Questões de Inglês

Read the text below and answer the question that follow.

 

TEXT

Few would deny that men and women differ physically. […] But their brains and behavior reflect no significant differences, argue many people, including some psychologists. Increasingly, it seems, it is de rigueur to reject or downplay psychological differences between the sexes – despite substantial scientific evidence that they exist.

Women tend to engage in more altruistic behavior and rate higher on certain measures of empathy. Men, on average, perform better on tasks in which they mentally rotate an object, while women can better remember the location of objects. Evolutionary theorists postulate that sex differences arose because male and female hominids faced different reproductive and survival pressures.

Men are also much more likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, for instance, while rates of mood disorders and Alzheimer’s disease are higher among women. These sex differences can have important implications for understanding and treating disorders.

A recent review of sex differences in vulnerability to stress examined findings in humans and nonhuman animals on molecular as well as behavioral levels. Among those findings […] is that “boys and girls, particularly adolescents, had different responses to experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder. Girls had internalizing symptoms, such as self-blame, and boys engaged much more in externalizing behavior,” including acting disruptively. […] The same disorders can [therefore] produce considerably different symptoms.

Sex differences can be important in the development of medications, too. […] past efforts show that a drug tested on male animals won’t necessarily work for human females.

“No one’s saying that men and women are completely different beings. There is probably more that overlaps than is different,” [Georgia] Hodes says. “But we need to understand these differences. I think it becomes especially important when you’re trying to develop better treatments.”

Matt Huston, Psychology Today, October 2019

The objective of TEXT is to

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How centuries of priceless treasures were saved at Notre Dame

 

Jean-Marc Fournier didn't have much time. As flames rippedthrough Notre Dame cathedral's medieval roof on Monday evening, the Paris fire brigade chaplain had a single mission -- to rescue two of its most sacred relics. The problem was that the Crown of Thorns, revered as having been worn by Jesus Christ during his crucifixion, and the tabernacle, containing the Eucharist or holy sacrament, were locked inside a safe in the church's treasury that no one knew how to open.

"We couldn't get the codes... we couldn't get hold of the people who had them," Fournier said Wednesday. Finally, as the flames high above crept closer to Notre Dame's famous spire, a church officer appeared with the crypt key, and the chaplain and firefighters rushed in.

Inside, red-hot embers and debris drifted down from the vast rib-vaulted ceiling. Fournier watched as a team of firefighters broke open the safe and extracted the crown. Made of rushes bound by gold threads, it has been encased in a crystal tube since eighteen ninety-six.

The chaplain joined a human chain of firefighters, emergency workers and antiquities experts to pass the crown and other irreplaceable treasures out of the burning church and into safety. Their efforts in those first few hours would save hundreds of years of art, history and heritage that Fournier said "belongs to humanity and the world at large."

(https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/notre-dame-art-saved-intl/index.html)

What is the main idea of the text?

Our tongues can get fat. And scientists say losing tongue weight might be an effective way to manage obstructive sleep apnea, a condition that affects an estimated 22 million Americans.That’s according to a study published this week in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania exploring the surprising relationship between tongue fat and sleep apnea. The researchers found that when overweight people with sleep apnea lost pounds, their tongues also got smaller. And, of all the changes that occurred as a result of slimming down, a reduction in tongue fat had the biggest impact on improving sleep apnea. Until now, it was unclear why weight loss helps manage the sleep condition

Disponível em: Acesso em: 02 fev. 2020.

 

    De acordo com o texto, o que pode auxiliar na redução de altos níveis de apneia do sono?

    Inequality between men and women results in poorer health for children and greater poverty for the family, (1) ________________ to a new study. The UN agency Unicef found that in places where women are (2) __________ from family decisions, children are more likely to suffer from malnutrition. There would be 13 million (3) __________ malnourished children in South Asia if women had an equal say in the family, Unicef said

Unicef surveyed family decision-making in 30 countries around the world. Their chief finding is that equality between men and women is vital to (4) __________ poverty and improving health, especially that of children, in developing countries.

Disponível em: Acesso em: 02 fev. 2020.

 

    Choose the alternative with the words which best complete the text above.

    Scientists have developed what they call living concrete by using sand, gel and bacteria. Researchers said this building material has structural load-bearing function, is capable of self-healing and is more environmentally friendly than concrete – which is the second most-consumed material on Earth after water. The team from the University of Colorado Boulder believe their work paves the way for future building structures that could “heal their own cracks, suck up dangerous toxins from the air or even glow on command”.

Disponível em: . Acesso em: 01 fev. 2020.

 

    Based on the text, we can state tha

    As researchers fight to stop the spread of a novel coronavirus that originated in a seafood market in the central Chinese city of Wuhan, they are facing a counter-intuitive problem: the symptoms can sometimes be so mild in patients that the virus is very difficult to detect. The coronavirus initially came to authorities’ attention in December after patients began exhibiting symptoms of viral pneumonia, including fever, cough and shortness of breath. But researchers, including those at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), have noted that some of those with the Wuhan coronavirus have shown “little to no symptoms.” A study published in the medical journal the Lancet on Jan. 24 reported that a 10-year-old who was infected with the virus had no symptoms at all.

    “We have seen patients, especially children, who have pneumonia, but have no symptoms, no fever or cough, which means that it’s not easy to recognize these cases of novel coronavirus infection, which makes the control of this outbreak more difficult,” says Yuen Kwok-yung, a microbiologist at the University of Hong Kong, and one of the authors of the Lancet study.

Amy Gunia Disponível em: . Acesso em: 01 fev. 2020.

 

    According to the text, one of the challenges presented by this new coronavirus is the fact that