Questões de Inglês

Text II

Discover Magazine: Environment 10 Things You Didn’t Know About...Fire

by Lee Aundra Keany From the October 2011 issue; published online October 7, 2011

 

1 - Fire is an event, not a thing. Heating wood

or other fuel, releases volatile vapors that can

rapidly combust with oxygen in the air; the resulting

incandescent bloom of gas further heats the fuel,

releasing more vapors and perpetuating the cycle.

2 - Most of the fuels we use derive their energy

from trapped solar rays. In photosynthesis, sunlight

and heat yield chemical energy (in the form of wood

or fossil fuel). Contrastingly, fire uses chemical energy

to produce light and heat.

3 - Assuming stable fuel, heat, and oxygen

levels, a default house fire will double in size at every

minute.

4 - Earth is the only known planet where fire can

burn. Everywhere else: scarce oxygen.

5 - Spontaneous combustion is real. Some fuel

sources can generate their own heat—by rotting, for

instance. Pistachios have so much natural oil and are

so prone to heat-generating fat decomposition that

the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code

regards them as dangerous.

6 - Oxygen supply influences the color of

the flame. A low-oxygen fire is made up of lots of

uncombusted fuel particles and will give off a yellow

glow. A high-oxygen fire sets off a blue flame. So

candle flames are blue at the bottom because that’s

where they take up fresh air, and yellow at the top

because the rising fumes from below cut down on the

oxygen supply from the upper part of the flame.

7 - Fire can make water. Place a cold spoon

over a candle and you will observe the water vapor

condense on the metal. This is because like most

organic materials, including wood and gasoline,

candle wax contains hydrogen, which bonds with

oxygen and amounts to H2O when it burns.

8 - We’ve been at this a long time: Charred

bones and wood ash indicate that early hominids were

tending the first intentional fires more than 400,000

years ago.

9 - Nature’s been at it awhile, too. A coal seam

about 140 miles north of Sydney, Australia, has been

burning by some estimates for 500,000 years.

10 - A good burn in history: The 1666 Great Fire

of London destroyed 80 percent of the city but also

ended an outbreak of bubonic plague that had killed

more than 65,000 people the previous year. The fire

fried the rats and fleas that carried Yersinia pestis, the

plague-causing bacterium.

Available at Retrieved on: Dec. 02, 2011. Adapted.

Which of the following statements is NOT supported in Text II?

Text II

Discover Magazine: Environment 10 Things You Didn’t Know About...Fire

by Lee Aundra Keany From the October 2011 issue; published online October 7, 2011

 

1 - Fire is an event, not a thing. Heating wood

or other fuel, releases volatile vapors that can

rapidly combust with oxygen in the air; the resulting

incandescent bloom of gas further heats the fuel,

releasing more vapors and perpetuating the cycle.

2 - Most of the fuels we use derive their energy

from trapped solar rays. In photosynthesis, sunlight

and heat yield chemical energy (in the form of wood

or fossil fuel). Contrastingly, fire uses chemical energy

to produce light and heat.

3 - Assuming stable fuel, heat, and oxygen

levels, a default house fire will double in size at every

minute.

4 - Earth is the only known planet where fire can

burn. Everywhere else: scarce oxygen.

5 - Spontaneous combustion is real. Some fuel

sources can generate their own heat—by rotting, for

instance. Pistachios have so much natural oil and are

so prone to heat-generating fat decomposition that

the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code

regards them as dangerous.

6 - Oxygen supply influences the color of

the flame. A low-oxygen fire is made up of lots of

uncombusted fuel particles and will give off a yellow

glow. A high-oxygen fire sets off a blue flame. So

candle flames are blue at the bottom because that’s

where they take up fresh air, and yellow at the top

because the rising fumes from below cut down on the

oxygen supply from the upper part of the flame.

7 - Fire can make water. Place a cold spoon

over a candle and you will observe the water vapor

condense on the metal. This is because like most

organic materials, including wood and gasoline,

candle wax contains hydrogen, which bonds with

oxygen and amounts to H2O when it burns.

8 - We’ve been at this a long time: Charred

bones and wood ash indicate that early hominids were

tending the first intentional fires more than 400,000

years ago.

9 - Nature’s been at it awhile, too. A coal seam

about 140 miles north of Sydney, Australia, has been

burning by some estimates for 500,000 years.

10 - A good burn in history: The 1666 Great Fire

of London destroyed 80 percent of the city but also

ended an outbreak of bubonic plague that had killed

more than 65,000 people the previous year. The fire

fried the rats and fleas that carried Yersinia pestis, the

plague-causing bacterium.

Available at <http://ad.doubleclick.net/jump/site125. tmus/environment;tile=2;sz=123x32;ord=123456789?” target=”_blank”> Retrieved on: Dec. 02, 2011. Adapted.

Text II reports that the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code regards pistachios as dangerous because they

Text II

Discover Magazine: Environment 10 Things You Didn’t Know About...Fire

by Lee Aundra Keany From the October 2011 issue; published online October 7, 2011

 

1 - Fire is an event, not a thing. Heating wood

or other fuel, releases volatile vapors that can

rapidly combust with oxygen in the air; the resulting

incandescent bloom of gas further heats the fuel,

releasing more vapors and perpetuating the cycle.

2 - Most of the fuels we use derive their energy

from trapped solar rays. In photosynthesis, sunlight

and heat yield chemical energy (in the form of wood

or fossil fuel). Contrastingly, fire uses chemical energy

to produce light and heat.

3 - Assuming stable fuel, heat, and oxygen

levels, a default house fire will double in size at every

minute.

4 - Earth is the only known planet where fire can

burn. Everywhere else: scarce oxygen.

5 - Spontaneous combustion is real. Some fuel

sources can generate their own heat—by rotting, for

instance. Pistachios have so much natural oil and are

so prone to heat-generating fat decomposition that

the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code

regards them as dangerous.

6 - Oxygen supply influences the color of

the flame. A low-oxygen fire is made up of lots of

uncombusted fuel particles and will give off a yellow

glow. A high-oxygen fire sets off a blue flame. So

candle flames are blue at the bottom because that’s

where they take up fresh air, and yellow at the top

because the rising fumes from below cut down on the

oxygen supply from the upper part of the flame.

7 - Fire can make water. Place a cold spoon

over a candle and you will observe the water vapor

condense on the metal. This is because like most

organic materials, including wood and gasoline,

candle wax contains hydrogen, which bonds with

oxygen and amounts to H2O when it burns.

8 - We’ve been at this a long time: Charred

bones and wood ash indicate that early hominids were

tending the first intentional fires more than 400,000

years ago.

9 - Nature’s been at it awhile, too. A coal seam

about 140 miles north of Sydney, Australia, has been

burning by some estimates for 500,000 years.

10 - A good burn in history: The 1666 Great Fire

of London destroyed 80 percent of the city but also

ended an outbreak of bubonic plague that had killed

more than 65,000 people the previous year. The fire

fried the rats and fleas that carried Yersinia pestis, the

plague-causing bacterium.

Available at <http://ad.doubleclick.net/jump/site125. tmus/environment;tile=2;sz=123x32;ord=123456789?” target=”_blank”> Retrieved on: Dec. 02, 2011. Adapted.

In Text II, the author defends that fire is an event and not a thing because

Text I

CNET News: Dear Maggie How young is too young for a cellphone or smartphone?

 

Dear Maggie,

This is a three-part question. I’m considering

getting a regular cellphone for my 11-year old daughter

for Christmas. A lot of girls in her class already have

phones. She’s been begging me for one. But I’m not

sure if this is too young. What do you think?

Also, at what age do you think it’s appropriate for

me to switch her from a regular- feature phone to a

smartphone? Are there any phones or services you

recommend so that I can prevent overages?

Thanks,

Annemarie

Dear Annemarie,

I’m probably a bit more conservative than most

people on this subject, but I think it’s better to wait as

long as possible before giving your child a cellphone.

While I recognize that it can be a nice convenience

for busy parents and families with hectic schedules, I

think it also can turn into a huge distraction for kids

and it opens a whole can of worms in terms of social

interaction for children at a time when they may not

need to be connected every moment to their peers.

So, if the only reason you are getting the phone is

just because her friends have them and she wants to

socialize, then I think that it’s wise to wait and so do

some parenting experts:

“When you give your child a cellphone you are

giving him or her a lot more freedom and access to

a social life that can’t be supervised,” said Marybeth

Hicks, editor of Family Events, a newsletter for families

and moms, and author of two books on parenting.

“(…) Getting a cellphone should be viewed as rite of

passage,” she said. “It is a sign of kids’ independence

and maturity that comes along with entering high

school. On the other hand, it also provides a kind

of electronic tether to home.” She means that kids

should be warned that once they have a cellphone,

they are expected to call home if they find themselves

in a situation in which they aren’t comfortable with

what’s going on around them. With a phone in hand,

there’s no excuse for not calling mom when they’re

at a party without any parental supervision and other

kids start drinking alcohol or doing drugs.

I agree with Hicks’ philosophy, and so I think that

an 11-year-old is a bit young to be given a cellphone

of her own. Kids today will have a lifetime of gadgets

and cellphones. It won’t hurt them to wait another

few years before getting one of their own. As to the

smartphone, let them provide this upgrade with their

own means.

I hope this was helpful. And good luck!

Ask Maggie is an advice column that answers readers’

wireless and broadband questions. The column now

appears twice a week on CNET offering readers a double

dosage of Ask Maggie’s advice. If you have a question, we’d

love to hear from you.

Available at: <http://news.cnet.com/8301-30686_3- 57333400-266/how-young-is-too-young-for-a-cellphone- or-smartphone/?tag=mncol;topStories> Retrieved on: Dec. 02, 2011. Adapted.

In Text I, Dear Maggie reports that parenting expert Marybeth Hicks defends that getting a cellphone should be viewed as rite of passage,

Text I

CNET News: Dear Maggie How young is too young for a cellphone or smartphone?

 

Dear Maggie,

This is a three-part question. I’m considering

getting a regular cellphone for my 11-year old daughter

for Christmas. A lot of girls in her class already have

phones. She’s been begging me for one. But I’m not

sure if this is too young. What do you think?

Also, at what age do you think it’s appropriate for

me to switch her from a regular- feature phone to a

smartphone? Are there any phones or services you

recommend so that I can prevent overages?

Thanks,

Annemarie

Dear Annemarie,

I’m probably a bit more conservative than most

people on this subject, but I think it’s better to wait as

long as possible before giving your child a cellphone.

While I recognize that it can be a nice convenience

for busy parents and families with hectic schedules, I

think it also can turn into a huge distraction for kids

and it opens a whole can of worms in terms of social

interaction for children at a time when they may not

need to be connected every moment to their peers.

So, if the only reason you are getting the phone is

just because her friends have them and she wants to

socialize, then I think that it’s wise to wait and so do

some parenting experts:

“When you give your child a cellphone you are

giving him or her a lot more freedom and access to

a social life that can’t be supervised,” said Marybeth

Hicks, editor of Family Events, a newsletter for families

and moms, and author of two books on parenting.

“(…) Getting a cellphone should be viewed as rite of

passage,” she said. “It is a sign of kids’ independence

and maturity that comes along with entering high

school. On the other hand, it also provides a kind

of electronic tether to home.” She means that kids

should be warned that once they have a cellphone,

they are expected to call home if they find themselves

in a situation in which they aren’t comfortable with

what’s going on around them. With a phone in hand,

there’s no excuse for not calling mom when they’re

at a party without any parental supervision and other

kids start drinking alcohol or doing drugs.

I agree with Hicks’ philosophy, and so I think that

an 11-year-old is a bit young to be given a cellphone

of her own. Kids today will have a lifetime of gadgets

and cellphones. It won’t hurt them to wait another

few years before getting one of their own. As to the

smartphone, let them provide this upgrade with their

own means.

I hope this was helpful. And good luck!

Ask Maggie is an advice column that answers readers’

wireless and broadband questions. The column now

appears twice a week on CNET offering readers a double

dosage of Ask Maggie’s advice. If you have a question, we’d

love to hear from you.

Available at: <http://news.cnet.com/8301-30686_3- 57333400-266/how-young-is-too-young-for-a-cellphone- or-smartphone/?tag=mncol;topStories> Retrieved on: Dec. 02, 2011. Adapted.

In the excerpt “and so do some” (lines 25-26) the auxiliary do is replacing

Text I

Blog Talking Teenage: listen, learn and discuss

Sunday, August 7, 2011 at 10:24AM - It is hard to

believe that yet another summer is coming to an end.

Where did all the time go? As I review my “Summer To

Do” list I have to chuckle out loud. Did I even complete

one item on this long list? Gee, I must have been

feeling optimistic when I wrote it.

With only a few weeks left, it is now time to switch

gears. Time to mentally prepare for Fall. It is a time to

focus on transitions.

I must admit that preparing for the transition

presents somewhat of a dilemma. On the one hand

there is the urge to savor every last moment of

summer. On the other hand, the more you mentally

and physically prepare for the Fall, the less chaos and

confusion you face when it finally arrives.

So how can you prepare for the end of one

season and the beginning of another? It is not so easy

but here are some thoughts:

1. Buy school supplies now. You do not want to

be caught in the last minute rush to the office supply

store! It is usually a madhouse. How do I know? I am

not always so good at taking my own advice!

2. If your Fall schedule will include putting on

your chauffeur hat to shuttle your teens from activity

to activity, then try to work out potential carpool

partners now. While you may not be able to work out

the complete schedule, starting to plan now will cut

down on the anxiety often associated with arranging

car-pools once school starts. This is especially true if

you are a working parent.

3. Ask your teens to do a quick wardrobe check.

They should sort out what no longer fits and do an

inventory of shoes and necessary accessories (e.g.

backpacks).

4. If you need to shop try to go during off hours

such as early evening or mid-day during the week.

Once school starts the mall will be mobbed with last

minute shoppers.

5. Create a Fall calendar which details events and

activities. This will give you a visual picture of what

to expect in the upcoming months. Such preparation

will quell the feeling of internal (and external) chaos

that often accompanies the transition from Summer

to Fall.

6. Enjoy the final days of summer! You can truly

relax knowing you are well prepared for the up-coming

 

transition into Fall.

 

Available in: Retrieved on: August 20th, 2011.

As a suggestion for the Summer-Fall transition, the blogger defends