Questões de Inglês

TEXTO:

 

  Life in the age of internet addiction 

          Just one more tweet, dad! 

 

  Anyone who spends their day staring at screens 

can speak to the modern-day epidemic of eye fatigue. 

But what is our digital obsession doing to our brains? 

Researchers have noted a rise in something called Digital 

[5] Attention Disorder — the addiction to social networks 

and computers in general. 

  How does it work? More than 50 years ago, 

psychologist B.F. Skinner was experimenting on rats 

and pigeons, and noticed that the unpredictability of 

[10] reward was a major motivator for animals. If a reward 

arrives either predictably or too infrequently, the animal 

eventually loses interest. But when there was anticipation 

of a reward that comes with just enough frequency, the 

animals’ brains would consistently release dopamine, a 

[15] neurotransmitter in the brain that (basically) regulates 

pleasure. 

  What does this have to do with the internet? Some 

researchers believe that intermittent reinforcement — in 

the form of texts, tweets, and various other social 

[20] media — may be working on our brains the same way 

rewards did on Skinner’s rats. “Internet addiction is the 

same as any other addiction — excessive release of 

dopamine,” says Hilarie Cash, executive director of the 

reStart program for internet addiction and recovery, a 

[25] Seattle-area rehab program that helps wean people off 

the internet. “Addiction is addiction. Whether it’s 

gambling, cocaine, alcohol, or Facebook.” 

  “The vast majority of the American population is 

mildly addicted to technology, and our clinic treats only 

[30] very serious cases,” she told me in a phone interview. 

“Most of the people that come are young adult males 

around the ages of 18 to 30 who spend a lot of time on 

the internet. Their health is poor, their social relationships 

have turned to crap, they have no social confidence or 

[35] real-world friends. They don’t date. They don’t work.” 

  Internet and video game addiction starts young. 

Most young men are given computer or video games 

when they are five or six years old and therefore their 

childhood development is profoundly wired for these 

[40] activities. It’s quite different to drug addicts and alcoholics 

who are usually exposed to drugs or alcohol closer to 

the age of 15. Internet addicts usually have 15 to 20 

years of addiction on them due to starting younger. 

  The problem isn’t just young men, either. “Women 

[45] are getting addicted, too,” Cash told me. ”Although 

women usually become addicted later in life and, more 

often than not, directly to social media, while men are 

more adept to becoming addicted to multiplayer games. 

Women seem to juggle addiction and life better than 

[50] men.” 

Life in the age of internet addiction. Disponível em: . Acesso em:12 out. 2013.

 

About the psychologist B.F. Skinner’s experiment mentioned in the text, it’s correct to say that it

Leia o texto 2.

 

IS IT FREE?

I´m writing to you because I´ve just read “New Routes” Magazine and I adored it. It is informative, full of wisdom and insight, directly related to my work as a teacher. Its teaching context is useful a lot. It is a wonderful publication and helps teachers to teach English through different ways. There are also many interesting things to read. I´ve loved the text and suggestions the last edition has given to me. Well, it´s only these comments about “New Routes”. Could you, please, send me this good tool specially to help my work? Is it FREE? I suppose, yes. Many thanks,

Mrs. Carmen Goldmann Scherer – Santa Cruz do Sul – RS – by e-mail

NR: Yes, “New Route” is free for all DISAL clients. For further information visit the website www:disal.com.br or email: neia@disal.com.br

Fonte: NEW ROUTE, JULY 18TH 2002.

De acordo com o texto 2, é incorreto afirmar que

About this comic strip, it’s correct to say:

TEXTO:

 

Ebony And Ivory

Ebony and ivory live together in perfect harmony

Side by side on my piano keyboard, oh lord, why

don’t we?

We all know that people are the same wherever

[5] we go

There is good and bad in ev’ryone,

We learn to live, we learn to give

each other what we need to survive together alive.

MACCARTNEY, Paul. Ebony And Ivory. Disponível em: www.vagalume.com.br/paulmccartney/ebony And Ivory. html. Acesso em: 12 out. 2013.

This is an excerpt from a famous hit by Paul McCartney. Concerning its main idea, it’s correct to say that it i

TEXTO:

    New photos of a huge crater on Mars suggest water

may lurk in crevices under the planet’s surface, hinting

that life might have once lived there, and raising the

possibility that it may live there still, researchers say.

[5] Future research looking into the chances of life on Mars

could shed light on the origins of life on Earth, scientists

added. […]

    Space agencies have deployed many missions to

Mars over the decades to explore how habitable its

[10] surface may have been or is today. However, the Martian

surface has been extremely cold, arid and chemically

hostile to life as we know it for most of the history of

Mars. Instead of scanning the surface of Mars for life,

scientists have suggested the most viable habitat for

[15] ancient simple life may have been in Martian water hidden

underground.

    On Earth, microbes up to 3 miles or more

underground make up perhaps half of all of the planet’s

living matter. Most of these organisms represent some

[20] of the most primitive kinds of microbes known, hinting

that life may actually have started underground, or at

least survived there during a series of devastating cosmic

impacts known as the Late Heavy Bombardment that

Earth and the rest of the inner solar system endured

[25] about 4.1 billion to 3.8 billion years ago.

    Since Mars has less gravity — a surface gravity of

a little more than one-third Earth’s — its crust is less

dense and more porous than that of our planet,

which means that more water can leak underground,

[30] researchers said. Wherever there is liquid water on Earth,

there is virtually always life, and microbes underground

on Mars could be sustained by energy sources

and chemical reactions similar to those that support

deep-dwelling organisms on Earth.

[35]    “The deep crust has always been the most habitable

place on Mars, and would be a wise place to search for

evidence for organic processes in the future,” Michalski

[of the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Ariz.] told

SPACE.com.

A wet Mars underground. Disponível em: <http://www.foxnews.com/science/2013/01/21/giant-mars-crater-shows-evidence-lake-life/ #ixzz2IcWy5oCl>. Acesso em: 12 out. 2013.

Considering language use in the text, it’s correct to say:

TEXTO:

    New photos of a huge crater on Mars suggest water

may lurk in crevices under the planet’s surface, hinting

that life might have once lived there, and raising the

possibility that it may live there still, researchers say.

[5] Future research looking into the chances of life on Mars

could shed light on the origins of life on Earth, scientists

added. […]

    Space agencies have deployed many missions to

Mars over the decades to explore how habitable its

[10] surface may have been or is today. However, the Martian

surface has been extremely cold, arid and chemically

hostile to life as we know it for most of the history of

Mars. Instead of scanning the surface of Mars for life,

scientists have suggested the most viable habitat for

[15] ancient simple life may have been in Martian water hidden

underground.

    On Earth, microbes up to 3 miles or more

underground make up perhaps half of all of the planet’s

living matter. Most of these organisms represent some

[20] of the most primitive kinds of microbes known, hinting

that life may actually have started underground, or at

least survived there during a series of devastating cosmic

impacts known as the Late Heavy Bombardment that

Earth and the rest of the inner solar system endured

[25] about 4.1 billion to 3.8 billion years ago.

    Since Mars has less gravity — a surface gravity of

a little more than one-third Earth’s — its crust is less

dense and more porous than that of our planet,

which means that more water can leak underground,

[30] researchers said. Wherever there is liquid water on Earth,

there is virtually always life, and microbes underground

on Mars could be sustained by energy sources

and chemical reactions similar to those that support

deep-dwelling organisms on Earth.

[35]    “The deep crust has always been the most habitable

place on Mars, and would be a wise place to search for

evidence for organic processes in the future,” Michalski

[of the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Ariz.] told

SPACE.com.

A wet Mars underground. Disponível em: <http://www.foxnews.com/science/2013/01/21/giant-mars-crater-shows-evidence-lake-life/ #ixzz2IcWy5oCl>. Acesso em: 12 out. 2013.

As far as Mars and Earth are compared in the 4^th paragraph of the text, the only statement that is NOT TRUE is that