Questões de Inglês

Do young people care about privacy?

 

  We seem to be moving closer to a world where

every aspect of our lives is recorded, whether we like

it or not. And once our data is shared on the internet,

we lose control over it…

  Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg thinks the age

of privacy is over…but a team of Italian researchers is

not so sure about that…They’re working on a mobile

application that will allow users to regain control of

their personal data.

  Mattia Pasolli, Application Developer at the

project, known as the ‘Mobile Territorial Laboratory’

(MTL), reports that “All the people who don’t use

Facebook because of privacy issues might use it,

because they will know they have a sort of firewall that

precisely tells them what information is being shared

with external services.”

  The application is being tested with 80 families in

the Northern Italian city of Trento. Every family has a

smartphone that collects data about their lives.

  Fabrizio Antonelli, Director of the Mobile

Territorial Laboratory, explains that “The instrument

we used is called personal data store. It represents

a sort of security box for data, where we keep all the

information we collect about the person. Here, each

person can see the life cycle of his or her own data,

and see who has used that data, when, and for what

purpose.”

  The research has been developed through the

principle of “participatory design”. The application

is developed through the participation of the 80

families taking part. It’s a real community and they

knew each other before the research.

  Community Manager of MTL Erica Paris says

it could be a learning experience for users. “People

can learn a lot from this initiative, because through

this project they realise the amount of data that is

collected about them, including data from applications

other than ours. It’s something that they did not know

before”.

  Mattia Pasolli says Europe has a long way to

go to emulate America. “In the United States, there

are cultural factors that facilitate the creation of very

innovative small start-ups. But in Europe the mentality

of ‘trial, failure and trying again’ is not still totally

accepted or part of our culture”.

  One of the goals of the project is to improve

people’s quality of life through information and

communication technologies. The researchers hope

to anticipate the future trends in society.

 

Available at: <http://www.euronews.com/2013/06/03/do-young-people-care-about-privacy/> Retrieved on: Sept. 7th, 2013. Adapted. 

In Text II, one notices that Mattia Passoli

Rise in violence ‘linked to climate change’

Rebecca Morelle (Science reporter, BBC World Service )

  Shifts in climate are strongly linked to increases

in violence around the world, a study suggests.

  US scientists found that even small changes

in temperature or rainfall correlated with a rise in

assaults, rapes and murders, as well as group

conflicts and war. The team says that with the current

projected levels of climate change, the world is likely

to become a more violent place.

  Marshall Burke, from the University of California,

Berkeley, said: “This is a relationship we observe

across time and across all major continents around

the world. The relationship we find between these

climate variables and conflict outcomes are often very

large.”

  The researchers looked at 60 studies from

around the world, with data spanning hundreds of

years. They report a “substantial” correlation between

climate and conflict. Their examples include an

increase in domestic violence in India during recent

droughts, and a spike in assaults, rapes and murders

during heatwaves in the US. The report also suggests

rising temperatures correlated with larger conflicts,

including ethnic clashes in Europe and civil wars in

Africa.

  Mr Burke said: “We want to be careful, you

don’t want to attribute any single event to climate

in particular, but there are some really interesting

results.”

  The researchers say they are now trying to

understand why this relationship exists. “The literature

offers a couple of different hints,” explained Mr Burke.

“One of the main mechanisms that seems to be at

play is changes in economic conditions. We know that

climate affects economic conditions around the world,

particularly agrarian parts of the world.

  “There is lots of evidence that changes in

economic conditions affect people’s decisions about

whether or not to join a rebellion, for example.” But

he said there could also be a physiological basis,

because some studies suggest that heat causes

people to be prone to aggression.

  “It is a major priority for future research to

distinguish between what is going on in each

particular situation.” The scientists say that with the

current projected levels of climate change the world is

likely to become a more violent place. They estimate

that a 2C (3.6F) rise in global temperature could see

personal crimes increase by about 15%, and group

conflicts rise by more than 50% in some regions.

  Commenting on the research, Dr Stephan

Harrison from the University of Exeter said it was

a “timely study”. “What they have found is entirely

plausible... For example, we already know that

hotter and drier weather causes an increase in urban

violence. Likewise, during cooler and wetter weather

people tend to stay indoors, and the threat diminishes.”

However, other researchers have questioned whether

climate breeds conflict.

 

Available at: <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/scienceenvironment-23538771>. Retrieved on: Sept. 7th 5 , 2013. 

In the sentence of Text I: “other researchers have questioned whether climate breeds conflict” (lines 57-58), the author implies that researchers are 

Rise in violence ‘linked to climate change’

Rebecca Morelle (Science reporter, BBC World Service )

  Shifts in climate are strongly linked to increases

in violence around the world, a study suggests.

  US scientists found that even small changes

in temperature or rainfall correlated with a rise in

assaults, rapes and murders, as well as group

conflicts and war. The team says that with the current

projected levels of climate change, the world is likely

to become a more violent place.

  Marshall Burke, from the University of California,

Berkeley, said: “This is a relationship we observe

across time and across all major continents around

the world. The relationship we find between these

climate variables and conflict outcomes are often very

large.”

  The researchers looked at 60 studies from

around the world, with data spanning hundreds of

years. They report a “substantial” correlation between

climate and conflict. Their examples include an

increase in domestic violence in India during recent

droughts, and a spike in assaults, rapes and murders

during heatwaves in the US. The report also suggests

rising temperatures correlated with larger conflicts,

including ethnic clashes in Europe and civil wars in

Africa.

  Mr Burke said: “We want to be careful, you

don’t want to attribute any single event to climate

in particular, but there are some really interesting

results.”

  The researchers say they are now trying to

understand why this relationship exists. “The literature

offers a couple of different hints,” explained Mr Burke.

“One of the main mechanisms that seems to be at

play is changes in economic conditions. We know that

climate affects economic conditions around the world,

particularly agrarian parts of the world.

  “There is lots of evidence that changes in

economic conditions affect people’s decisions about

whether or not to join a rebellion, for example.” But

he said there could also be a physiological basis,

because some studies suggest that heat causes

people to be prone to aggression.

  “It is a major priority for future research to

distinguish between what is going on in each

particular situation.” The scientists say that with the

current projected levels of climate change the world is

likely to become a more violent place. They estimate

that a 2C (3.6F) rise in global temperature could see

personal crimes increase by about 15%, and group

conflicts rise by more than 50% in some regions.

  Commenting on the research, Dr Stephan

Harrison from the University of Exeter said it was

a “timely study”. “What they have found is entirely

plausible... For example, we already know that

hotter and drier weather causes an increase in urban

violence. Likewise, during cooler and wetter weather

people tend to stay indoors, and the threat diminishes.”

However, other researchers have questioned whether

climate breeds conflict.

 

Available at: <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/scienceenvironment-23538771>. Retrieved on: Sept. 7th 5 , 2013. 

The studies reported in Text I have confirmed all of the following affirmatives, EXCEPT that 

Rise in violence ‘linked to climate change’

Rebecca Morelle (Science reporter, BBC World Service )

  Shifts in climate are strongly linked to increases

in violence around the world, a study suggests.

  US scientists found that even small changes

in temperature or rainfall correlated with a rise in

assaults, rapes and murders, as well as group

conflicts and war. The team says that with the current

projected levels of climate change, the world is likely

to become a more violent place.

  Marshall Burke, from the University of California,

Berkeley, said: “This is a relationship we observe

across time and across all major continents around

the world. The relationship we find between these

climate variables and conflict outcomes are often very

large.”

  The researchers looked at 60 studies from

around the world, with data spanning hundreds of

years. They report a “substantial” correlation between

climate and conflict. Their examples include an

increase in domestic violence in India during recent

droughts, and a spike in assaults, rapes and murders

during heatwaves in the US. The report also suggests

rising temperatures correlated with larger conflicts,

including ethnic clashes in Europe and civil wars in

Africa.

  Mr Burke said: “We want to be careful, you

don’t want to attribute any single event to climate

in particular, but there are some really interesting

results.”

  The researchers say they are now trying to

understand why this relationship exists. “The literature

offers a couple of different hints,” explained Mr Burke.

“One of the main mechanisms that seems to be at

play is changes in economic conditions. We know that

climate affects economic conditions around the world,

particularly agrarian parts of the world.

  “There is lots of evidence that changes in

economic conditions affect people’s decisions about

whether or not to join a rebellion, for example.” But

he said there could also be a physiological basis,

because some studies suggest that heat causes

people to be prone to aggression.

  “It is a major priority for future research to

distinguish between what is going on in each

particular situation.” The scientists say that with the

current projected levels of climate change the world is

likely to become a more violent place. They estimate

that a 2C (3.6F) rise in global temperature could see

personal crimes increase by about 15%, and group

conflicts rise by more than 50% in some regions.

  Commenting on the research, Dr Stephan

Harrison from the University of Exeter said it was

a “timely study”. “What they have found is entirely

plausible... For example, we already know that

hotter and drier weather causes an increase in urban

violence. Likewise, during cooler and wetter weather

people tend to stay indoors, and the threat diminishes.”

However, other researchers have questioned whether

climate breeds conflict.

 

Available at: <http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/scienceenvironment-23538771>. Retrieved on: Sept. 7th 5 , 2013. 

In Text I, the boldfaced item is synonymous with the item in italics in 

The word which means the same as ANYWAY is

In the 4th frame, the word ANYWAY means that