Questões de Inglês

INSTRUCTIONS – Read the following text carefully and then choose the correct alternatives that answer the questions or complete the statements placed after it. Attention: take your answers from the text!

 

WORLD MS DAY: WORKING TOWARDS A BRIGHTER FUTURE

 

Main Category: Multiple Sclerosis

Article Date: 29 May 2012 - 9:00 PDT

Today (May 30th) is World MS day (WMSD), an annual global awareness raising campaign for multiple sclerosis - a debilitating disease which affects the lives of more than two million people around the world. 

 

In the run-up to WMSD, patient advocacy groups from twenty countries met last weekend in Zurich, Switzerland (May 24th) at a unique Patient Summit which brought together MS societies, activists, MS bloggers and social media experts to learn from each other about how to communicate the challenges of living and working with MS to a wider audience. 

 

MS is the leading cause of neurological disability among young and middle-aged adults.

 

Symptoms usually start between the ages of 25 and 31 - a time when adult life is just beginning, when careers are being launched and when plans are being laid for the future. One of the most devastating consequences of MS in this relatively young population is unemployment. A key objective of the Patient Summit was to debate how best to convince employers and policy makers that helping people with MS to remain actively employed is good for both patients and for society. 

There is growing evidence that helping people with MS continue to work can play a vital role in their well-being,, said Christoph Thalheim, Deputy CEO & Director of External Affairs for the European MS Platform (EMSP) which represents the interests of 38 MS Societies and more than half a million people affected by MS. 

Mr Thalheim presented poignant photographs and stories collected as part of the 'UNDER PRESSURE' exhibition, which launched last month at the European Parliament, Brussels. The moving images of patients and their carers together with their personal testimonies vividly demonstrate how national health and social policies influence - for better or worse - those living with MS.

 

Further MS testimonies are being collected as part of World MS Day, which this year is built around the '1000 Faces of MS' concept. This puts people with MS at the heart of the campaign. People living with and affected by MS can create an on-line 'postcard' to share their story with the world.

 

At the Zurich meeting, Mr Thalheim said that although progress has been made in improving MS care, many EU countries still have far to go. The EMSP has been tracking the wide disparities in MS care which currently exist between eleven EU countries - such as the continuing shortage of neurologists in Ireland, inconsistent access to treatment in the UK, low access to medication in Belarus and Poland. In Greece the MS Society has made many gains, but fears these may lost due to the current economic crisis, he said. 

Available on: www.isaude.net

Multiple sclerosis usually shows its first symptoms 

SHARKS - THE ADAPTABLE OLD-TIMERS

By Peter T. Pugliese and John Heinerman

 

  Sharks are cartilaginous fish (i.e., having a skeleton wholly or largely composed of cartilage). They vary greatly in size, behavior, and in the way they reproduce. They are found at all depths in all the oceans of the world except the Antarctic. However, they are most abundant in tropical and subtropical waters. A few species of shark inhabit freshwater lakes and rivers, and some migrate regularly from salt to freshwater.

  Sharks are remarkably successful animals, with few parasites or diseases and almost no enemies except other sharks. As predators and scavengers, sharks play a major role in the ecosystems of the world‟s oceans. 

  Paleontologists believe that sharks evolved from some primitive, heavily armored, sluggish placoderm that became extinct about 350 million years ago, at the end of the Devonian era. This is approximately when the first shark-like creatures appeared. Sharks almost identical to those living today evolved about 160 million years ago, during the Jurassic period (same time period as represented in the movie Jurassic Park). His species has survived unchanged for 160 million years. In contrast, we poor Homo Sapiens have been around for less than one million years.

  Well-attuned to most of the waters of the world, sharks appear to dominate the depths. Swimmers, water skiers, snorkelers, scuba divers, and sea fishermen are invading their habitats in ever-increasing numbers. Sharks have responded with predictable reflex reactions: they have attacked. The resulting notoriety has given sharks a bad reputation. The mass media have embellished the image, and now most people react with alarm to the word “shark”. However, the facts don‟t support this dread of sharks. Of the 100 or so unprovoked attacks that occur worldwide every year, fewer than 35 are fatal. 

  Internally, sharks are different than bony fish. Sharks have cartilaginous skeletons, skulls without sutures, no air ladder, and reserve rows of teeth attached to the skin of the jaws. Sharks‟ teeth are often found in the wounds of those attacked. An abundance of fossil teeth does not necessarily indicate the presence of multitudes of sharks. Instead, it may indicate multitudes of teeth that were frequently lost and replaced. 

From Devour Disease with shark liver oil. Green Bay: IMAKT, 1999. 

 

The natural enemies of sharks are 

The Double Mirror 

 

How Pakistan’s intelligence service plays both sides

By DAVID IGNATIUS 

 

[1]   (...) I found that I couldn’t capture ISI’s nuances in newspaper columns. So my eighth novel, Bloodmoney, is set largely in  

Pakistan; it centers on a fictional ISI and a CIA whose operations inside Pakistan have spun out of control. I describe the director  

general of my imaginary ISI this way: ―To say that the Pakistani was playing a double game did not do him justice; his strategy was far  

more complicated than that.‖ 

[5]   This Janus-like quality is true of all intelligence services, I suppose, but I have never seen an organization quite like the ISI.  

It is at once very secretive and very open, yet ISI officials get especially peeved at the charge of duplicity: ―I can not go on defending  

myself forever, even when I am not doing what I am blamed for,‖ wrote one of my ISI contacts, after I had written a column noting the  

organization’s ―double game‖ with the U.S. ―I shall do what I think is good for PAKISTAN, my country. I am sure you will do the same  

for US.‖  

[10]   What this official wanted me to understand was that Pakistan was suffering under its own onslaught of terrorism. An ISI  

briefer almost shouted at me in 2010: ―Mr. David Ignatius! Look at the casualties we have suffered fighting terrorism!‖ We’re in  

alongside the U.S., ISI officials insist. Yet they are caught in the backwash of an anti-American rhetoric they help create. The ISI’s  

press cell feeds Pakistani newspapers constantly; presumably, it thinks its U.S.-bashing leaks will hide the reality of the ISI’s  

cooperation. But the puppeteer has gotten caught in the strings. Anti-Americanism has taken a virulent form that threatens the ISI too. 

ISI = Inter-Services Intelligence

Time, May 23, 2011 Essay Adaptado.

 

A sentença I cannot go on defending myself forever, even when I am not doing what I am blamed for (linhas 6 e 7), sugere que aquele que a pronunciou 

The Double Mirror 

 

How Pakistan’s intelligence service plays both sides

By DAVID IGNATIUS 

 

[1]   (...) I found that I couldn’t capture ISI’s nuances in newspaper columns. So my eighth novel, Bloodmoney, is set largely in  

Pakistan; it centers on a fictional ISI and a CIA whose operations inside Pakistan have spun out of control. I describe the director  

general of my imaginary ISI this way: ―To say that the Pakistani was playing a double game did not do him justice; his strategy was far  

more complicated than that.‖ 

[5]   This Janus-like quality is true of all intelligence services, I suppose, but I have never seen an organization quite like the ISI.  

It is at once very secretive and very open, yet ISI officials get especially peeved at the charge of duplicity: ―I can not go on defending  

myself forever, even when I am not doing what I am blamed for,‖ wrote one of my ISI contacts, after I had written a column noting the  

organization’s ―double game‖ with the U.S. ―I shall do what I think is good for PAKISTAN, my country. I am sure you will do the same  

for US.‖  

[10]   What this official wanted me to understand was that Pakistan was suffering under its own onslaught of terrorism. An ISI  

briefer almost shouted at me in 2010: ―Mr. David Ignatius! Look at the casualties we have suffered fighting terrorism!‖ We’re in  

alongside the U.S., ISI officials insist. Yet they are caught in the backwash of an anti-American rhetoric they help create. The ISI’s  

press cell feeds Pakistani newspapers constantly; presumably, it thinks its U.S.-bashing leaks will hide the reality of the ISI’s  

cooperation. But the puppeteer has gotten caught in the strings. Anti-Americanism has taken a virulent form that threatens the ISI too. 

ISI = Inter-Services Intelligence

Time, May 23, 2011 Essay Adaptado.

 

A palavra casualties (linha 11)

The Double Mirror 

 

How Pakistan’s intelligence service plays both sides

By DAVID IGNATIUS 

 

[1]   (...) I found that I couldn’t capture ISI’s nuances in newspaper columns. So my eighth novel, Bloodmoney, is set largely in  

Pakistan; it centers on a fictional ISI and a CIA whose operations inside Pakistan have spun out of control. I describe the director  

general of my imaginary ISI this way: ―To say that the Pakistani was playing a double game did not do him justice; his strategy was far  

more complicated than that.‖ 

[5]   This Janus-like quality is true of all intelligence services, I suppose, but I have never seen an organization quite like the ISI.  

It is at once very secretive and very open, yet ISI officials get especially peeved at the charge of duplicity: ―I can not go on defending  

myself forever, even when I am not doing what I am blamed for,‖ wrote one of my ISI contacts, after I had written a column noting the  

organization’s ―double game‖ with the U.S. ―I shall do what I think is good for PAKISTAN, my country. I am sure you will do the same  

for US.‖  

[10]   What this official wanted me to understand was that Pakistan was suffering under its own onslaught of terrorism. An ISI  

briefer almost shouted at me in 2010: ―Mr. David Ignatius! Look at the casualties we have suffered fighting terrorism!‖ We’re in  

alongside the U.S., ISI officials insist. Yet they are caught in the backwash of an anti-American rhetoric they help create. The ISI’s  

press cell feeds Pakistani newspapers constantly; presumably, it thinks its U.S.-bashing leaks will hide the reality of the ISI’s  

cooperation. But the puppeteer has gotten caught in the strings. Anti-Americanism has taken a virulent form that threatens the ISI too. 

ISI = Inter-Services Intelligence

Time, May 23, 2011 Essay Adaptado.

 

Segundo o texto, é possível afirmar que 

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