Questões de Inglês

Read the cartoon.

Since the man moved to the USA he has

Leia o texto.

 

S. Fred Singer has recently published a book, The Great Global Warming Swindle, based on sound science and interviews with real climate scientists. The main scientific argument presented in the book is that there is no proof that the current warming is caused by a rise of greenhouse gases from human activity. Ice core records from the past 650,000 years show that temperature increases have preceded – not resulted from – increases in CO₂ by hundreds of years, suggesting that the warming of the oceans is an important source of the rise in atmospheric CO₂.

Disponível em: <http://www.ourcivilisation.com/aginatur/swindle.htm>. Acesso em: 30 set. 2009. [Adaptado].

 

Glossary:

swindle: farsa

sound: confiáveis

Which statement supports the argument presented in the book?

Spider-Man 4 (2011) - Preview

 

If you’re a serious Spider-Man fan, you’ve probably been wondering when

the producers are finally going to let Dylan Baker become the super-villain

we’ve all been waiting for. Yes, the one-armed college professor who

appears in all three Spider-Man films (for about 90 seconds at a time) is the

[5]  guy who eventually gets turned into man-sized Lizard with a true hatred for

Spider-Man.

According to one source, not only will Baker finally become The Lizard in

Spider-Man 4, but we’ll also have to contend with a certain villain known

as Carnage. Director Sam Raimi who directed all the previous movies in the

[10]  franchise will be back in the director’s chair.

There has been much speculation about who the next villains might be. In previous interviews, director

Raimi was secretive about the actors who would play the role of The Sinister Six and Electro. Expect

this to be a closely guarded secret for a while to come.

Apparently there’s also talk of getting Black Cat into the Spider-Man 4 mix because, if a record

[15]  breaking opening weekend tells you one thing, it’s that you can never have too many villains in your

Spidey sequels. Venom will probably not be returning. Word has it that this character will have its own

live-action movie title – screenwriters are already at work on this.

Spider-Man 4 would have to go a little bit “darker” than its predecessors to accurately capture the

Carnage story, which focuses on a serial killer called Cletus Kasady. Despite rumors about the next

movie, it seems that both Maguire and Kirstin Dunst, as his girlfriend Mary Jane, will return.

Spider-Man 4 Director: Sam Raimi U.S. Opening Date: May 2011 

 

Spider-Man 4 would have to go a little bit “darker” than its predecessors to accurately capture the Carnage story, (ℓ. 18-19)
 
The preview writer’s opinion is that the upcoming movie should evoke the following sensation:

Why do we need “alternative reality fiction”?

 

As editor for a magazine on “speculative” fiction, I happen to need one. Though,

being a self-reflective sort of person, I found myself asking why. One person in

our associate page discussions asked why not just call it a magazine for “fiction”?

It’s a valid argument on a philosophical level. It’s a nightmare on a practical level.

[5]  Without some way to modify the term “fiction” with greater specificity, readers

will assume general fiction. Without putting some parameters on the types of

fiction we publish and review, submissions would be a nightmare. One of the

most common reasons we reject short stories for publication is simply that they

don’t meet our basic themes. They are not science fiction, fantasy, horror or

[10]  historical fiction.

If umbrella terms are so objectionable, then the next step is toward the more specific. Should we

expand the scope of the genre Science Fiction and also include Fantasy, Horror and Historical?

This is certainly a difficult task. Quite frankly, though, I read all of these genres, and I’m not keen on

being in the role to separate them. What makes one book science fiction, and another fantasy? What

[15]  makes one book horror, and another historical? These four genres of fiction cannot so efficiently be

separated from one another. Of course, these are not the only genres that get mixed up together in

cross-genre works. For example, historical romances have long been a standard of the monolithic

modern romance genre.

Science fiction, fantasy, horror and historical fiction share an essential common thread – they all

[20]  attract readers who seek fiction that transports them to a milieu removed from everyday life. On the

one hand, it’s an issue of setting, but more importantly, I believe, it’s an issue of approach. Readers

of these genres seek to see and writers seek to show our own world through a radically different

lens. They share an ambition to experience the eternal themes of life and humanity from new angles,

in new forms, impossible in realistic fiction. They want their fiction to answer the question “what if”,

[25]  not just the question “what is”. They want to see how human, or human-like, characters react to and

manipulate circumstances that are alien to our everyday lives.

I found my best solution to the “umbrella term” issue – the title “alternative reality fiction”. Whether all

these genres are “speculative”, we will leave that question up to you. But there is no doubt that they

all aspire to create alternative realities for readers to experience. Is this term somewhat artificial and

[30]  arbitrary? Do I expect it to catch on with readers? The answer is “of course not”. I expect “science

fiction”, “fantasy” and “horror” to remain the staples of the common lexicon. What I am looking to

accomplish with the term “alternative reality fiction” is simply to acknowledge that these non-realistic

genres have more in common with one another than they do with other genres. Above all, I think

the term is useful, precisely because of the most important commonality among these genres: their

readers.

S.K. Slevinski 

 

As editor for a magazine on “speculative” fiction, I happen to need one. (ℓ. 1)
 
In the fragment, the author expresses his need to read speculative fiction.
 
This necessity indicates the author’s lack of:

Why do we need “alternative reality fiction”?

 

As editor for a magazine on “speculative” fiction, I happen to need one. Though,

being a self-reflective sort of person, I found myself asking why. One person in

our associate page discussions asked why not just call it a magazine for “fiction”?

It’s a valid argument on a philosophical level. It’s a nightmare on a practical level.

[5]  Without some way to modify the term “fiction” with greater specificity, readers

will assume general fiction. Without putting some parameters on the types of

fiction we publish and review, submissions would be a nightmare. One of the

most common reasons we reject short stories for publication is simply that they

don’t meet our basic themes. They are not science fiction, fantasy, horror or

[10]  historical fiction.

If umbrella terms are so objectionable, then the next step is toward the more specific. Should we

expand the scope of the genre Science Fiction and also include Fantasy, Horror and Historical?

This is certainly a difficult task. Quite frankly, though, I read all of these genres, and I’m not keen on

being in the role to separate them. What makes one book science fiction, and another fantasy? What

[15]  makes one book horror, and another historical? These four genres of fiction cannot so efficiently be

separated from one another. Of course, these are not the only genres that get mixed up together in

cross-genre works. For example, historical romances have long been a standard of the monolithic

modern romance genre.

Science fiction, fantasy, horror and historical fiction share an essential common thread – they all

[20]  attract readers who seek fiction that transports them to a milieu removed from everyday life. On the

one hand, it’s an issue of setting, but more importantly, I believe, it’s an issue of approach. Readers

of these genres seek to see and writers seek to show our own world through a radically different

lens. They share an ambition to experience the eternal themes of life and humanity from new angles,

in new forms, impossible in realistic fiction. They want their fiction to answer the question “what if”,

[25]  not just the question “what is”. They want to see how human, or human-like, characters react to and

manipulate circumstances that are alien to our everyday lives.

I found my best solution to the “umbrella term” issue – the title “alternative reality fiction”. Whether all

these genres are “speculative”, we will leave that question up to you. But there is no doubt that they

all aspire to create alternative realities for readers to experience. Is this term somewhat artificial and

[30]  arbitrary? Do I expect it to catch on with readers? The answer is “of course not”. I expect “science

fiction”, “fantasy” and “horror” to remain the staples of the common lexicon. What I am looking to

accomplish with the term “alternative reality fiction” is simply to acknowledge that these non-realistic

genres have more in common with one another than they do with other genres. Above all, I think

the term is useful, precisely because of the most important commonality among these genres: their

readers.

S.K. Slevinski 

 

There is a lot of controversy in relation to the classification of fictional genres.
 
In his discussion about non-realistic genres, the author attemps to:

In the letter, Jeff Owens uses an informal manner to open and close his message. The most appropriated level of language in formal style to write the opening Dear Phil (line 1) and the closing Your Cordially (line 12) would be: