Questões de Inglês

TEXTO:

Dengue Vaccine

  The Brazilian government has authorized the
country’s first dengue vaccine, produced by the French
laboratory Sanofi Pasteur. It is expected to be on sale
within three months. The Ministry of Health says that it
[5] is considering provision of the vaccine on the public health
system, and that such plans are “priority”, but it still
expressed some reservations about the vaccine.
  The vaccine, which has already been authorized in
Mexico and the Philippines, is aimed at the 9 to 45 age
[10] range. It is administered in three doses, six months apart,
and has a total efficacy rate of 66%. The laboratory Sanofi
Pasteur says that price will depend on the government’s
provision strategy. Marcelo Castro, the minister of health,
says that cost is a “problem”. He suggested it may cost
[15] as much as •20 (R$ 84) per dose.
  Jarbas Barbosa, president of the National Health
Surveillance Agency, said in May that its efficacy is
“limited”, and that a break of six months between each
dose “would not prevent infection.” Moreover, University
[20] of São Paulo infectologist Esper Kallás is critical of the
fact that the vaccine is not available for young children
and the elderly — the two groups most at risk of serious
cases of dengue. However, Sheila Homsani, Sanofi
Pasteur medical director, argues that 70% of Brazil’s
[25] dengue cases affect the age range for which the vaccine
will be available.
  Brazil registered 1.58 million probable cases of
dengue up to the start of December — nearly three times
the figure for the same period in 2014.

DENGUE vaccine. Disponível em: <www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/ en/brazil/2015/12/1723919-dengue-vaccine-approved...shtml>. Acesso em: 13 maio 2016.

TEXTO:

Dengue Vaccine

  The Brazilian government has authorized the
country’s first dengue vaccine, produced by the French
laboratory Sanofi Pasteur. It is expected to be on sale
within three months. The Ministry of Health says that it
[5] is considering provision of the vaccine on the public health
system, and that such plans are “priority”, but it still
expressed some reservations about the vaccine.
  The vaccine, which has already been authorized in
Mexico and the Philippines, is aimed at the 9 to 45 age
[10] range. It is administered in three doses, six months apart,
and has a total efficacy rate of 66%. The laboratory Sanofi
Pasteur says that price will depend on the government’s
provision strategy. Marcelo Castro, the minister of health,
says that cost is a “problem”. He suggested it may cost
[15] as much as •20 (R$ 84) per dose.
  Jarbas Barbosa, president of the National Health
Surveillance Agency, said in May that its efficacy is
“limited”, and that a break of six months between each
dose “would not prevent infection.” Moreover, University
[20] of São Paulo infectologist Esper Kallás is critical of the
fact that the vaccine is not available for young children
and the elderly — the two groups most at risk of serious
cases of dengue. However, Sheila Homsani, Sanofi
Pasteur medical director, argues that 70% of Brazil’s
[25] dengue cases affect the age range for which the vaccine
will be available.
  Brazil registered 1.58 million probable cases of
dengue up to the start of December — nearly three times
the figure for the same period in 2014.

DENGUE vaccine. Disponível em: <www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/ en/brazil/2015/12/1723919-dengue-vaccine-approved...shtml>. Acesso em: 13 maio 2016.

TEXTO:

  Most of us think of germs as ‘dirty’ — and
dangerous. But as you’ve probably heard, you’re crawling
with bugs, and these microbes are crucial for digestion,
skin health, and immunity. People now know to take it
[5] easy on antibiotics and eat lots of fermented foods, but
our squeaky-clean lifestyle is still a big problem, says
Robynne Chutkan, M.D., the founder of the Digestive
Center for Women in Chevy Chase, Maryland. Regular
contact with dirt and grime teaches your microbiome how
[10] to recognize friendly germs versus foes, Dr. Chutkan
explains. She gave us some tips for swapping out our
super clean lifestyle for one that’s filled with more bugs.
  • First things first, what’s wrong with soap?
  There’s a role for the occasional bar of soap when

[15] we’re particularly grubby, but a mild soap made from
organic ingredients, rather than anti-bacterial soaps that
are often full of harsh chemicals, is definitely the way to
go. By scouring ourselves in the shower every day, we
are actually stripping our skin of bacteria that keep us
[20] acne — and eczema — free. Unless you’ve just finished
a Mud Run, the only places that need daily soaping are
your armpits and groin. The rest of your body does fine
with a rinse — even after a sweaty workout. Dirt doesn’t
cause disease — but repeatedly killing off the good
[25] bacteria on our skin may actually harm our immunity.
  • What is one thing that most people do in
terms of cleanliness that is unnecessary?
  Harsh hand sanitizers! Unless you’ve been hanging
out on an Ebola ward, the vast majority of microbes on
[30] your skin and hands are not virulent germs that cause
serious infection; they’re harmless bacteria that won’t
hurt you.
  • Even during cold and flu season?
  Yes, you should take a bit more precaution when
[35] your co-workers are coughing and sneezing non-stop.
But you still don’t need anti-bacterial soaps and
cleansers; those work against bacteria, and the common
cold and flu is caused by a virus. All that’s necessary
during cold and flu season is regularly washing hands
[40] with all-natural soap and warm water for at least 20
seconds. This dislodges viruses and bacteria, so they
wash down the drain, whereas antibacterial soaps expose
you to antibiotics you don’t need in your life.

MOST of us...Disponível em: <news.health.com/2015/10/06/heres-whyyou-don’t-need-to-shower-with-soap/>. Acesso em: 13 maio 2016.

TEXTO:

  Most of us think of germs as ‘dirty’ — and
dangerous. But as you’ve probably heard, you’re crawling
with bugs, and these microbes are crucial for digestion,
skin health, and immunity. People now know to take it
[5] easy on antibiotics and eat lots of fermented foods, but
our squeaky-clean lifestyle is still a big problem, says
Robynne Chutkan, M.D., the founder of the Digestive
Center for Women in Chevy Chase, Maryland. Regular
contact with dirt and grime teaches your microbiome how
[10] to recognize friendly germs versus foes, Dr. Chutkan
explains. She gave us some tips for swapping out our
super clean lifestyle for one that’s filled with more bugs.
  • First things first, what’s wrong with soap?
  There’s a role for the occasional bar of soap when

[15] we’re particularly grubby, but a mild soap made from
organic ingredients, rather than anti-bacterial soaps that
are often full of harsh chemicals, is definitely the way to
go. By scouring ourselves in the shower every day, we
are actually stripping our skin of bacteria that keep us
[20] acne — and eczema — free. Unless you’ve just finished
a Mud Run, the only places that need daily soaping are
your armpits and groin. The rest of your body does fine
with a rinse — even after a sweaty workout. Dirt doesn’t
cause disease — but repeatedly killing off the good
[25] bacteria on our skin may actually harm our immunity.
  • What is one thing that most people do in
terms of cleanliness that is unnecessary?
  Harsh hand sanitizers! Unless you’ve been hanging
out on an Ebola ward, the vast majority of microbes on
[30] your skin and hands are not virulent germs that cause
serious infection; they’re harmless bacteria that won’t
hurt you.
  • Even during cold and flu season?
  Yes, you should take a bit more precaution when
[35] your co-workers are coughing and sneezing non-stop.
But you still don’t need anti-bacterial soaps and
cleansers; those work against bacteria, and the common
cold and flu is caused by a virus. All that’s necessary
during cold and flu season is regularly washing hands
[40] with all-natural soap and warm water for at least 20
seconds. This dislodges viruses and bacteria, so they
wash down the drain, whereas antibacterial soaps expose
you to antibiotics you don’t need in your life.

MOST of us...Disponível em: <news.health.com/2015/10/06/heres-whyyou-don’t-need-to-shower-with-soap/>. Acesso em: 13 maio 2016.

Why are white people expats when the rest of us are immigrants?

[1]       In the lexicon of human migration there are still hierarchical words, created with the purpose of
[2]  putting white people above everyone else. One of those remnants is the word “expat”.
[3]       What is an expat? And who is an expat? According to Wikipedia, “an expatriate (often shortened to
[4]  expat) is a person temporarily or permanently residing in a country other than that of the person’s upbringing.
[5]  The word comes from the Latin terms ex (‘out of’) and patria (‘country, fatherland’)”.
[6]       Defined that way, you should expect that any person going to work outside of his or her country for
[7]  a period of time would be an expat, regardless of his skin colour or country. But that is not the case in
[8]  reality; expat is a term reserved exclusively for western white people going to work abroad.
[9]       Africans are immigrants. Arabs are immigrants. Asians are immigrants. However, Europeans are
[10]  expats because they can’t be at the same level as other ethnicities. They are superior. Immigrants is a
[11]  term set aside for ‘inferior races’.
[12]      Don’t take my word for it. The Wall Street Journal, the leading financial information magazine in the
[13]  world, has a blog dedicated to the life of expats and recently they featured a story ‘Who is an expat,
[14]  anyway?’. Here are the main conclusions: “Some arrivals are described as expats; others as immigrants;
[15]  and some simply as migrants. It depends on social class, country of origin and economic status. It’s
[16]  strange to hear some people in Hong Kong described as expats, but not others. Anyone with roots in a
[17]  western country is considered an expat … Filipino domestic helpers are just guests, even if they’ve been
[18]  here for decades. Mandarin-speaking mainland Chinese are rarely regarded as expats. It’s a double standard
[19]  woven into official policy.”
[20]      The reality is the same in Africa and Europe. Top African professionals going to work in Europe are
[21]  not considered expats. They are immigrants. Period.
[22]      Most white people deny that they enjoy the privileges of a racist system. And why not? But our
[23]  responsibility is to point out and to deny them these privileges, directly related to an outdated supremacist
[24]  ideology.
By Mawuna Remarque Koutonin Adapted from: <http://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals- network/2015/ mar/13/white-people-expats-immigrantsmigration>. Accessed on September 12th, 2015.

Why are white people expats when the rest of us are immigrants?

[1]       In the lexicon of human migration there are still hierarchical words, created with the purpose of
[2]  putting white people above everyone else. One of those remnants is the word “expat”.
[3]       What is an expat? And who is an expat? According to Wikipedia, “an expatriate (often shortened to
[4]  expat) is a person temporarily or permanently residing in a country other than that of the person’s upbringing.
[5]  The word comes from the Latin terms ex (‘out of’) and patria (‘country, fatherland’)”.
[6]       Defined that way, you should expect that any person going to work outside of his or her country for
[7]  a period of time would be an expat, regardless of his skin colour or country. But that is not the case in
[8]  reality; expat is a term reserved exclusively for western white people going to work abroad.
[9]       Africans are immigrants. Arabs are immigrants. Asians are immigrants. However, Europeans are
[10]  expats because they can’t be at the same level as other ethnicities. They are superior. Immigrants is a
[11]  term set aside for ‘inferior races’.
[12]      Don’t take my word for it. The Wall Street Journal, the leading financial information magazine in the
[13]  world, has a blog dedicated to the life of expats and recently they featured a story ‘Who is an expat,
[14]  anyway?’. Here are the main conclusions: “Some arrivals are described as expats; others as immigrants;
[15]  and some simply as migrants. It depends on social class, country of origin and economic status. It’s
[16]  strange to hear some people in Hong Kong described as expats, but not others. Anyone with roots in a
[17]  western country is considered an expat … Filipino domestic helpers are just guests, even if they’ve been
[18]  here for decades. Mandarin-speaking mainland Chinese are rarely regarded as expats. It’s a double standard
[19]  woven into official policy.”
[20]      The reality is the same in Africa and Europe. Top African professionals going to work in Europe are
[21]  not considered expats. They are immigrants. Period.
[22]      Most white people deny that they enjoy the privileges of a racist system. And why not? But our
[23]  responsibility is to point out and to deny them these privileges, directly related to an outdated supremacist
[24]  ideology.
By Mawuna Remarque Koutonin Adapted from: <http://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals- network/2015/ mar/13/white-people-expats-immigrantsmigration>. Accessed on September 12th, 2015.