Questões de Inglês

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

"I already diagnosed myself on the Internet.

I'm only here for a second opinion."

Disponível em: https://caveviews.blogs.com/cave_news/2010/08/webmdeffect.html. Acessado em 19 de outubro de 2019.

 

The patient’s assertion

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

 

Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease? The Lifestyle Heart Trial.

Abstract

 

In a prospective, randomised, controlled trial to determine whether comprehensive lifestyle changes affect coronary atherosclerosis after 1 year, 28 patients were assigned to an experimental group (low-fat vegetarian diet, stopping smoking, stress management training, and moderate exercise) and 20 to a usual-care control group. 195 coronary artery lesions were analysed by quantitative coronary angiography. The average percentage diameter stenosis regressed from 40.0 (SD 16.9)% to 37.8 (16.5)% in the experimental group yet progressed from 42.7 (15.5)% to 46.1 (18.5)% in the control group. When only lesions greater than 50% stenosed were analysed, the average percentage diameter stenosis regressed from 61.1 (8.8)% to 55.8 (11.0)% in the experimental group and progressed from 61.7 (9.5)% to 64.4 (16.3)% in the control group. Overall, 82% of experimental-group patients had an average change towards regression. Comprehensive lifestyle changes may be able to bring about regression of even severe coronary atherosclerosis after only 1 year, without use of lipidlowering drugs.

Adaptado de: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1973470 Acessado em 27 de outubro de 2017.

In “Comprehensive lifestyle changes may be able to bring about regression…” may expresses:

Directions: Read the text below and answer question according to the text.

 

TEXT

 

The search for life beyond Earth

 

    We have always been fascinated by the thought of
alien life elsewhere in the universe. The idea has
provided the basis for a huge wealth of science fiction
stories that have been limited only by our imaginations.
[5] But can other creatures exist in the vast reaches of
space or on other planets or moons? And are there
other intelligent forms of life out there—or are we more
likely to find something much simpler?
Where are all the aliens?
[10]    Our Sun is just one star among billions in our
galaxy. In the last few years, scientists have detected
thousands of planets around other stars and it seems
that most stars have planetary systems. It’s therefore
likely that there will be large numbers of habitable
[15] planets in the Milky Way galaxy and beyond that are
capable of supporting intelligent life. Some of these
intelligent civilisations, if they’re out there, may have
even developed interstellar travel.
Are there other intelligent forms of life out there—or
[20] are we more likely to find something much simpler?
    But Earth hasn’t been visited by any intelligent
aliens (yet?). This apparent high probability of life,
combined with a lack of evidence for its existence, is
called the Fermi Paradox, named for the physicist
[25] Enrico Fermi who first outlined¹ the argument back in
1950. This begs the question: where is everybody?
    Back in 1961, astronomer Francis Drake tried to
rationalise this question by developing an equation that
takes into account² all the factors relevant to finding
[30] alien civilisations and gives an estimate of the number
of civilisations out there in the galaxy that should be
able to communicate with us. It considers factors such
as the rate³ of new star formation, how many planets
around those new and existing stars might be able to
[35] support life, the number of planets supporting intelligent
life, how many of those civilisations might have
technology we can detect, whether they’re likely to
communicate with us here on Earth, and so on.
The search for extraterrestrial intelligence
[40]    Scientists and radio astronomers have started the
search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) in a
systematic manner. Several international organisations,
including the SETI Institute and the SETI League, are
using radio telescopes to detect signals that might have
[45] been produced by intelligent life.
    In 1995, the SETI Institute started Project Phoenix,
which used three of the most powerful radio telescopes
in the world: the Green Bank radio telescope in West
Virginia, USA; the Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico;
[50] and the Parkes radio telescope in NSW, Australia.
During its initial phase, Project Phoenix used the
Parkes telescope to search for signals coming from 202
Sun-like stars as distant as 155 light years away. By the
end of its operations, Project Phoenix had scanned a
[55] total of 800 ‘nearby’⁴ (up to 240 light years away) stars
for signs of life. The project detected some cosmic
noises, but none of that could be attributed to aliens.
    These days, anyone can become involved in the
search for extraterrestrial intelligence through their
[60] personal computer.
    While there’s currently excitement about sending
human crews to Mars, missions beyond the Red Planet
are at this stage pretty much not feasible⁵ the distances
and travel times involved are simply too great.
[65] Basically, all exploration for life beyond Earth will need
to be done using robotic space probes⁶ and landing
rovers. These instruments can provide a huge wealth of
information and are capable of exploring as far away as

Pluto, perhaps even beyond our solar system. But as
[70] for life beyond the solar system, the nearest stars are
several light years away, and even communications by
electromagnetic waves (which all travel at the speed of
light) are essentially going to be a one-way message.
    While we probably won’t find intelligent life too close
[75] to home, there’s a chance we may still find much
simpler life forms. Do we have neighbours beyond
Earth? Time will tell—and the search continues.

(Adapted from https://www.science.org.au/curious/space-time/search-lifebeyond-earth – Access on 16/02/19)

 

Glossary:
    1. to outline – describe or give the main fact about something
    2. to take into account – consider something
    3. rate – expansion
    4. nearby – short distance away
    5. feasible – appropriate; suitable
    6. space probe – spy satellite

The content of the text is based on

Directions: Read the text below and answer question according to the text.

 

TEXT

 

The search for life beyond Earth

 

    We have always been fascinated by the thought of
alien life elsewhere in the universe. The idea has
provided the basis for a huge wealth of science fiction
stories that have been limited only by our imaginations.
[5] But can other creatures exist in the vast reaches of
space or on other planets or moons? And are there
other intelligent forms of life out there—or are we more
likely to find something much simpler?
Where are all the aliens?
[10]    Our Sun is just one star among billions in our
galaxy. In the last few years, scientists have detected
thousands of planets around other stars and it seems
that most stars have planetary systems. It’s therefore
likely that there will be large numbers of habitable
[15] planets in the Milky Way galaxy and beyond that are
capable of supporting intelligent life. Some of these
intelligent civilisations, if they’re out there, may have
even developed interstellar travel.
Are there other intelligent forms of life out there—or
[20] are we more likely to find something much simpler?
    But Earth hasn’t been visited by any intelligent
aliens (yet?). This apparent high probability of life,
combined with a lack of evidence for its existence, is
called the Fermi Paradox, named for the physicist
[25] Enrico Fermi who first outlined¹ the argument back in
1950. This begs the question: where is everybody?
    Back in 1961, astronomer Francis Drake tried to
rationalise this question by developing an equation that
takes into account² all the factors relevant to finding
[30] alien civilisations and gives an estimate of the number
of civilisations out there in the galaxy that should be
able to communicate with us. It considers factors such
as the rate³ of new star formation, how many planets
around those new and existing stars might be able to
[35] support life, the number of planets supporting intelligent
life, how many of those civilisations might have
technology we can detect, whether they’re likely to
communicate with us here on Earth, and so on.
The search for extraterrestrial intelligence
[40]    Scientists and radio astronomers have started the
search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) in a
systematic manner. Several international organisations,
including the SETI Institute and the SETI League, are
using radio telescopes to detect signals that might have
[45] been produced by intelligent life.
    In 1995, the SETI Institute started Project Phoenix,
which used three of the most powerful radio telescopes
in the world: the Green Bank radio telescope in West
Virginia, USA; the Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico;
[50] and the Parkes radio telescope in NSW, Australia.
During its initial phase, Project Phoenix used the
Parkes telescope to search for signals coming from 202
Sun-like stars as distant as 155 light years away. By the
end of its operations, Project Phoenix had scanned a
[55] total of 800 ‘nearby’⁴ (up to 240 light years away) stars
for signs of life. The project detected some cosmic
noises, but none of that could be attributed to aliens.
    These days, anyone can become involved in the
search for extraterrestrial intelligence through their
[60] personal computer.
    While there’s currently excitement about sending
human crews to Mars, missions beyond the Red Planet
are at this stage pretty much not feasible⁵ the distances
and travel times involved are simply too great.
[65] Basically, all exploration for life beyond Earth will need
to be done using robotic space probes⁶ and landing
rovers. These instruments can provide a huge wealth of
information and are capable of exploring as far away as

Pluto, perhaps even beyond our solar system. But as
[70] for life beyond the solar system, the nearest stars are
several light years away, and even communications by
electromagnetic waves (which all travel at the speed of
light) are essentially going to be a one-way message.
    While we probably won’t find intelligent life too close
[75] to home, there’s a chance we may still find much
simpler life forms. Do we have neighbours beyond
Earth? Time will tell—and the search continues.

(Adapted from https://www.science.org.au/curious/space-time/search-lifebeyond-earth – Access on 16/02/19)

 

Glossary:
    1. to outline – describe or give the main fact about something
    2. to take into account – consider something
    3. rate – expansion
    4. nearby – short distance away
    5. feasible – appropriate; suitable
    6. space probe – spy satellite

According to paragraph 2,

Directions: Read the text below and answer question according to the text.

 

TEXT

 

The search for life beyond Earth

 

    We have always been fascinated by the thought of
alien life elsewhere in the universe. The idea has
provided the basis for a huge wealth of science fiction
stories that have been limited only by our imaginations.
[5] But can other creatures exist in the vast reaches of
space or on other planets or moons? And are there
other intelligent forms of life out there—or are we more
likely to find something much simpler?
Where are all the aliens?
[10]    Our Sun is just one star among billions in our
galaxy. In the last few years, scientists have detected
thousands of planets around other stars and it seems
that most stars have planetary systems. It’s therefore
likely that there will be large numbers of habitable
[15] planets in the Milky Way galaxy and beyond that are
capable of supporting intelligent life. Some of these
intelligent civilisations, if they’re out there, may have
even developed interstellar travel.
Are there other intelligent forms of life out there—or
[20] are we more likely to find something much simpler?
    But Earth hasn’t been visited by any intelligent
aliens (yet?). This apparent high probability of life,
combined with a lack of evidence for its existence, is
called the Fermi Paradox, named for the physicist
[25] Enrico Fermi who first outlined¹ the argument back in
1950. This begs the question: where is everybody?
    Back in 1961, astronomer Francis Drake tried to
rationalise this question by developing an equation that
takes into account² all the factors relevant to finding
[30] alien civilisations and gives an estimate of the number
of civilisations out there in the galaxy that should be
able to communicate with us. It considers factors such
as the rate³ of new star formation, how many planets
around those new and existing stars might be able to
[35] support life, the number of planets supporting intelligent
life, how many of those civilisations might have
technology we can detect, whether they’re likely to
communicate with us here on Earth, and so on.
The search for extraterrestrial intelligence
[40]    Scientists and radio astronomers have started the
search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) in a
systematic manner. Several international organisations,
including the SETI Institute and the SETI League, are
using radio telescopes to detect signals that might have
[45] been produced by intelligent life.
    In 1995, the SETI Institute started Project Phoenix,
which used three of the most powerful radio telescopes
in the world: the Green Bank radio telescope in West
Virginia, USA; the Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico;
[50] and the Parkes radio telescope in NSW, Australia.
During its initial phase, Project Phoenix used the
Parkes telescope to search for signals coming from 202
Sun-like stars as distant as 155 light years away. By the
end of its operations, Project Phoenix had scanned a
[55] total of 800 ‘nearby’⁴ (up to 240 light years away) stars
for signs of life. The project detected some cosmic
noises, but none of that could be attributed to aliens.
    These days, anyone can become involved in the
search for extraterrestrial intelligence through their
[60] personal computer.
    While there’s currently excitement about sending
human crews to Mars, missions beyond the Red Planet
are at this stage pretty much not feasible⁵ the distances
and travel times involved are simply too great.
[65] Basically, all exploration for life beyond Earth will need
to be done using robotic space probes⁶ and landing
rovers. These instruments can provide a huge wealth of
information and are capable of exploring as far away as

Pluto, perhaps even beyond our solar system. But as
[70] for life beyond the solar system, the nearest stars are
several light years away, and even communications by
electromagnetic waves (which all travel at the speed of
light) are essentially going to be a one-way message.
    While we probably won’t find intelligent life too close
[75] to home, there’s a chance we may still find much
simpler life forms. Do we have neighbours beyond
Earth? Time will tell—and the search continues.

(Adapted from https://www.science.org.au/curious/space-time/search-lifebeyond-earth – Access on 16/02/19)

 

Glossary:
    1. to outline – describe or give the main fact about something
    2. to take into account – consider something
    3. rate – expansion
    4. nearby – short distance away
    5. feasible – appropriate; suitable
    6. space probe – spy satellite

“the basis for a huge wealth of science fiction stories” (lines 3 and 4).

 

The underlined word is a synonym for

Leia o texto e analise os dois mapas para responder à questão.

 

Cerrado

    Located between the Amazon, Atlantic Forests and Pantanal, the Cerrado is the largest savanna region in South America.

    The Cerrado is one of the most threatened and overexploited regions in Brazil, second only to the Atlantic Forests in vegetation loss and deforestation. Unsustainable agricultural activities, particularly soy production and cattle ranching, as well as burning of vegetation for charcoal, continue to pose a major threat to the Cerrado’s biodiversity. Despite its environmental importance, it is one of the least protected regions in Brazil.

 

    Facts & Figures

    • Covering 2 million km² , or 21% of the country’s territory, the Cerrado is the second largest vegetation type in Brazil.

    • The area is equivalent to the size of England, France, Germany, Italy and Spain combined.

    • More than 1,600 species of mammals, birds and reptiles have been identified in the Cerrado.

    • Annual rainfall is around 800 to 1600 mm.

    • The capital of Brazil, Brasilia, is located in the heart of the Cerrado.

    • Only 20% of the Cerrado’s original vegetation remains intact; less than 3% of the area is currently guarded by law.

(http://wwf.panda.org. Adaptado.)

 

Map 1

Map 2

By comparing maps 1 and 2, one can say that the Brazilian administrative area totally covered by the Cerrado is