Questões de Inglês

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The Baseball game

 

Dad took his son Chris to a baseball game. The Los Angeles Dodgers were playing the San Francisco Giants. The Dodgers were the home team. The Giants were the visiting team. Dad and Chris walked into Dodger Stadium. Many people were there. Most of them wanted to see the Dodgers win. They wanted to see the Giants lose. Dad and Chris found their seats. They sat down. Chris told his dad he was hungry. His dad bought two bags of peanuts for Chris. He bought two hot dogs for Chris. He bought a big soda for Chris. A foul ball came their way. People dived for . the foul ball. They knocked Chris' soda over. His dad bought him another soda.

Adapted from: https://www.eslfast.com/supereasy/se/supereasy 134.htm

What did Chris and Dad do?

According to the chart above, we can assert that Medical Inflation Rate

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Does a C-section affect the baby’s immune system?

The natural birth process can be messy, stressful, and long remembered by both moms and dads. However, there is an unexplained link between decreasing rates of vaginal delivery and increasing rates of chronic inflammatory and metabolic disease in children growing up in today’s world.

 

Nowadays, 20% of Cesarean sections performed worldwide have no medical justification. Although often preferred by both patients and obstetricians, Cesarean sections are not risk-free and might have a hidden impact on the baby immune system.

 

During the natural birth process, the baby is exposed to microorganisms from the mother. This normal exposure process has been connected to healthy gut microbiome growth, further affecting baby immune system development. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether disruption of the exposure process occurring during cesarean section affects gut microbiome formation in neonates.

 

A recent study published in Nature Communications determined whether the mode of delivery does affect the baby immune system. The researchers examined stool samples taken one to five days after the birth of 33 babies born by either vaginal or cesarean deliveries. They performed an analysis of the genetic material from uncultured microorganisms found in these samples. This method allows the detection of numerous bacterial strains and the evaluation of any differences in bacterial classification among samples.

 

The study found differences in the microbiome of babies born naturally or by a Cesarean section. Stool samples of babies delivered by Cesarean section lacked the bacteria present in samples taken from naturally born babies. In addition, the researchers extracted an immune stimulating factor called lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the samples. This bacteria-derived substance is known to cause chronic inflammatory disease and metabolic disease in children and adults.

 

They used extracted LPS to stimulate cultured immune cells and quantifies the expression of several inflammationcausing factors. Interestingly, the study discovered that LPS isolated from stool samples of naturally born babies stimulates higher levels of inflammation-related substances secretion. On the other hand, LPS isolated from stool samples of babies delivered by Cesarean section had lower inflammatory effects.

 

The results suggest that Cesarean section procedures divert the process of gut microbiome development to alternative pathways. This alteration might underlie the increase in the prevalence of chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases in developed countries.

 

It seems that the mode of delivery might have lifelong influences on a newborn’s health.

Adaptado de: https://medicalnewsbulletin.com/c-section-babyimmune-system/ Acessado em 02 de março de 2020.

In “It seems that the mode of delivery might have lifelong influences on a newborn’s health.” The modal verb MIGHT indicates a(n)

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Pandemic Preparedness and Health Systems Strengthening

 

Pandemics, which are large disease outbreaks that affect several countries, pose major health, social, and economic risks. A quick-moving pathogen spreading across the globe has the potential to kill tens of millions of people, disrupt economies, and destabilize national security. Climate change, urbanization, and the lack of water and sanitation are all factors that could contribute to fast-spreading, catastrophic outbreaks.

 

A severe pandemic can result in millions of deaths, and even the most conservative estimates suggest that pandemics destroy up to 1% of global GDP. Strong health systems that reach all people – especially the most vulnerable – with effective services are the only way to ensure protection from major disease outbreaks. That is why ensuring and investing in preparedness before a crisis strikes saves lives and ultimately saves money.

 

Despite progress made since the West Africa Ebola crisis in 2014/15, GPMB’s (The Global Preparedness Monitoring Board) 2019 report, A World At Risk, noted an increasingly dire risk of widespread epidemics, and found that the world remained unprepared. GPMB warned that epidemic-prone diseases like Ebola, influenza and SARS were increasingly difficult to manage in the face of prolonged conflict, fragile states, and forced migration.

 

Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) also poses a significant and growing health and financial threat to countries at all income levels. AMR occurs when microbes (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites) cannot be treated by medicines that were previously effective. Investing in strengthening health systems and preparedness for pandemics and other infectious disease outbreaks is one of the best ways to contain AMR.

Adaptado de: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/pandemics Acessado em 28 de fevereiro de 2020.

Pandemics

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DAVID GUETTA - TITANIUM

You shout it out
But I can’t hear a word you say
I’m talking loud not saying much
I’m criticized but all your bullets ricochet
You shoot me down, but I get up
I’m bulletproof nothing to lose
Fire away, fire away
Ricochet, you take your aim
Fire away, fire away
You shoot me down but I won’t fall, I am titanium
You shoot me down but I won’t fall
I am titanium, I am titanium, I am titanium, I am titanium
Adapeted from

https://www.google.com.br/search?ei=R4G4XISrDYKP0Aad4r34Bg&q=titaniuou&oq

 

The modal verb CAN’T, bolded in the text means

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    Sibling rivalry is a competition between brothers and sisters. Which brother is smarter? Who gets good grades than the other? Sibling rivalry is not unusual in families. It is more unusual on the tennis court. The Williams sisters, Venus and Serena, are star tennis players. They often compete. Is it the easiest or the most difficult part of playing against your own sister? The sisters say the game is important – not the other player. Does their relationship make their game more interesting? Some people think the game is not as exciting when sisters play. I don’t agree. I think their games are more exciting. Venus and Serena are both better as most other players in the world – sisters or not.

 

According to the text, Sibling rivalry is a competition