Questões de Inglês

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Artisanal Work in Contemporary Societies:

realities, changes and challenges

Paulo F. Keller (Federal University of Maranhão)

 

    (…)The artisanal production occurs under natural conditions specifically with buriti plantation. For some crafstwomen the buriti palm tree appears as a gift of the nature. From the buriti palm tree the artisan obtains the raw material called buriti fiber. The subsistence of crafstwomen and the artisan communities are possible both by the artisanal workforce in a search for survival at precarious conditions and the relatively abundant buriti plantation.

    (…) Originally, the local artisans in the Lençois Maranhenses National Park were used to produce useful craft objects like hammocks and handbags mainly for personal and domestic use. The growing of the market-oriented handicraft production in that region is caused by many factors such as unemployment, the situation of the subsistence economy in the domestic agriculture, and mainly the increasing of the local tourism industry in the last decades.

    Nowadays the Artecoop cooperative is composed of about twenty five associated crafstwomen. The crafstwomen associated with Artecoop share the same social economic conditions of local artisan communities. (…)

    There are situations that crafstwomen complement the domestic economy and situations that the only income comes from the craft activity like when the crafstwomen are single mothers who support their children producing crafts. (…)

Fonte: www.rc44labour.org/wp-content/.../keller.pdf. Acessado em 22/08/2014.

De acordo com o texto Artisanal Work in Contemporary Societies: realities, changes and challenges, o crescimento da produção artesanal está relacionada à/ao:

Leia o Texto abaixo para responder à questão.

Artisanal Work in Contemporary Societies:

realities, changes and challenges

Paulo F. Keller (Federal University of Maranhão)

 

    (…)The artisanal production occurs under natural conditions specifically with buriti plantation. For some crafstwomen the buriti palm tree appears as a gift of the nature. From the buriti palm tree the artisan obtains the raw material called buriti fiber. The subsistence of crafstwomen and the artisan communities are possible both by the artisanal workforce in a search for survival at precarious conditions and the relatively abundant buriti plantation.

    (…) Originally, the local artisans in the Lençois Maranhenses National Park were used to produce useful craft objects like hammocks and handbags mainly for personal and domestic use. The growing of the market-oriented handicraft production in that region is caused by many factors such as unemployment, the situation of the subsistence economy in the domestic agriculture, and mainly the increasing of the local tourism industry in the last decades.

    Nowadays the Artecoop cooperative is composed of about twenty five associated crafstwomen. The crafstwomen associated with Artecoop share the same social economic conditions of local artisan communities. (…)

    There are situations that crafstwomen complement the domestic economy and situations that the only income comes from the craft activity like when the crafstwomen are single mothers who support their children producing crafts. (…)

Fonte: www.rc44labour.org/wp-content/.../keller.pdf. Acessado em 22/08/2014.

A alternativa que resume a ideia discutida no texto Artisanal Work in Contemporary Societies: realities, changes and challenges é:

Read the following text and the sentences below about this question.

 

Regional development

 

    In the first half of the twentieth century, some farmers of the area of "Aparecida de Goiânia" donated two bushels of land to the Catholic Church, for the construction of a church. On May 3, 1922, it was lifted up, in this soil, a cross of “aroeira” tree built and offered by Aristides. On this same day it was celebrated there, the first open-air mass, prayed by a priest that came from the city of Goyaz, the capital. Provisorily a ranch of “bacuri” tree leaves served as chapel, being the first party accomplished on May 11, 1922 and, in the same year the construction of the definitive church was begun with aid of the people. Both the cross and the church built stay still at the same place, as historical witnesses of the origin of Aparecida's town.

    At that time, oxen, horses, mules and donkeys were the only means of transportation for short and long distances. It was very difficult to leave the house and to face the ignored dangers of the forests. The people lived more on the farms than in the small towns. There where wild animals in the forests and the waters of the rivers were clean and full of fishes. The province of “Goyaz” was a vast extension of forests, where there were old farms of the cycle of the gold, until the end of the 19th century, when the slavery was extinguished by the “Lei áurea” (Golden Law). The people planted and they only harvested the necessary to feed, because there was not trade. Many people lived from hunting, fishing and from collecting de forest fruits.

    In the cycle of the gold in “Goyaz”, there were about 14 white and 86 slaves in every 100 people. The exhaustion of the gold of the explored surfaces resulted in poverty and there was nothing else to do. There were not future perspectives for the people, even for the owners of the great farms. There should be a way of exploring the potential of the forests.

    On October 24, 1933, “Pedro Ludovico” founded “Goiânia”, which starting from its official inauguration, in 1942, it became the capital of province. The new capital grew up fast, because it attracted the interest of people from other Brazilian areas. The cities of “Goiânia” and “Aparecida de Goiânia” sum up more than 2 million inhabitants, in the beginning of the twenty-first century. These cities continue attracting immigrants for its solid economy, based in agriculture, cattle, industry, trade and services.

    However, the destruction of the forests for the agriculture and the cattle breeding, the use of poisonous products, the hunting, the fishing, the mining and the industrialization resulted the social and economic development of the “goiano” people, but this affected the conditions of the Nature. A great amount of garbage is dispersed everywhere and pollution affects the waters of the lakes, streams and rivers. Only the use and the preservation of the natural resources, through science and technology can guarantee the life of this and of the future generations. What to do? This is a question that our young students should answer.

(FARIA, L. A. de. Aparecida de Goiânia: FACULDADE ALFREDO NASSER, fev. 2010).

 

I. Faith inspired the founding of Aparecida de Goiânia’s town.

II. Both the cross and the church built stay still at the same place, as historical witnesses of the origin of Aparecida's town.

III. The people planted, harvested and sold on a competitive trade.

IV. There were future perspectives for the people, especially for the owners of the great farms, after the exhaustion of the gold.

V. In the cycle of the gold in “Goyaz”, people lived especially from the trade of hunting and fishing.

VI. In the early twenty-first century “Goiânia” and “Aparecida de Goiânia” attracted immigrants for its solid economy, based on agriculture, cattle, industry, trade and services.

VII. The regional development also contributed to the development of the environment.

VIII. Garbage and pollution affected the environment.

IX. There should be a way of exploring the potential of the forests in the middle of the nineteenth century.

X. Science and technology can guarantee the life of future generations, if there is preservation of the natural resources, and young students should answer about preservation of the natural resources.

 

The adding of the Roman numbers in the incorrect sentences is the Arabic number

Read the following text about the question.

 

A little bird

 

    My parrot told me this story:

    “When my friend, the girl Sacha, was six years old, she found a nest in the garden. Inside the nest there was a small colored egg. Sacha was amazed. In the following week, she returned to the nest and she saw a little bird and the egg was broken. The little bird was born free to fly. It was Sunday and Sacha gave him a house, water, food and much affection, but those cares were in vain, because the house was a prison. On Monday, She told me that the right and left wings were broken and she cried. In the following day, the little bird died. Sacha was not the mother of the bird. The body she buried in the garden and the soul, this one flew to the sky of the little birds!”

    Then, my parrot always will say to me:

    “…let the bird in the nest, let the animal in his own place and give me sunflower seeds.”

(FARIA, L. A. de. Aparecida de Goiânia: FACULDADE ALFREDO NASSER, fev. 2013). 

The interrogative immediate past form of the sentence “She saw a little bird” is:

Read the following text about the question.

 

A little bird

 

    My parrot told me this story:

    “When my friend, the girl Sacha, was six years old, she found a nest in the garden. Inside the nest there was a small colored egg. Sacha was amazed. In the following week, she returned to the nest and she saw a little bird and the egg was broken. The little bird was born free to fly. It was Sunday and Sacha gave him a house, water, food and much affection, but those cares were in vain, because the house was a prison. On Monday, She told me that the right and left wings were broken and she cried. In the following day, the little bird died. Sacha was not the mother of the bird. The body she buried in the garden and the soul, this one flew to the sky of the little birds!”

    Then, my parrot always will say to me:

    “…let the bird in the nest, let the animal in his own place and give me sunflower seeds.”

(FARIA, L. A. de. Aparecida de Goiânia: FACULDADE ALFREDO NASSER, fev. 2013). 

How many days did the fact last? It lasted

Read the following text about the question.

 

Jane Eyre story (Charlotte Brontë)

 

My story ends. […]
And then, I saw the house. The house had no roof. Its walls were burnt and black. Nobody was living
there. I looked at the burnt, black house. I had seen this before. I had seen it in a dream! I was frightened.
Where was Edward Rochester? […]
‘I must go to Ferndean immediately.’
I got out of the carriage near Ferndean. I walked to the house. I Knocked on the door. A servant opened
it. I knew her.
‘Oh, Miss Eyre! You have come,’ she said. ‘Mr. Rochester’s bell,’ the woman said. ‘He wants some
candles.’ There were two candles on a table near the door. The woman lit them and she pecked them up.
‘Mr. Rochester is blind, but he always burns candles in his room in the evenings,’ she said.
‘Give the candles tome,’ I said. ‘I will take them to him.’[…]
‘I know that voice. And I know this little hand,’ Mr. Rochester said. ‘Is that you Jane?’
‘Yes, Sir, I have found you at last,’ I said. ‘I will never leave you again.’ Then I told Mr. Rochester my
story.
‘Why did you leave your cousins, Jane?’ Mr. Rochester asked. ‘Why did you come back to me? I am
blind. I have only one hand.’
‘I will have a wife, Edward,’ I said. ‘I will be your wife. I will marry you. I loved you very much at
Thornfield Hall. Now I love you more.’
Mr. Rochester and I got married. After a time, his eyes were better. He could see a little. He saw the face
of our first child! My dear Edward and I are very happy. 

Who told the own story? Who suffered some tragedy consequences? And… Who had a dream? They were, respectively: