Questões de Inglês

Can there be a world without antibiotics?

 

Medical experts around the globe are worried that more and more viruses and bacteria are becoming resistant to today’s medicine. They are afraid that in a few generations antibiotics may become useless. Scientists have already discovered bacteria that do not react if treated with antibiotics. As a result medical treatment will become more expensive as new drugs have to be developed.

Doctors and other health experts criticize the fact that antibiotics are being used in a wrong way. They are often prescribed in cases in which they do not work. In some areas, especially Third World countries and densely populated areas in India, Pakistan or Bangladesh doctors have already run out of antibiotics. Prescribing wrong antibiotics or taking them for too short a time will not kill off bacteria. Some doctors prescribe antibiotics for the common flu, making it ineffective for later illnesses. The World Health Organization claims that many infectious diseases are becoming untreatable and cannot be controlled. Many patients who become resistant to drugs even die.

Another problem is that farmers in the United States and Europe are adding antibiotics to feed cattle and other animals, in order to make them grow faster and produce more meat. Also, through increased global travel, bacteria are spreading faster than ever before.

Since Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in the early 20th century antibiotics have saved hundreds of millions of lives. Many operations cannot be carried out if we are unable to treat infections. The transplantation of organs can become very risky if patients do not get medication to strengthen their immune system. Routine operations like removing an appendix or replacing a bad hip could become fatal. Childbirth may once again threaten a woman’s life and raise child mortality. Even illnesses like pneumonia, which today can be treated effectively with antibiotics, might once again turn into a mass killer. Antibiotics have made infections like tuberculosis treatable. Cancer treatment would be unthinkable without the proper treatment of the immune system to accompany it.

Health experts call for increased action to fight off diseases. Most common is the call to improve hospital hygiene, where infectious diseases start out. Especially in Third World countries, bacteria spread through dirty water and the sewage system. Even making people aware of washing their hands more often can stop the spread of infectious diseases.

(www.english-online.at. Adaptado.)

Um dos problemas existentes no Terceiro Mundo, conforme aponta o último parágrafo do texto, é

Directions: Answer question according to the text.

 

TEXT

CYBERBULLYING ON THE RISE

 

  Bullying among children and teenagers is not

something new but it is getting more and more common

by modern methods of communication.

  Cyberbullying happens when an adolescent is

[5] put in danger by another child or teenager by photos or

text messages sent to cell phones or posted on social

networks. Sometimes cyberbullies send mails with

sexual comments or take passwords of other teenagers

and log on to websites with false identities. Children also

[10] play Internet games and make fun of each other in many

ways.

  A study by a Canadian University shows that

half of the young people interviewed said that they suffer

bullying. One of the reasons is the great use of cell

[15] phones over the past years. Today’s children are

connected with each other electronically. They call

friends every time they want or communicate with them

on Facebook.

  Cyberbullying is getting extremely popular

[20] because teens can stay anonymous. Many adolescents

act this way because they feel frustrated or angry and

want to punish somebody for something that happened

to them. At other times they do it just for fun or because

have nothing else to do. Parents usually don’t know their

[25] child is a cyberbully. They perceive it just when the

victim or the victim’s parents contact them.

  This kind of bullying is not as inoffensive as

many people think. In some cases it can lead to suicide.

Many countries have organized campaigns to inform

[30] adults and children of its dangers.

  There are a few ways to prevent cyberbullying.

First, it is important to show children that they have to

respect others and they are responsible for what they

do. For victims it is important not to play the bully’s game

[35] or answer their emails and text messages. It is also

important to get help from parents and teachers.

  Often schools get involved. They bring together

the parents of victims and cyberbullies and talk with

them. Cyberbullying does not always end at school.

[40] Often, parents go to the police and accuse the bullies.

(Adapted from http://www.english-online.at/society/cyberbullying/cyberbullying-on-the-rise.htm)

Choose the option that has the same meaning of “Parents usually don’t know their child is a cyberbully.” (lines 24-25).

Directions: Answer question according to the text.

 

TEXT

CYBERBULLYING ON THE RISE

 

  Bullying among children and teenagers is not

something new but it is getting more and more common

by modern methods of communication.

  Cyberbullying happens when an adolescent is

[5] put in danger by another child or teenager by photos or

text messages sent to cell phones or posted on social

networks. Sometimes cyberbullies send mails with

sexual comments or take passwords of other teenagers

and log on to websites with false identities. Children also

[10] play Internet games and make fun of each other in many

ways.

  A study by a Canadian University shows that

half of the young people interviewed said that they suffer

bullying. One of the reasons is the great use of cell

[15] phones over the past years. Today’s children are

connected with each other electronically. They call

friends every time they want or communicate with them

on Facebook.

  Cyberbullying is getting extremely popular

[20] because teens can stay anonymous. Many adolescents

act this way because they feel frustrated or angry and

want to punish somebody for something that happened

to them. At other times they do it just for fun or because

have nothing else to do. Parents usually don’t know their

[25] child is a cyberbully. They perceive it just when the

victim or the victim’s parents contact them.

  This kind of bullying is not as inoffensive as

many people think. In some cases it can lead to suicide.

Many countries have organized campaigns to inform

[30] adults and children of its dangers.

  There are a few ways to prevent cyberbullying.

First, it is important to show children that they have to

respect others and they are responsible for what they

do. For victims it is important not to play the bully’s game

[35] or answer their emails and text messages. It is also

important to get help from parents and teachers.

  Often schools get involved. They bring together

the parents of victims and cyberbullies and talk with

them. Cyberbullying does not always end at school.

[40] Often, parents go to the police and accuse the bullies.

(Adapted from http://www.english-online.at/society/cyberbullying/cyberbullying-on-the-rise.htm)

“(...) half of the young people interviewed said that they suffer bullying” (lines 13-14), the underlined expression represents

Directions: Answer question according to the text.

 

TEXT

CYBERBULLYING ON THE RISE

 

  Bullying among children and teenagers is not

something new but it is getting more and more common

by modern methods of communication.

  Cyberbullying happens when an adolescent is

[5] put in danger by another child or teenager by photos or

text messages sent to cell phones or posted on social

networks. Sometimes cyberbullies send mails with

sexual comments or take passwords of other teenagers

and log on to websites with false identities. Children also

[10] play Internet games and make fun of each other in many

ways.

  A study by a Canadian University shows that

half of the young people interviewed said that they suffer

bullying. One of the reasons is the great use of cell

[15] phones over the past years. Today’s children are

connected with each other electronically. They call

friends every time they want or communicate with them

on Facebook.

  Cyberbullying is getting extremely popular

[20] because teens can stay anonymous. Many adolescents

act this way because they feel frustrated or angry and

want to punish somebody for something that happened

to them. At other times they do it just for fun or because

have nothing else to do. Parents usually don’t know their

[25] child is a cyberbully. They perceive it just when the

victim or the victim’s parents contact them.

  This kind of bullying is not as inoffensive as

many people think. In some cases it can lead to suicide.

Many countries have organized campaigns to inform

[30] adults and children of its dangers.

  There are a few ways to prevent cyberbullying.

First, it is important to show children that they have to

respect others and they are responsible for what they

do. For victims it is important not to play the bully’s game

[35] or answer their emails and text messages. It is also

important to get help from parents and teachers.

  Often schools get involved. They bring together

the parents of victims and cyberbullies and talk with

them. Cyberbullying does not always end at school.

[40] Often, parents go to the police and accuse the bullies.

(Adapted from http://www.english-online.at/society/cyberbullying/cyberbullying-on-the-rise.htm)

Cyberbullying is a/an

The boy in this cartoon

TEXTO:

 

Presenting themselves as representatives of a Rio de Janeiro contractor interested in collaborating on works following the mudslide tragedy in Mariana (MG), a group falsified documents, rented ten vehicles, cleaned the mud

5 for days and then disappeared, taking part of the equipment and causing a loss of R$ 2 million to companies and workers of the city. According to the mayor, the group filed the request for service in City Hall before starting the works. “The 10 company came in early December saying they wouldprovide equipment to assist in the tragedy,” said DuarteJúnior. In January, they began to remove the mud from theaffected sites. ”After a week, they said they would take15 the equipment to be serviced,” said the mayor. The vehicles had trackers, but they were disabled by the group. In total, a pickup truck, three backhoe loaders and a hydraulic excavator were stolen.

Disponível em: <www.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/em/brazil/2016/01/ 1729842-thieves...mariana.shtml>. Acesso em: 2 fev. 2016.

The vehicles mentioned in the text couldn’t be found because