Questões de Inglês

Read the text below and choose the best answer.

LIFE COACHING - YOU KNOW WHAT YOUR PROBLEM IS?

Derek Workman

    These days it seems that there's always someone there to pick you up, help you out and give your life a new start.

    You can find someone to choose your clothes for you, or sort out your wardrobe, if you already have enough; there's someone to arrange your dinner parties and someone else who will look after your diary, or if life just seems to be too much trouble to do anything at all, you can find a psychotherapist to help you deal with your problems.

    Fine as it is to have all this help at hand, if we look closely at ourselves, we can begin to see that we don't actually need all these people to look after us. To help us do this is the role of the Life Coach - someone who won't judge us, who won't tell us what to do and is there to support us in those nervous life decisions that we all have to make.

    Mike Lewis was a self-confessed computer geek in his hometown of Southampton, England, but rose high up the corporate ladder in California. He now lives in a small coastal town in Spain where he acts as a Life Coach to clients in Europe, America, India and Australia, chatting with them on a regular basis by telephone. But why should we need anybody to help us along?

    A life coach is basically a support system for people who want to make some change in their life. The significant thing about personal development is this: there's relatively few people that I've ever met that don't want to get on in life, but it's hard to get on if you try and find all this stimulus from the outside. The difference between coaching and other forms of personal development is primarily this: with life coaching, nobody tells you what to do, nobody tells you who you should be, nobody tries to change you 'cause we're all perfect as we are! What a life coach does is encourage you to find the answers to all life's problems from within, not from without.

Fonte: Revista Speak UP, edição 201, fev. 2004.

Read the text below and choose the best answer.

LIFE COACHING - YOU KNOW WHAT YOUR PROBLEM IS?

Derek Workman

    These days it seems that there's always someone there to pick you up, help you out and give your life a new start.

    You can find someone to choose your clothes for you, or sort out your wardrobe, if you already have enough; there's someone to arrange your dinner parties and someone else who will look after your diary, or if life just seems to be too much trouble to do anything at all, you can find a psychotherapist to help you deal with your problems.

    Fine as it is to have all this help at hand, if we look closely at ourselves, we can begin to see that we don't actually need all these people to look after us. To help us do this is the role of the Life Coach - someone who won't judge us, who won't tell us what to do and is there to support us in those nervous life decisions that we all have to make.

    Mike Lewis was a self-confessed computer geek in his hometown of Southampton, England, but rose high up the corporate ladder in California. He now lives in a small coastal town in Spain where he acts as a Life Coach to clients in Europe, America, India and Australia, chatting with them on a regular basis by telephone. But why should we need anybody to help us along?

    A life coach is basically a support system for people who want to make some change in their life. The significant thing about personal development is this: there's relatively few people that I've ever met that don't want to get on in life, but it's hard to get on if you try and find all this stimulus from the outside. The difference between coaching and other forms of personal development is primarily this: with life coaching, nobody tells you what to do, nobody tells you who you should be, nobody tries to change you 'cause we're all perfect as we are! What a life coach does is encourage you to find the answers to all life's problems from within, not from without.

Fonte: Revista Speak UP, edição 201, fev. 2004.

Read the text below and choose the best answer.

LIFE COACHING - YOU KNOW WHAT YOUR PROBLEM IS?

Derek Workman

    These days it seems that there's always someone there to pick you up, help you out and give your life a new start.

    You can find someone to choose your clothes for you, or sort out your wardrobe, if you already have enough; there's someone to arrange your dinner parties and someone else who will look after your diary, or if life just seems to be too much trouble to do anything at all, you can find a psychotherapist to help you deal with your problems.

    Fine as it is to have all this help at hand, if we look closely at ourselves, we can begin to see that we don't actually need all these people to look after us. To help us do this is the role of the Life Coach - someone who won't judge us, who won't tell us what to do and is there to support us in those nervous life decisions that we all have to make.

    Mike Lewis was a self-confessed computer geek in his hometown of Southampton, England, but rose high up the corporate ladder in California. He now lives in a small coastal town in Spain where he acts as a Life Coach to clients in Europe, America, India and Australia, chatting with them on a regular basis by telephone. But why should we need anybody to help us along?

    A life coach is basically a support system for people who want to make some change in their life. The significant thing about personal development is this: there's relatively few people that I've ever met that don't want to get on in life, but it's hard to get on if you try and find all this stimulus from the outside. The difference between coaching and other forms of personal development is primarily this: with life coaching, nobody tells you what to do, nobody tells you who you should be, nobody tries to change you 'cause we're all perfect as we are! What a life coach does is encourage you to find the answers to all life's problems from within, not from without.

Fonte: Revista Speak UP, edição 201, fev. 2004.

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

The Right to a “Custody Hearing” under International Law

by Maria Laura Canineu

February 3, 2014

    A person who is arrested has a right to be brought promptly before a judge. This is a longstanding and fundamental principle of international law, crucial for ensuring that the person’s arrest, treatment, and any ongoing detention are lawful.

    Yet, until now, Brazil has not respected this right. Detainees often go months before seeing a judge. For instance, in São Paulo state, which houses 37 percent of Brazil’s total prison population, most detainees are not brought before a judge for at least three months. The risk of ill-treatment is often highest during the initial stages of detention, when police are questioning a suspect. The delay makes detainees more vulnerable to torture and other serious forms of mistreatment by abusive police officers.

    In 2012, the UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment reported that it had received “repeated and consistent accounts of torture and ill-treatment” in São Paulo and other Brazilian states, “committed by, in particular, the military and civil police.” The torture had allegedly occurred in police custody or at the moment of arrest, on the street, inside private homes, or in hidden outdoor areas, and was described as “gratuitous violence, as a form of punishment, to extract confessions, and as a means of extortion.”

    In addition to violating the rights of detainees, these abusive practices make it more difficult for the police to establish the kind of public trust that is often crucial for effective crime control. These practices undermine legitimate efforts to promote public security and curb violent crime, and thus have a negative impact on Brazilian society as a whole.

    The right to be brought before a judge without unnecessary delay is enshrined in treaties long ago ratified by Brazil, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the American Convention on Human Rights. The United Nations Human Rights Committee, which is responsible for interpreting the ICCPR, has determined that the delay between the arrest of an accused and the time before he is brought before a judicial authority “should not exceed a few days,” even during states of emergency.

    Other countries in Latin America have incorporated this right into their domestic law. For instance, in Argentina, the federal Criminal Procedure Code requires that in cases of arrest without a judicial order, the detainee must be brought to a competent judicial authority within six hours.

    In contrast, Brazil’s criminal procedure code requires that when an adult is arrested in flagrante and held in police custody, only the police files of the case need to be presented to the judge within 24 hours, not the actual detainee. Judges evaluate the legality of the arrest and make the decision about whether to order continued detention or other precautionary measures based solely on the written documents provided by the police.

    The code establishes a maximum of 60 days for the first judicial hearing with the detainee, but does not explicitly say when this period begins. In practice, this often means that police in Brazil can keep people detained, with formal judicial authorization, for several months, without giving the detainee a chance to actually see a judge.

    According to the code, the only circumstance in which police need to bring a person before the judge immediately applies to cases of crimes not subject to bail in which arresting officer was not able to exhibit the arrest order to the person arrested at the time of arrest. Otherwise, the detainee may also not see a judge for several months.

(www.hrw.org. Editado e adaptado)

TEXTO 

    Pois fora certamente num acesso de empirismo absoluto e radical que, no meio do caminho entre o estacionamento e a escola, ele parara num trailer e comprara um ovo.

     Algo, no entanto, se podia dizer tanto a seu favor como contra: ele não parara ali para comprar o ovo e sim para beber uma coca-cola. E foi só quando viu o homem do trailer preparar para alguém um sanduíche que levava, entre outras coisas, um ovo frito, que sentiu o impulso de comprar um ovo fresco. Embora sua cabeça não estivesse batendo bem (ou talvez por isso mesmo), ele intuía que talvez se encontrasse aí o elo perdido, a chave que lhe permitiria penetrar as trevas, à procura do qual se atormentara enquanto dirigia como um zumbi de casa até à escola. E não era um ovo, literalmente, um embrião? E não era disso que precisava: um embrião que fizesse germinar a aula e o curso?

     A negociação, porém, fora algo penosa. O homem do trailer lhe dissera que os ovos não estavam à venda separadamente dos sanduíches. E ele, por sua vez, fizera ver ao sujeito que estava disposto a pagar pelo ovo o preço de um sanduíche. Ao que o homem retrucara que, vendendo um ovo isoladamente, acabaria desfalcando outro sanduíche, prejudicando outro freguês. Ao que ele contra-argumentara que não tinha problema, compraria um sanduíche, só que ao invés de ter um ovo dentro, queria o ovo fora, o que acabou prevalecendo, sob os olhares desconfiados de outros fregueses, a maioria de estudantes, gente convencional e ciosa de seus hamburguers e similares. Além disso, a vizinhança da Pinel deixava as pessoas sempre de sobreaviso, ao menor sinal de um comportamento mais inusitado.  

     Com a sacola no ombro, ele foi se afastando como o sanduíche numa das mãos e o ovo na outra, e esperou até encontrar-se a uma distância razoável do trailer para oferecer, despistadamente, o seu cheeseburger a um dos inúmeros gatos esquálidos que frequentavam o campus. E, mesmo na situação aflitiva em que se encontrava, não pôde deixar de pensar que o acaso, do qual acabara de ser instrumento, governava o destino dos seres, como aquele gato, que, de repente, via cair diante de sua boca uma refeição requintada. Tal pensamento fez-lhe bem, mas logo o peso da realidade recaiu sobre ele, a realidade da aula que tinha de dar, regida pelas mesmas leis: as do acaso.

    [...]

(SANT’ANNA, Sérgio. Breve história do espírito. São Paulo, Companhia das Letras, 1991. p. 63-64. Adaptada.)

    TEXTO 

    — Desculpe-me, Prof. Ventrilli; mas são justamente os cantos de guerra que levantam as massas. São eles que entram na alma do povo. A música de guerra e a música folclórica, que exprime o sentimento do homem. Do homem sem pátria, do homem-humanidade, digamos. O homem universal, sem restrições de interesses personalísticos e sem inibições naturais de pátria, religião, família... Não a música clássica que apenas revela a alma de um artista. O sentimento de um homem. E, só excepcionalmente as reações desse artista, desse homem, são as reações de toda uma nação. A música que se batizou de clássica é música para minoria, uma elite. Música para ouvidos educados e não para o coração virgem do homem do povo. Por isso lhe dá sono. A música folclórica, ao contrário, logo que penetra no tímpano, ecoa na alma. Na primeira audição. Seja o folclore argentino ouvido por um dos nossos sertanejos... Sejam as canções do mujique entrando nos ouvidos dos selvagens da América. O aboio das nossas vaquejadas, o fado nostálgico do lusitano, a música quente das castanholas e os rufos bárbaros das populações primitivas. Eis sons que só não agradam àqueles cuja educação incompleta os proíbe de as apreciar. Música de âmago para íntimo. Eu concebo, Professor, a música como a primeira das artes. Mas essa música que a gente sente logo, não a que a gente tem que entender para sentir. Penso mesmo que amanhã só esses raros trechos da música de Chopin, Mozart, Beethoven, Haydn, Tchaikowsky serão ouvidos. Assim mesmo adulterados, com ritmos diferentes, adaptados ao sentimento imutável do povo. Cá no Brasil, as nossas grandes figuras cederão a batuta para um Zequinha de Abreu, um Catulo. [...] É bom que se destrua o que separa os homens. Busquemos só a música que se faz anônima no uso do povo. Música que se situará no meio, entre os tangos, rumbas, sambas, fados de um lado e do outro as sinfonias, as ouvertures pomposas, os prelúdios e as finales barulhentas: que esta seja a música do futuro, Prof. Ventrilli!...

[...]

    O ideal seria o povo elevar-se até à compreensão da música dos clássicos. O sentimento se educa. Música imortal tem tanto do sentimento do homem, da humanidade, como os aboios tradicionais. [...]

(LEÃO, Ursulino. Maya. 2. ed. Goiânia: Kelps, 1975. p. 91-93.)