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Questões de Inglês
19.971 Questões
Questão 43 107610
FGV-RJ Administração, C. Sociais, Direito, História 2016LETTER FROM BEIJING
By Helen Gao
1 In April, I started a job teaching English to two Chinese employees at the Beijing branch of a multinational company. I
imagined my students would be recent graduates, around my age, and eager to learn how to actually speak the
language they have spent their life studying. It turned out, however, that Ken and Margaret are both in their 40s, hold
senior positions at the company, and speak confident English, though slightly accented.
2 With a firm handshake, Ken, a new employee at the firm, told me he wanted to improve his English pronunciation so
that his European colleagues would not “mistake me for a minor executive at the company.” Margaret explained that
before “selling my company to international clients, I would like to sell myself.” Both Ken and Margaret stay in the office
after 10pm on weekdays to take lessons with me.
3 Although western culture is still viewed with some suspicion, learning English has long been a national obsession. In
wealthy middle-class families, tiny children who have only just begun to speak a few words in Chinese are soon sat down
in front of Disney movies and enrolled in bilingual kindergartens. At school, English is taught from a young age and is a
required subject on the university entrance exam. Diligent learners like Margaret and Ken continue to pursue English
long after school, hoping it will give them an advantage in the workplace.
4 Recently, however, a reaction against English learning has developed. Late last year, education authorities in Beijing
said they would diminish the weight of English in the college admissions process, with the purpose of “reducing
academic pressure for high school students.” The announcement was met with many cheers online: some, championing
the value of traditional Chinese culture, believe subjects such as classical Chinese and calligraphy deserve more
attention than English. Others argue that English proves useful for only a small fraction of Chinese students after
university, too few to justify its mandatory status.
5 A few saw it differently. Some commentators wondered if the proposal reveals the insecurity of the Communist Party,
at a time when the country’s elite are emigrating en masse and intellectuals are relying on foreign media sites to access
unfiltered news. “Are you afraid that we will all flee to the US after we master English?” one suggested. “It is another way
of keeping us stupid and uninformed,” another said. “It’s the same as building the Great Fire Wall for our internet… It’s a
step backward, motivated by political conservatism.”
6 Most parents and educators doubt the policy will reduce people’s enthusiasm towards English in the long run. The
tangible benefits that proficiency in English can bring—admission to western universities and jobs in multinational
firms—are strong incentives, as is the popularity of western pop culture. But there are subtler advantages, too. Younger
generations are striving to refine their increasingly cosmopolitan image, and English serves as a symbol for this ambition
as well as a tool to realise it. Nothing better announces cultural distinction than the ability to quote from Downton
Abbey with a flawless British accent or to order from an English menu at an upscale Shanghai restaurant.
Adapted from mêçëéÉÅí, July 2014
In the last paragraph, when the author mentions “the ability…to order from an English menu at an upscale Shanghai restaurant," she is most likely trying to
Questão 41 107608
FGV-RJ Administração, C. Sociais, Direito, História 2016LETTER FROM BEIJING
By Helen Gao
1 In April, I started a job teaching English to two Chinese employees at the Beijing branch of a multinational company. I
imagined my students would be recent graduates, around my age, and eager to learn how to actually speak the
language they have spent their life studying. It turned out, however, that Ken and Margaret are both in their 40s, hold
senior positions at the company, and speak confident English, though slightly accented.
2 With a firm handshake, Ken, a new employee at the firm, told me he wanted to improve his English pronunciation so
that his European colleagues would not “mistake me for a minor executive at the company.” Margaret explained that
before “selling my company to international clients, I would like to sell myself.” Both Ken and Margaret stay in the office
after 10pm on weekdays to take lessons with me.
3 Although western culture is still viewed with some suspicion, learning English has long been a national obsession. In
wealthy middle-class families, tiny children who have only just begun to speak a few words in Chinese are soon sat down
in front of Disney movies and enrolled in bilingual kindergartens. At school, English is taught from a young age and is a
required subject on the university entrance exam. Diligent learners like Margaret and Ken continue to pursue English
long after school, hoping it will give them an advantage in the workplace.
4 Recently, however, a reaction against English learning has developed. Late last year, education authorities in Beijing
said they would diminish the weight of English in the college admissions process, with the purpose of “reducing
academic pressure for high school students.” The announcement was met with many cheers online: some, championing
the value of traditional Chinese culture, believe subjects such as classical Chinese and calligraphy deserve more
attention than English. Others argue that English proves useful for only a small fraction of Chinese students after
university, too few to justify its mandatory status.
5 A few saw it differently. Some commentators wondered if the proposal reveals the insecurity of the Communist Party,
at a time when the country’s elite are emigrating en masse and intellectuals are relying on foreign media sites to access
unfiltered news. “Are you afraid that we will all flee to the US after we master English?” one suggested. “It is another way
of keeping us stupid and uninformed,” another said. “It’s the same as building the Great Fire Wall for our internet… It’s a
step backward, motivated by political conservatism.”
6 Most parents and educators doubt the policy will reduce people’s enthusiasm towards English in the long run. The
tangible benefits that proficiency in English can bring—admission to western universities and jobs in multinational
firms—are strong incentives, as is the popularity of western pop culture. But there are subtler advantages, too. Younger
generations are striving to refine their increasingly cosmopolitan image, and English serves as a symbol for this ambition
as well as a tool to realise it. Nothing better announces cultural distinction than the ability to quote from Downton
Abbey with a flawless British accent or to order from an English menu at an upscale Shanghai restaurant.
Adapted from mêçëéÉÅí, July 2014
In paragraph 5, “it” in the sentence “A few saw it differently” most likely refers to which of the following?
Questão 40 107607
FGV-RJ Administração, C. Sociais, Direito, História 2016LETTER FROM BEIJING
By Helen Gao
1 In April, I started a job teaching English to two Chinese employees at the Beijing branch of a multinational company. I
imagined my students would be recent graduates, around my age, and eager to learn how to actually speak the
language they have spent their life studying. It turned out, however, that Ken and Margaret are both in their 40s, hold
senior positions at the company, and speak confident English, though slightly accented.
2 With a firm handshake, Ken, a new employee at the firm, told me he wanted to improve his English pronunciation so
that his European colleagues would not “mistake me for a minor executive at the company.” Margaret explained that
before “selling my company to international clients, I would like to sell myself.” Both Ken and Margaret stay in the office
after 10pm on weekdays to take lessons with me.
3 Although western culture is still viewed with some suspicion, learning English has long been a national obsession. In
wealthy middle-class families, tiny children who have only just begun to speak a few words in Chinese are soon sat down
in front of Disney movies and enrolled in bilingual kindergartens. At school, English is taught from a young age and is a
required subject on the university entrance exam. Diligent learners like Margaret and Ken continue to pursue English
long after school, hoping it will give them an advantage in the workplace.
4 Recently, however, a reaction against English learning has developed. Late last year, education authorities in Beijing
said they would diminish the weight of English in the college admissions process, with the purpose of “reducing
academic pressure for high school students.” The announcement was met with many cheers online: some, championing
the value of traditional Chinese culture, believe subjects such as classical Chinese and calligraphy deserve more
attention than English. Others argue that English proves useful for only a small fraction of Chinese students after
university, too few to justify its mandatory status.
5 A few saw it differently. Some commentators wondered if the proposal reveals the insecurity of the Communist Party,
at a time when the country’s elite are emigrating en masse and intellectuals are relying on foreign media sites to access
unfiltered news. “Are you afraid that we will all flee to the US after we master English?” one suggested. “It is another way
of keeping us stupid and uninformed,” another said. “It’s the same as building the Great Fire Wall for our internet… It’s a
step backward, motivated by political conservatism.”
6 Most parents and educators doubt the policy will reduce people’s enthusiasm towards English in the long run. The
tangible benefits that proficiency in English can bring—admission to western universities and jobs in multinational
firms—are strong incentives, as is the popularity of western pop culture. But there are subtler advantages, too. Younger
generations are striving to refine their increasingly cosmopolitan image, and English serves as a symbol for this ambition
as well as a tool to realise it. Nothing better announces cultural distinction than the ability to quote from Downton
Abbey with a flawless British accent or to order from an English menu at an upscale Shanghai restaurant.
Adapted from mêçëéÉÅí, July 2014
With respect to the current reaction against the English language in China, the article mentions all of the following as possible reasons except
Questão 36 107603
FGV-RJ Administração, C. Sociais, Direito, História 2016LETTER FROM BEIJING
By Helen Gao
1 In April, I started a job teaching English to two Chinese employees at the Beijing branch of a multinational company. I
imagined my students would be recent graduates, around my age, and eager to learn how to actually speak the
language they have spent their life studying. It turned out, however, that Ken and Margaret are both in their 40s, hold
senior positions at the company, and speak confident English, though slightly accented.
2 With a firm handshake, Ken, a new employee at the firm, told me he wanted to improve his English pronunciation so
that his European colleagues would not “mistake me for a minor executive at the company.” Margaret explained that
before “selling my company to international clients, I would like to sell myself.” Both Ken and Margaret stay in the office
after 10pm on weekdays to take lessons with me.
3 Although western culture is still viewed with some suspicion, learning English has long been a national obsession. In
wealthy middle-class families, tiny children who have only just begun to speak a few words in Chinese are soon sat down
in front of Disney movies and enrolled in bilingual kindergartens. At school, English is taught from a young age and is a
required subject on the university entrance exam. Diligent learners like Margaret and Ken continue to pursue English
long after school, hoping it will give them an advantage in the workplace.
4 Recently, however, a reaction against English learning has developed. Late last year, education authorities in Beijing
said they would diminish the weight of English in the college admissions process, with the purpose of “reducing
academic pressure for high school students.” The announcement was met with many cheers online: some, championing
the value of traditional Chinese culture, believe subjects such as classical Chinese and calligraphy deserve more
attention than English. Others argue that English proves useful for only a small fraction of Chinese students after
university, too few to justify its mandatory status.
5 A few saw it differently. Some commentators wondered if the proposal reveals the insecurity of the Communist Party,
at a time when the country’s elite are emigrating en masse and intellectuals are relying on foreign media sites to access
unfiltered news. “Are you afraid that we will all flee to the US after we master English?” one suggested. “It is another way
of keeping us stupid and uninformed,” another said. “It’s the same as building the Great Fire Wall for our internet… It’s a
step backward, motivated by political conservatism.”
6 Most parents and educators doubt the policy will reduce people’s enthusiasm towards English in the long run. The
tangible benefits that proficiency in English can bring—admission to western universities and jobs in multinational
firms—are strong incentives, as is the popularity of western pop culture. But there are subtler advantages, too. Younger
generations are striving to refine their increasingly cosmopolitan image, and English serves as a symbol for this ambition
as well as a tool to realise it. Nothing better announces cultural distinction than the ability to quote from Downton
Abbey with a flawless British accent or to order from an English menu at an upscale Shanghai restaurant.
Adapted from mêçëéÉÅí, July 2014
With respect to the author\\'s two new English students, the information in the article most supports which of the following?
Questão 52 102674
FAMEVAÇO Tipo A 2016/1Vaccines May Protect Kids Against Strokes, Too
by Christopher Wanjek | September 30, 2015 05:16pm ET
Credit: Oksana Kuzmina/Shutterstock.com
Parents have yet one more reason to vaccinate their children: Routine immunizations may reduce the risk of childhood stroke, according to a new study.
Childhood strokes are rare, estimated to affect between three and 13 children per 100,000. Yet unlike adult strokes, in which environmental factors such as smoking and poor nutrition play a major role, susceptibility to childhood strokes is largely genetic. And parents often don't know if their child is at risk.
The new study, led by Dr. Heather Fullerton of University of California, San Francisco, confirmed previous findings that minor infections may trigger acute ischemic strokes in children who are at risk. Ischemic strokes involve a blockage in a blood vessel in or near the brain.
The researchers compared 355 children who had had ischemic strokes with 354 children who had not. The scientists found that children with an infection had six times the risk of experiencing a stroke within that week; 18 percent of children who experienced strokes had such an infection, according to the findings, published today (Sept. 30) in the journal Neurology.
Fullerton and her colleagues also found that children who were up to date on their immunizations had a far lower risk of experiencing a stroke. Under-vaccinated children (those who were not up to date on their vaccinations) were up to seven times more likely to have a stroke compared with children who had all or most of their immunizations.
The reason for the apparent link between vaccinations and stroke is not clear, Fullerton told Live Science. Vaccines clearly prevent major infections, such as those caused by chickenpox, measles and tetanus. It could be that vaccines reduce a child's overall lifetime infection burden, and prevent the subsequent damage that infections and inflammation have on blood vessels, she said.
Fullerton added that parents who keep their children up to date on immunization may be more proactive about their child's health care in general, compared with parents who don't vaccinate. So this might also explain the link seen with vaccines, she said.
The study has ruled out two "lingering doubts" that some have had about infections and strokes, Fullerton said. One was the worry that vaccines themselves could trigger a stroke, which is biologically plausible given that vaccines are a form of controlled infection. But the study found the opposite, offering more evidence that "all kids should get vaccinated," Fullerton said.
Another worry was that a seeming link between infections and strokes was actually due to cold medications such as vasoconstrictors. These medicines reduce swelling and congestion by constricting blood vessels, and it was thought that perhaps the drugs could trigger strokes. However, Fullerton said, the study found no evidence to support this.
The findings will be "seminal in drafting further stroke-prevention strategies" in children, wrote Dr. Jose Biller of Loyola University Medical Center in Chicago and Dr. Geoffrey Heyer of The Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, in an accompanying editorial in Neurology. Biller and Heyer were not associated with the study.
"Oftentimes parents and even physicians may not be aware — [it's] not on their radar screen — that strokes may affect neonates, toddlers and children," Biller told Live Science. "Education is key," he said. Many children who have strokes often suffer from the health effects of the stroke for their whole lives, and so preventing strokes is very important.
Fullerton said that more than half of childhood acute ischemic strokes happen to children who are seemingly healthy, so the stroke comes as a surprise. Conditions that increase stroke risk in children include congenital heart disease, sickle cell disease and lupus, she said. There is no reason why children with these conditions should avoid vaccination, she said.
The research effort was part of a large, international case-control study of childhood stroke, called the Vascular Effects of Infection in Pediatric Stroke (VIPS) study. The study authors represent more than a dozen universities and institutions worldwide. Fullerton said the research offers an "avenue for understanding what's going on" with childhood strokes.
Many questions remain, such as why infections can trigger a stroke in seemingly healthy children, but there is at least one take-home message from this research, Fullerton said: "This is another example of a pretty morbid disease that vaccines can help prevent."
Biller said that vaccines appear to offer a lifetime of cardiovascular benefits. A study published in 2013 in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that for adults who get the flu shot, the odds of having a stroke, heart attack or other major cardiac event are lowered by about a third lower over the following year. Biller said that some studies have shown that getting the flu shot yearly provides even greater protection.
"Vaccines are among the safest medical products," Biller said. "The safety and effectiveness of vaccines routinely given to children and adults has been overwhelmingly favorable."
Follow Christopher Wanjek @wanjek for daily tweets on health and science with a humorous edge. Wanjek is the author of "Food at Work" and "Bad Medicine." His column, "Bad Medicine," appears regularly on Live Science.
From http://www.livescience.com/52348-vaccines-may-protect-kids-against-strokes-too.html, Acesso em: 06/10/201
Flu shots, according to the text, can:
Questão 50 102672
FAMEVAÇO Tipo A 2016/1Vaccines May Protect Kids Against Strokes, Too
by Christopher Wanjek | September 30, 2015 05:16pm ET
Credit: Oksana Kuzmina/Shutterstock.com
Parents have yet one more reason to vaccinate their children: Routine immunizations may reduce the risk of childhood stroke, according to a new study.
Childhood strokes are rare, estimated to affect between three and 13 children per 100,000. Yet unlike adult strokes, in which environmental factors such as smoking and poor nutrition play a major role, susceptibility to childhood strokes is largely genetic. And parents often don't know if their child is at risk.
The new study, led by Dr. Heather Fullerton of University of California, San Francisco, confirmed previous findings that minor infections may trigger acute ischemic strokes in children who are at risk. Ischemic strokes involve a blockage in a blood vessel in or near the brain.
The researchers compared 355 children who had had ischemic strokes with 354 children who had not. The scientists found that children with an infection had six times the risk of experiencing a stroke within that week; 18 percent of children who experienced strokes had such an infection, according to the findings, published today (Sept. 30) in the journal Neurology.
Fullerton and her colleagues also found that children who were up to date on their immunizations had a far lower risk of experiencing a stroke. Under-vaccinated children (those who were not up to date on their vaccinations) were up to seven times more likely to have a stroke compared with children who had all or most of their immunizations.
The reason for the apparent link between vaccinations and stroke is not clear, Fullerton told Live Science. Vaccines clearly prevent major infections, such as those caused by chickenpox, measles and tetanus. It could be that vaccines reduce a child's overall lifetime infection burden, and prevent the subsequent damage that infections and inflammation have on blood vessels, she said.
Fullerton added that parents who keep their children up to date on immunization may be more proactive about their child's health care in general, compared with parents who don't vaccinate. So this might also explain the link seen with vaccines, she said.
The study has ruled out two "lingering doubts" that some have had about infections and strokes, Fullerton said. One was the worry that vaccines themselves could trigger a stroke, which is biologically plausible given that vaccines are a form of controlled infection. But the study found the opposite, offering more evidence that "all kids should get vaccinated," Fullerton said.
Another worry was that a seeming link between infections and strokes was actually due to cold medications such as vasoconstrictors. These medicines reduce swelling and congestion by constricting blood vessels, and it was thought that perhaps the drugs could trigger strokes. However, Fullerton said, the study found no evidence to support this.
The findings will be "seminal in drafting further stroke-prevention strategies" in children, wrote Dr. Jose Biller of Loyola University Medical Center in Chicago and Dr. Geoffrey Heyer of The Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, in an accompanying editorial in Neurology. Biller and Heyer were not associated with the study.
"Oftentimes parents and even physicians may not be aware — [it's] not on their radar screen — that strokes may affect neonates, toddlers and children," Biller told Live Science. "Education is key," he said. Many children who have strokes often suffer from the health effects of the stroke for their whole lives, and so preventing strokes is very important.
Fullerton said that more than half of childhood acute ischemic strokes happen to children who are seemingly healthy, so the stroke comes as a surprise. Conditions that increase stroke risk in children include congenital heart disease, sickle cell disease and lupus, she said. There is no reason why children with these conditions should avoid vaccination, she said.
The research effort was part of a large, international case-control study of childhood stroke, called the Vascular Effects of Infection in Pediatric Stroke (VIPS) study. The study authors represent more than a dozen universities and institutions worldwide. Fullerton said the research offers an "avenue for understanding what's going on" with childhood strokes.
Many questions remain, such as why infections can trigger a stroke in seemingly healthy children, but there is at least one take-home message from this research, Fullerton said: "This is another example of a pretty morbid disease that vaccines can help prevent."
Biller said that vaccines appear to offer a lifetime of cardiovascular benefits. A study published in 2013 in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that for adults who get the flu shot, the odds of having a stroke, heart attack or other major cardiac event are lowered by about a third lower over the following year. Biller said that some studies have shown that getting the flu shot yearly provides even greater protection.
"Vaccines are among the safest medical products," Biller said. "The safety and effectiveness of vaccines routinely given to children and adults has been overwhelmingly favorable."
Follow Christopher Wanjek @wanjek for daily tweets on health and science with a humorous edge. Wanjek is the author of "Food at Work" and "Bad Medicine." His column, "Bad Medicine," appears regularly on Live Science.
From http://www.livescience.com/52348-vaccines-may-protect-kids-against-strokes-too.html, Acesso em: 06/10/201
“Many questions remain, such as why infections can trigger a stroke in seemingly healthy children…”
The DIRECT QUESTION for the sentence above is:
06