Questões de Inglês

HUNDREDS LEAVE SOUTH AFRICA AFTER ANTI-IMMI VIOLENCE 

JOHANNESBURG (AP) — Worried about

their safety, hundreds of African immigrants

headed out of South Africa in buses on Monday

following deadly attacks on foreign-owned shops.

South Africa’s anti-immigrant attacks have

angered many across the continent. South African

diplomats in at least two other African countries

reported threats of reprisal attacks because of the

violence at home. The outbreak of violence in

South Africa against immigrants has tarnished the

reputation of a country that has one of the biggest

economies on the continent and has been a

destination for people seeking opportunity and an

escape from turbulence elsewhere in Africa. (A)

South Africa was also dubbed the “rainbow nation”

for its relatively peaceful transition to democracy

after the end of white racist rule in 1994.

Now the government is struggling to contain

negative fallout from attacks on immigrants in

some areas of Durban and Johannesburg that killed

seven people since the end of March. Activists in

some African countries organized protests and

called for a boycott of South African goods, as

South Africa is a powerful trading partner in the

region. (B)

The South African government should be

“less reactive and more proactive” in dealing with

tensions over immigrants and the country should

“be a bit more humble” about its aspirations as a

continental leader, said Prof. Chris Landsberg, an

African diplomacy and foreign policy expert at the

University of Johannesburg. “We are in denial,”

Landsberg said.

President Jacob Zuma postponed a ceremony

in which the country’s highest official honor is

bestowed on South Africans and foreigners who

have contributed to South Africa, his office said.

The event will be postponed so South Africa can

mourn the victims of the anti-immigrant violence,

including three South Africans and four foreigners,

it was said.

In Malawi, Information Minister Kondwani

Nankhumwa said six buses carrying 390

Malawians from Durban were heading to Malawi.

Isaac Moyo, Zimbabwe’s ambassador to South

Africa said about 400 Zimbabweans were also

heading home from South Africa.

Louis Lulu Mnguni, South Africa’s top

diplomat in Nigeria, said his Lagos mission has

warned South African citizens in Nigeria “to

exercise vigilance and limit their movements”

following threats of reprisal attacks. (C)

The attacks in South Africa stem from a

perception that immigrants, many from other

African countries, are taking jobs at the expense of

South Africans in a country with high

unemployment. Many people have entered South

Africa illegally, though the government has said a

large number of immigrants are working legally

and contributing to economic development.

The violence recalls similar unrest in South

Africa in 2008 in which 60 people died. (D) In

January this year, four people died during looting of

foreign-owned shops in areas of Johannesburg.

The violence is particularly unfortunate

because other African nations provided shelter and

other aid to South African activists during the battle

against white minority rule, said Xingwana, the

South African diplomat in Ghana. (E) “The young

people have forgotten the contribution of African

countries to South Africa’s fight against Apartheid

and need to be educated on this”, she said.

Adapted from: Hundreds Leave South Africa After Anti-immigrant Violence. Available at: <http://www.apnewsarchive.com/2015/ Hundreds-of-immigrants-leave-South-Africa-inb u s e s - a f t e r- d e a d l y - a t t a c k s - o n - f o r e i g n - o w n e d - s h o p s / i d - 2 5 2 4 1 6 0 2 2 9 c b 4 0 0 cadf2ec02ce14b934>. Accessed on April 20th, 2015. 

HUNDREDS LEAVE SOUTH AFRICA AFTER ANTI-IMMI VIOLENCE 

JOHANNESBURG (AP) — Worried about

their safety, hundreds of African immigrants

headed out of South Africa in buses on Monday

following deadly attacks on foreign-owned shops.

South Africa’s anti-immigrant attacks have

angered many across the continent. South African

diplomats in at least two other African countries

reported threats of reprisal attacks because of the

violence at home. The outbreak of violence in

South Africa against immigrants has tarnished the

reputation of a country that has one of the biggest

economies on the continent and has been a

destination for people seeking opportunity and an

escape from turbulence elsewhere in Africa. (A)

South Africa was also dubbed the “rainbow nation”

for its relatively peaceful transition to democracy

after the end of white racist rule in 1994.

Now the government is struggling to contain

negative fallout from attacks on immigrants in

some areas of Durban and Johannesburg that killed

seven people since the end of March. Activists in

some African countries organized protests and

called for a boycott of South African goods, as

South Africa is a powerful trading partner in the

region. (B)

The South African government should be

“less reactive and more proactive” in dealing with

tensions over immigrants and the country should

“be a bit more humble” about its aspirations as a

continental leader, said Prof. Chris Landsberg, an

African diplomacy and foreign policy expert at the

University of Johannesburg. “We are in denial,”

Landsberg said.

President Jacob Zuma postponed a ceremony

in which the country’s highest official honor is

bestowed on South Africans and foreigners who

have contributed to South Africa, his office said.

The event will be postponed so South Africa can

mourn the victims of the anti-immigrant violence,

including three South Africans and four foreigners,

it was said.

In Malawi, Information Minister Kondwani

Nankhumwa said six buses carrying 390

Malawians from Durban were heading to Malawi.

Isaac Moyo, Zimbabwe’s ambassador to South

Africa said about 400 Zimbabweans were also

heading home from South Africa.

Louis Lulu Mnguni, South Africa’s top

diplomat in Nigeria, said his Lagos mission has

warned South African citizens in Nigeria “to

exercise vigilance and limit their movements”

following threats of reprisal attacks. (C)

The attacks in South Africa stem from a

perception that immigrants, many from other

African countries, are taking jobs at the expense of

South Africans in a country with high

unemployment. Many people have entered South

Africa illegally, though the government has said a

large number of immigrants are working legally

and contributing to economic development.

The violence recalls similar unrest in South

Africa in 2008 in which 60 people died. (D) In

January this year, four people died during looting of

foreign-owned shops in areas of Johannesburg.

The violence is particularly unfortunate

because other African nations provided shelter and

other aid to South African activists during the battle

against white minority rule, said Xingwana, the

South African diplomat in Ghana. (E) “The young

people have forgotten the contribution of African

countries to South Africa’s fight against Apartheid

and need to be educated on this”, she said.

Adapted from: Hundreds Leave South Africa After Anti-immigrant Violence. Available at: <http://www.apnewsarchive.com/2015/ Hundreds-of-immigrants-leave-South-Africa-inb u s e s - a f t e r- d e a d l y - a t t a c k s - o n - f o r e i g n - o w n e d - s h o p s / i d - 2 5 2 4 1 6 0 2 2 9 c b 4 0 0 cadf2ec02ce14b934>. Accessed on April 20th, 2015. 

HUNDREDS LEAVE SOUTH AFRICA AFTER ANTI-IMMI VIOLENCE 

JOHANNESBURG (AP) — Worried about

their safety, hundreds of African immigrants

headed out of South Africa in buses on Monday

following deadly attacks on foreign-owned shops.

South Africa’s anti-immigrant attacks have

angered many across the continent. South African

diplomats in at least two other African countries

reported threats of reprisal attacks because of the

violence at home. The outbreak of violence in

South Africa against immigrants has tarnished the

reputation of a country that has one of the biggest

economies on the continent and has been a

destination for people seeking opportunity and an

escape from turbulence elsewhere in Africa. (A)

South Africa was also dubbed the “rainbow nation”

for its relatively peaceful transition to democracy

after the end of white racist rule in 1994.

Now the government is struggling to contain

negative fallout from attacks on immigrants in

some areas of Durban and Johannesburg that killed

seven people since the end of March. Activists in

some African countries organized protests and

called for a boycott of South African goods, as

South Africa is a powerful trading partner in the

region. (B)

The South African government should be

“less reactive and more proactive” in dealing with

tensions over immigrants and the country should

“be a bit more humble” about its aspirations as a

continental leader, said Prof. Chris Landsberg, an

African diplomacy and foreign policy expert at the

University of Johannesburg. “We are in denial,”

Landsberg said.

President Jacob Zuma postponed a ceremony

in which the country’s highest official honor is

bestowed on South Africans and foreigners who

have contributed to South Africa, his office said.

The event will be postponed so South Africa can

mourn the victims of the anti-immigrant violence,

including three South Africans and four foreigners,

it was said.

In Malawi, Information Minister Kondwani

Nankhumwa said six buses carrying 390

Malawians from Durban were heading to Malawi.

Isaac Moyo, Zimbabwe’s ambassador to South

Africa said about 400 Zimbabweans were also

heading home from South Africa.

Louis Lulu Mnguni, South Africa’s top

diplomat in Nigeria, said his Lagos mission has

warned South African citizens in Nigeria “to

exercise vigilance and limit their movements”

following threats of reprisal attacks. (C)

The attacks in South Africa stem from a

perception that immigrants, many from other

African countries, are taking jobs at the expense of

South Africans in a country with high

unemployment. Many people have entered South

Africa illegally, though the government has said a

large number of immigrants are working legally

and contributing to economic development.

The violence recalls similar unrest in South

Africa in 2008 in which 60 people died. (D) In

January this year, four people died during looting of

foreign-owned shops in areas of Johannesburg.

The violence is particularly unfortunate

because other African nations provided shelter and

other aid to South African activists during the battle

against white minority rule, said Xingwana, the

South African diplomat in Ghana. (E) “The young

people have forgotten the contribution of African

countries to South Africa’s fight against Apartheid

and need to be educated on this”, she said.

Adapted from: Hundreds Leave South Africa After Anti-immigrant Violence. Available at: <http://www.apnewsarchive.com/2015/ Hundreds-of-immigrants-leave-South-Africa-inb u s e s - a f t e r- d e a d l y - a t t a c k s - o n - f o r e i g n - o w n e d - s h o p s / i d - 2 5 2 4 1 6 0 2 2 9 c b 4 0 0 cadf2ec02ce14b934>. Accessed on April 20th, 2015. 

HUNDREDS LEAVE SOUTH AFRICA AFTER ANTI-IMMI VIOLENCE 

JOHANNESBURG (AP) — Worried about

their safety, hundreds of African immigrants

headed out of South Africa in buses on Monday

following deadly attacks on foreign-owned shops.

South Africa’s anti-immigrant attacks have

angered many across the continent. South African

diplomats in at least two other African countries

reported threats of reprisal attacks because of the

violence at home. The outbreak of violence in

South Africa against immigrants has tarnished the

reputation of a country that has one of the biggest

economies on the continent and has been a

destination for people seeking opportunity and an

escape from turbulence elsewhere in Africa. (A)

South Africa was also dubbed the “rainbow nation”

for its relatively peaceful transition to democracy

after the end of white racist rule in 1994.

Now the government is struggling to contain

negative fallout from attacks on immigrants in

some areas of Durban and Johannesburg that killed

seven people since the end of March. Activists in

some African countries organized protests and

called for a boycott of South African goods, as

South Africa is a powerful trading partner in the

region. (B)

The South African government should be

“less reactive and more proactive” in dealing with

tensions over immigrants and the country should

“be a bit more humble” about its aspirations as a

continental leader, said Prof. Chris Landsberg, an

African diplomacy and foreign policy expert at the

University of Johannesburg. “We are in denial,”

Landsberg said.

President Jacob Zuma postponed a ceremony

in which the country’s highest official honor is

bestowed on South Africans and foreigners who

have contributed to South Africa, his office said.

The event will be postponed so South Africa can

mourn the victims of the anti-immigrant violence,

including three South Africans and four foreigners,

it was said.

In Malawi, Information Minister Kondwani

Nankhumwa said six buses carrying 390

Malawians from Durban were heading to Malawi.

Isaac Moyo, Zimbabwe’s ambassador to South

Africa said about 400 Zimbabweans were also

heading home from South Africa.

Louis Lulu Mnguni, South Africa’s top

diplomat in Nigeria, said his Lagos mission has

warned South African citizens in Nigeria “to

exercise vigilance and limit their movements”

following threats of reprisal attacks. (C)

The attacks in South Africa stem from a

perception that immigrants, many from other

African countries, are taking jobs at the expense of

South Africans in a country with high

unemployment. Many people have entered South

Africa illegally, though the government has said a

large number of immigrants are working legally

and contributing to economic development.

The violence recalls similar unrest in South

Africa in 2008 in which 60 people died. (D) In

January this year, four people died during looting of

foreign-owned shops in areas of Johannesburg.

The violence is particularly unfortunate

because other African nations provided shelter and

other aid to South African activists during the battle

against white minority rule, said Xingwana, the

South African diplomat in Ghana. (E) “The young

people have forgotten the contribution of African

countries to South Africa’s fight against Apartheid

and need to be educated on this”, she said.

Adapted from: Hundreds Leave South Africa After Anti-immigrant Violence. Available at: <http://www.apnewsarchive.com/2015/ Hundreds-of-immigrants-leave-South-Africa-inb u s e s - a f t e r- d e a d l y - a t t a c k s - o n - f o r e i g n - o w n e d - s h o p s / i d - 2 5 2 4 1 6 0 2 2 9 c b 4 0 0 cadf2ec02ce14b934>. Accessed on April 20th, 2015. 

It’s not news to most of us that our environment can

have an impact on our mood. A cloudy day. Working in a

cubicle farm. Growing up in poverty.

But can it also impact our health? There’s a growing

[5] body of research that suggests the beneficial effects of

picking and hanging the “right” artwork in hospitals, to

help healing and improve patients’ mood:

Upali Nanda, who has a doctorate in architecture with

a specialization in health-care systems and design, says

[10] scientific studies show that art can aid in the recovery of

patients, shorten hospital stays and help manage pain.

But she says it has to be the right art – vivid paintings of

landscapes, friendly faces and familiar objects can lower

blood pressure and heart rate, while abstract pictures can

[15] have the opposite effect.

Nanda and two university professors did a study at

Houston’s St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital using two types

of art. In the first group were images that had been proved

to calm patients, including green landscapes, water

[20] scenes, cultural artifacts and emotionally expressive

pictures of people. The second group contained abstract

pieces. When asked which they preferred, most patients

chose images from the first group.

Not surprising, since that opinion reflects most

[25] people’s opinion about those two groups of artwork in the

real world. Ambiguous artwork, such as many abstract

paintings, provokes anxiety in many people, while familiar

scenes of people and the outdoors are more serene

and something most people can identify with. The article

[30] theorizes that people feel more at ease with paintings

of trees, flowers and fields, allowing them to project their

own feelings of uneasiness or anxiety onto them.

Can you imagine how simple and inexpensive

making hospitals look, well, hospitable is, compared

[35] to all the fancy imaging equipment and latest

micro-surgery tools? And yet, these components can be

just as important to a patient’s recovery as taking the right

pills at the right time. Sterile white hallways might make

for a clean environment, but it does nothing for the needs

[40] of being human in such places. After all, hospitals aren’t

technology clean-rooms — they are where we treat

people. And people are emotional and social creatures

who value the familiar.

Of course artwork isn’t going to heal anybody’s

[45] wounds, but it can help speed the healing process

after-the-fact.

GROHOL, J. (2009). Pode Art melhorar sua saúde? Psych Central. Disponível em: <http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2009/09/01/can_art_melhorar_seu_health/>. Acesso em:10 out. 2014.

Text I

When 25-year old Fatuma was raped just a few doors away from her own home in Khayelitsha, South Africa, she knew exactly what to do afterwards. “I was in shock and I felt as though my life was ruined forever. But something in me must have wanted to survive because I knew I mustn’t wash and that I had to get to a clinic within 72 hours to get medicines to protect me from HIV. I had heard it on the radio and read the leaflets.”

This vital information came from the Khayelitsha Thuthuzela Forensic Centre, a “one-stop shop” for survivors of rape that is a beacon of hope in an area of South Africa that has a very high rate of sexual violence. People are advised to go straight to the centre if they are sexually assaulted, to receive emergency HIV prevention medication - a 28-day course of antiretrovirals, known as “PEP”. Once there, they are also offered advice and support on preventing other sexually transmitted diseases, as well avoiding unwanted pregnancies. They are given psychological support and, if they want it, help to seek justice. “Because South Africa has such a high prevalence of HIV, survivors of sexual assault are increasingly aware that it is essential to receive HIV prevention medication quickly. When it is taken properly, within 72 hours of a person being exposed to the virus, PEP can reduce the risk of infection by 80%.” says Dr. Genine Josias, the centre’s medical coordinator.

The need in South Africa for PEP, which stands for post-exposure prophylaxis, cannot be underestimated. Globally, the country has the largest number of people living with HIV. This, combined with high rates of sexual violence, means sizeable numbers of people are at risk of being infected with the virus. PEP has been available in South Africa since the 1990s. Understanding of how effective it can be has been growing both amongst health providers and people who may need it. However, as in other countries, compliance with the PEP drug regimen is a challenge. “Recent evidence shows that globally only around 40% of victims of sexual assault who begin PEP complete the course properly,” said Dr Nathan Ford from WHO’s department of HIV/AIDS. “This is partly due to the complexity of prescribing PEP and also to the side effects of some of the drugs used,” he added. Dr Josias, however, believes that another reason for many survivors of sexual assault not completing their course of PEP is because they underestimate the risk of their being infected with HIV. “Victims often know their attacker and think they also know their HIV status. But they may well be wrong,” Dr Josias explained. As such, raising awareness in the community is a critical part of the work of the Khayelitsha Thuthuzela Forensic Centre and the other Thuthuzela Centres doing similar work in different parts of the country. “There are always more people who need to be educated, new children growing up. We disseminate information in every way we can, from newspaper adverts through to puppeteering and workshops.”

Source: World Health Organization (Adapted from http://www.who.int/features/2014/, November 2014)