosity.

If children live with fairness, they learn justice.

If children live with kindness and consideration, they learn respect.

If children live with friendliness, they learn the world is a nice place in which to live.

NOLTE, D. L. Disponível em: wwww.americanfamilytraditions.com. Acesso em 30 jul. 2012.

 

Valores culturais de um povo revelam sua forma de ser, agir e pensar.

 

Na concepção da autora, as diferentes formas de educar as crianças nos Estados Unidos confirmam que as crianças

Directions: Answer question according to the text.

 

TEXT
 

WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?

 

    Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th
century. Slavery continues today and harms people in
every country in the world.
    Women forced into prostitution. People forced to
[5] work in agriculture, domestic work and factories.
Children in sweatshops¹ producing goods sold globally.
Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off
generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
    There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern
[10] slavery around the world, including:
    • 10 million children
    • 24.9 million people in forced labour
    • 15.4 million people in forced marriage
    • 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
[15] Someone is in slavery if they are:
    • forced to work – through coercion, or mental or
physical threat;
    • owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through
mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
[20]     • dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought
and sold as ‘property’;
    • physically constrained or have restrictions placed
on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human
[25] society for most of human history. However, Anti-
Slavery International has refused to accept that this
bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan
McQuade, former director).
    Forms of modern slavery
[30]     Purposes of exploitation² can range from forced
prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and
forced organ removal. Here are the most common
forms of modern slavery.
    • Forced labour – any work or services which people
[35] are forced to do against their will³ under the threat
of some form of punishment.
    • Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most
widespread form of slavery, when people borrow
money they cannot repay and are required to work
[40] to pay off the debt, then losing control over the
conditions of both their employment and the debt.
    • Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting
or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation,
using violence, threats or coercion.
[45]    • Descent-based slavery – where people are born
into slavery because their ancestors were captured
and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
    • Child slavery – many people often confuse child
slavery with child labour, but it is much worse.
[50] Whilst⁴ child labour is harmful for children and
hinders⁵ their education and development, child
slavery occurs when a child is exploited for
someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking,
child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic
[55] slavery.
    • Forced and early marriage – when someone is
married against their will and cannot leave the
marriage. Most child marriages can be considered
slavery.
[60]     Many forms of slavery have more than one element
listed above. For example, human trafficking often
involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad,
using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then,
the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they
[65] arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
    Many people think that slavery happens only
overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is
free from modern slavery, even Britain. The

Government estimates that there are tens of thousands
[70] people in modern slavery in the UK.
    Modern slavery can affect people of any age,
gender or race. However, contrary to a common
misconception⁶ that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more
[75] vulnerable to slavery than others.
    People who live in poverty⁷ and have limited
opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to
accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative.
People who are discriminated against on the basis of
[80] race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be
enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the
rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife.
Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to
tackle⁸ the root causes of slavery in order to end
[85] slavery for good. That’s why we published our Anti-
Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that
need to be taken to end slavery across the world.

(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)

 

Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack

Anti-Slavery International

Directions: Answer question according to the text.

 

TEXT
 

WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?

 

    Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th
century. Slavery continues today and harms people in
every country in the world.
    Women forced into prostitution. People forced to
[5] work in agriculture, domestic work and factories.
Children in sweatshops¹ producing goods sold globally.
Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off
generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
    There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern
[10] slavery around the world, including:
    • 10 million children
    • 24.9 million people in forced labour
    • 15.4 million people in forced marriage
    • 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
[15] Someone is in slavery if they are:
    • forced to work – through coercion, or mental or
physical threat;
    • owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through
mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
[20]     • dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought
and sold as ‘property’;
    • physically constrained or have restrictions placed
on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human
[25] society for most of human history. However, Anti-
Slavery International has refused to accept that this
bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan
McQuade, former director).
    Forms of modern slavery
[30]     Purposes of exploitation² can range from forced
prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and
forced organ removal. Here are the most common
forms of modern slavery.
    • Forced labour – any work or services which people
[35] are forced to do against their will³ under the threat
of some form of punishment.
    • Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most
widespread form of slavery, when people borrow
money they cannot repay and are required to work
[40] to pay off the debt, then losing control over the
conditions of both their employment and the debt.
    • Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting
or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation,
using violence, threats or coercion.
[45]    • Descent-based slavery – where people are born
into slavery because their ancestors were captured
and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
    • Child slavery – many people often confuse child
slavery with child labour, but it is much worse.
[50] Whilst⁴ child labour is harmful for children and
hinders⁵ their education and development, child
slavery occurs when a child is exploited for
someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking,
child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic
[55] slavery.
    • Forced and early marriage – when someone is
married against their will and cannot leave the
marriage. Most child marriages can be considered
slavery.
[60]     Many forms of slavery have more than one element
listed above. For example, human trafficking often
involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad,
using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then,
the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they
[65] arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
    Many people think that slavery happens only
overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is
free from modern slavery, even Britain. The

Government estimates that there are tens of thousands
[70] people in modern slavery in the UK.
    Modern slavery can affect people of any age,
gender or race. However, contrary to a common
misconception⁶ that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more
[75] vulnerable to slavery than others.
    People who live in poverty⁷ and have limited
opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to
accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative.
People who are discriminated against on the basis of
[80] race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be
enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the
rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife.
Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to
tackle⁸ the root causes of slavery in order to end
[85] slavery for good. That’s why we published our Anti-
Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that
need to be taken to end slavery across the world.

(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)

 

Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack

Mark the sentence from the text that is an example of comparative form.