Questões de Inglês

Long-Lost Van Gogh Painting Discovered

by Megan Gannon, September 09, 2013

 

A major new painting by Vincent van Gogh has been discovered. It is called, “Sunset at Montmajour”.

The Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam unveiled the long-lost landscape painting today (Sept. 9) following an investigation that showed the style, technique, paint, canvas and subject matter matched with other works from the peak of the Dutch artist's career.

The painting originally belonged to the collection of Theo van Gogh, the artist's brother, and was sold in 1901. Shortly thereafter, the artwork ended up in the hands of a Norwegian collector who tucked it away in his attic after it was declared a fake.

As recently as the 1990s, the painting's authenticity was rejected by the museum. But now the researchers say, “Stylistically and technically speaking, there are plenty of parallels with other paintings by van Gogh from the summer of 1888”.

The newly identified painting also shows signs of the same discoloration that has come to characterize van Gogh's work in recent years. The bright yellows in many of his paintings have been turning into muddy browns.

The researchers even found two references to the work in van Gogh's letters, in which he is critical of the painting and declared it unsuccessful.

Disponível em: <http://LiveScience.htm>. Acesso em: 12 set. 2013. (Adaptado).

 

The painting “Sunset at Montmajour” was long-lost because it was

Britain’s biggest, pinkest fundraising day is back for 2013! It’s your chance to invite friends and colleagues to join forces, have fun and do something incredible for women with breast cancer. All you have to do is grab something pink, wear it on Friday 25 October 2013 and donate £2 to Breast Cancer Campaign. But don’t be alone in your pink glory – with our ideas for wear it pink day at the office, in school and at home you can make sure everyone joins in.

 

So let’s get started! Tell everyone about wear it pink. Send an email around, tell the school in assembly, share it on your work intranet, invite the girls round for a pamper night just for wear it pink. Get your own wear it pink posters by registering and stick them all over the place!

GET INVOLVED

Disponível em: <http://www.wearitpink.org/>. Acesso em: 17 set. 2013.

 

The language used in campaigns like the one in the text aims at trying to get the reader to do, think etc. what one wishes. Which of the following excerpts expresses another purpose instead of this one?

Climate change: warm words and cool waters

There is a serious debate about why observed temperatures

have not kept pace with computer-modelled predictions

September 1, 2013

Editorial The Guardian

 

Last week’s report that the current “pause” in global warming could be linked to cyclic cooling in the Pacific will be interpreted by climate sceptics as evidence that global warming isn’t happening, and by politicians as a reason to forget about climate change and carry on with business as usual. Both responses would be dangerously wrong. 

There is no serious argument within climate science about the link between carbon dioxide levels and temperature. Between 1970 and 1998 the planet warmed at an average of 0.17C per decade, and from 1998 to 2012 at 0.04C per decade. Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, however, continued to rise and are now higher than at any time in the last 800,000 years. Twelve of the 14 warmest years on record have occurred since 2000; the last two years have been marked by catastrophic floods in Australia and recordbreaking temperatures in the US; and the loss of north polar ice has accelerated at such a rate that climate modellers expect the Arctic Ocean to be routinely ice-free in September after 2040. 

There is, however, a serious debate about why the observed temperatures have not kept pace with computermodelled predictions and where the heat that should have registered on the global thermometer has hidden itself. One guess – supported by some sustained but still incomplete research – is that the deep oceans are warming: that is, the extra heat that should be measurable in the atmosphere has been absorbed by the sea. This is hardly good news: atmosphere and ocean play on each other, and any stored heat is 44 to be returned to the atmosphere sooner or later, in unpredictable ways. The real lesson from the latest finding is that there is a lot yet to be understood about how the planet works, and precisely how ocean and atmosphere distribute 45 from the equator to the poles. 

(www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)

Assinale a alternativa que completa, a lacuna 45 no texto.

Will we ever… understand why music makes us feel good?

19 April 2013

Philip Ball

 

No one knows why music has such a potent effect on our emotions. But thanks to some recent studies we have a few intriguing clues. Why do we like music? Like most good questions, this one works on many levels. We have answers on some levels, but not all. 

We like music because it makes us feel good. Why does it make us feel good? In 2001, neuroscientists Anne Blood and Robert Zatorre at McGill University in Montreal provided an answer. Using magnetic resonance imaging they showed that people listening to pleasurable music had activated brain regions called the limbic and paralimbic areas, which are connected to euphoric reward responses, like those we experience from sex, good food and addictive drugs. Those rewards come from a gush of a neurotransmitter called dopamine. As DJ Lee Haslam told us, music is the drug. 

But why? It’s easy enough to understand why sex and food are rewarded with a dopamine rush: this makes us want more, and so contributes to our survival and propagation. (Some drugs subvert that survival instinct by stimulating dopamine release on false pretences.) But why would a sequence of sounds with no obvious survival value do the same thing? 

The truth is no one knows. However, we now have many clues to why music provokes intense emotions. The current favourite theory among scientists who study the cognition of music – how we process it mentally – dates back to 1956, when the philosopher and composer Leonard Meyer suggested that emotion in music is all about what we expect, and whether or not we get it. Meyer drew on earlier psychological theories of emotion, which proposed that it arises when we’re unable to satisfy some desire. That, as you might imagine, creates frustration or anger – but if we then find what we’re looking for, be it love or a cigarette, the payoff is all the sweeter. 

This, Meyer argued, is what music does too. It sets up sonic patterns and regularities that tempt us to make unconscious predictions about what’s coming next. If we’re right, the brain gives itself a little reward – as we’d now see it, a surge of dopamine. The constant dance between expectation and outcome thus enlivens the brain with a pleasurable play of emotions. 

(www.bbc.com. Adaptado.)

No trecho do último parágrafo – The constant dance between expectation and outcome thus enlivens the brain with a pleasurable play of emotions. –, a palavra thus pode ser corretamente substituída, mantendo-se o sentido, por

Will we ever… understand why music makes us feel good?

19 April 2013

Philip Ball

 

No one knows why music has such a potent effect on our emotions. But thanks to some recent studies we have a few intriguing clues. Why do we like music? Like most good questions, this one works on many levels. We have answers on some levels, but not all. 

We like music because it makes us feel good. Why does it make us feel good? In 2001, neuroscientists Anne Blood and Robert Zatorre at McGill University in Montreal provided an answer. Using magnetic resonance imaging they showed that people listening to pleasurable music had activated brain regions called the limbic and paralimbic areas, which are connected to euphoric reward responses, like those we experience from sex, good food and addictive drugs. Those rewards come from a gush of a neurotransmitter called dopamine. As DJ Lee Haslam told us, music is the drug. 

But why? It’s easy enough to understand why sex and food are rewarded with a dopamine rush: this makes us want more, and so contributes to our survival and propagation. (Some drugs subvert that survival instinct by stimulating dopamine release on false pretences.) But why would a sequence of sounds with no obvious survival value do the same thing? 

The truth is no one knows. However, we now have many clues to why music provokes intense emotions. The current favourite theory among scientists who study the cognition of music – how we process it mentally – dates back to 1956, when the philosopher and composer Leonard Meyer suggested that emotion in music is all about what we expect, and whether or not we get it. Meyer drew on earlier psychological theories of emotion, which proposed that it arises when we’re unable to satisfy some desire. That, as you might imagine, creates frustration or anger – but if we then find what we’re looking for, be it love or a cigarette, the payoff is all the sweeter. 

This, Meyer argued, is what music does too. It sets up sonic patterns and regularities that tempt us to make unconscious predictions about what’s coming next. If we’re right, the brain gives itself a little reward – as we’d now see it, a surge of dopamine. The constant dance between expectation and outcome thus enlivens the brain with a pleasurable play of emotions. 

(www.bbc.com. Adaptado.)

According to McGill University neuroscientists, music one enjoys makes the person feel good because

Will we ever… understand why music makes us feel good?

19 April 2013

Philip Ball

 

No one knows why music has such a potent effect on our emotions. But thanks to some recent studies we have a few intriguing clues. Why do we like music? Like most good questions, this one works on many levels. We have answers on some levels, but not all. 

We like music because it makes us feel good. Why does it make us feel good? In 2001, neuroscientists Anne Blood and Robert Zatorre at McGill University in Montreal provided an answer. Using magnetic resonance imaging they showed that people listening to pleasurable music had activated brain regions called the limbic and paralimbic areas, which are connected to euphoric reward responses, like those we experience from sex, good food and addictive drugs. Those rewards come from a gush of a neurotransmitter called dopamine. As DJ Lee Haslam told us, music is the drug. 

But why? It’s easy enough to understand why sex and food are rewarded with a dopamine rush: this makes us want more, and so contributes to our survival and propagation. (Some drugs subvert that survival instinct by stimulating dopamine release on false pretences.) But why would a sequence of sounds with no obvious survival value do the same thing? 

The truth is no one knows. However, we now have many clues to why music provokes intense emotions. The current favourite theory among scientists who study the cognition of music – how we process it mentally – dates back to 1956, when the philosopher and composer Leonard Meyer suggested that emotion in music is all about what we expect, and whether or not we get it. Meyer drew on earlier psychological theories of emotion, which proposed that it arises when we’re unable to satisfy some desire. That, as you might imagine, creates frustration or anger – but if we then find what we’re looking for, be it love or a cigarette, the payoff is all the sweeter. 

This, Meyer argued, is what music does too. It sets up sonic patterns and regularities that tempt us to make unconscious predictions about what’s coming next. If we’re right, the brain gives itself a little reward – as we’d now see it, a surge of dopamine. The constant dance between expectation and outcome thus enlivens the brain with a pleasurable play of emotions. 

(www.bbc.com. Adaptado.)

Segundo o texto, a pergunta apresentada no primeiro parágrafo