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Toxic air pollution particles found in human brains

Detection of “abundant” magnetite particles raises concerns because of suggested links to Alzheimer’s disease

    Toxic nanoparticles from air pollution have been discovered in human brains in "abundant" quantities, a newly published study reveals.
    The detection of the particles, in brain tissue from 37 people, raises concerns because recent research has suggested links between these magnetite particles and Alzheimer‘s disease, while air pollution has been shown to significantly increase the risk of the disease. However, the new work is still a long way from proving that the air pollution particles cause or exacerbate Alzheimer‘s.

    "This is a discovery finding, and now what should start is a whole new examination of this as a potentially very important environmental risk factor for Alzheimer‘s disease", said Prof Barbara Maher, at Lancaster University, who led the new research.  "Now there is a reason to go on and do the epidemiology and the toxicity testing, because these particles are so prolific and people are exposed to them" (…)

    The new work, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, examined brain tissue from 37 people in Manchester, in the UK, and Mexico, aged between three and 92.
    It found abundant particles of magnetite, an iron oxide. "You are talking about millions of magnetite particles per gram of freeze-dried brain tissue – it is extraordinary", said Maher.

    "Magnetite in the brain is not something you want to have because it is particularly toxic there", she said, explaining that the substance can create reactive oxygen species called free radicals. "Oxidative cell damage is one of the hallmark features of Alzheimer‘s disease, and this is why the presence of magnetite is so potentially significant, because it is so bioreactive".

    Abnormal accumulation of brain metals is a key feature of Alzheimer‘s disease and a recent study showed that magnetite was directly associated with the damage seen in Alzheimer‘s brains. Magnetite particles are known to form biologically in human brains, but these are small and crystal-shaped, unlike the larger, spherical particles that dominated the samples in the new study.

    "Many of the magnetite particles we have found in the brain are very distinctive", said Maher. "They are very rounded nanospheres, because they were formed as molten droplets of material from combustion sources, such as car exhausts, industrial processes and power stations, anywhere you are burning fuel".
Available at: <https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/05/toxicair- pollution-particles-found-in-human-brains-links-alzheimers>.

Accessed on: 06 Sept. 2016.
 

Glossary
hallmark: marca, característica própria; droplets: gotículas.

Text

Toxic air pollution particles found in human brains

Detection of “abundant” magnetite particles raises concerns because of suggested links to Alzheimer’s disease

    Toxic nanoparticles from air pollution have been discovered in human brains in "abundant" quantities, a newly published study reveals.
    The detection of the particles, in brain tissue from 37 people, raises concerns because recent research has suggested links between these magnetite particles and Alzheimer‘s disease, while air pollution has been shown to significantly increase the risk of the disease. However, the new work is still a long way from proving that the air pollution particles cause or exacerbate Alzheimer‘s.

    "This is a discovery finding, and now what should start is a whole new examination of this as a potentially very important environmental risk factor for Alzheimer‘s disease", said Prof Barbara Maher, at Lancaster University, who led the new research.  "Now there is a reason to go on and do the epidemiology and the toxicity testing, because these particles are so prolific and people are exposed to them" (…)

    The new work, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, examined brain tissue from 37 people in Manchester, in the UK, and Mexico, aged between three and 92.
    It found abundant particles of magnetite, an iron oxide. "You are talking about millions of magnetite particles per gram of freeze-dried brain tissue – it is extraordinary", said Maher.

    "Magnetite in the brain is not something you want to have because it is particularly toxic there", she said, explaining that the substance can create reactive oxygen species called free radicals. "Oxidative cell damage is one of the hallmark features of Alzheimer‘s disease, and this is why the presence of magnetite is so potentially significant, because it is so bioreactive".

    Abnormal accumulation of brain metals is a key feature of Alzheimer‘s disease and a recent study showed that magnetite was directly associated with the damage seen in Alzheimer‘s brains. Magnetite particles are known to form biologically in human brains, but these are small and crystal-shaped, unlike the larger, spherical particles that dominated the samples in the new study.

    "Many of the magnetite particles we have found in the brain are very distinctive", said Maher. "They are very rounded nanospheres, because they were formed as molten droplets of material from combustion sources, such as car exhausts, industrial processes and power stations, anywhere you are burning fuel".
Available at: <https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/05/toxicair- pollution-particles-found-in-human-brains-links-alzheimers>.

Accessed on: 06 Sept. 2016.
 

Glossary
hallmark: marca, característica própria; droplets: gotículas.

Text

Toxic air pollution particles found in human brains

Detection of “abundant” magnetite particles raises concerns because of suggested links to Alzheimer’s disease

    Toxic nanoparticles from air pollution have been discovered in human brains in "abundant" quantities, a newly published study reveals.
    The detection of the particles, in brain tissue from 37 people, raises concerns because recent research has suggested links between these magnetite particles and Alzheimer‘s disease, while air pollution has been shown to significantly increase the risk of the disease. However, the new work is still a long way from proving that the air pollution particles cause or exacerbate Alzheimer‘s.

    "This is a discovery finding, and now what should start is a whole new examination of this as a potentially very important environmental risk factor for Alzheimer‘s disease", said Prof Barbara Maher, at Lancaster University, who led the new research.  "Now there is a reason to go on and do the epidemiology and the toxicity testing, because these particles are so prolific and people are exposed to them" (…)

    The new work, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, examined brain tissue from 37 people in Manchester, in the UK, and Mexico, aged between three and 92.
    It found abundant particles of magnetite, an iron oxide. "You are talking about millions of magnetite particles per gram of freeze-dried brain tissue – it is extraordinary", said Maher.

    "Magnetite in the brain is not something you want to have because it is particularly toxic there", she said, explaining that the substance can create reactive oxygen species called free radicals. "Oxidative cell damage is one of the hallmark features of Alzheimer‘s disease, and this is why the presence of magnetite is so potentially significant, because it is so bioreactive".

    Abnormal accumulation of brain metals is a key feature of Alzheimer‘s disease and a recent study showed that magnetite was directly associated with the damage seen in Alzheimer‘s brains. Magnetite particles are known to form biologically in human brains, but these are small and crystal-shaped, unlike the larger, spherical particles that dominated the samples in the new study.

    "Many of the magnetite particles we have found in the brain are very distinctive", said Maher. "They are very rounded nanospheres, because they were formed as molten droplets of material from combustion sources, such as car exhausts, industrial processes and power stations, anywhere you are burning fuel".
Available at: <https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/05/toxicair- pollution-particles-found-in-human-brains-links-alzheimers>.

Accessed on: 06 Sept. 2016.
 

Glossary
hallmark: marca, característica própria; droplets: gotículas.

Text

Toxic air pollution particles found in human brains

Detection of “abundant” magnetite particles raises concerns because of suggested links to Alzheimer’s disease

    Toxic nanoparticles from air pollution have been discovered in human brains in "abundant" quantities, a newly published study reveals.
    The detection of the particles, in brain tissue from 37 people, raises concerns because recent research has suggested links between these magnetite particles and Alzheimer‘s disease, while air pollution has been shown to significantly increase the risk of the disease. However, the new work is still a long way from proving that the air pollution particles cause or exacerbate Alzheimer‘s.

    "This is a discovery finding, and now what should start is a whole new examination of this as a potentially very important environmental risk factor for Alzheimer‘s disease", said Prof Barbara Maher, at Lancaster University, who led the new research.  "Now there is a reason to go on and do the epidemiology and the toxicity testing, because these particles are so prolific and people are exposed to them" (…)

    The new work, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, examined brain tissue from 37 people in Manchester, in the UK, and Mexico, aged between three and 92.
    It found abundant particles of magnetite, an iron oxide. "You are talking about millions of magnetite particles per gram of freeze-dried brain tissue – it is extraordinary", said Maher.

    "Magnetite in the brain is not something you want to have because it is particularly toxic there", she said, explaining that the substance can create reactive oxygen species called free radicals. "Oxidative cell damage is one of the hallmark features of Alzheimer‘s disease, and this is why the presence of magnetite is so potentially significant, because it is so bioreactive".

    Abnormal accumulation of brain metals is a key feature of Alzheimer‘s disease and a recent study showed that magnetite was directly associated with the damage seen in Alzheimer‘s brains. Magnetite particles are known to form biologically in human brains, but these are small and crystal-shaped, unlike the larger, spherical particles that dominated the samples in the new study.

    "Many of the magnetite particles we have found in the brain are very distinctive", said Maher. "They are very rounded nanospheres, because they were formed as molten droplets of material from combustion sources, such as car exhausts, industrial processes and power stations, anywhere you are burning fuel".
Available at: <https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/05/toxicair- pollution-particles-found-in-human-brains-links-alzheimers>.

Accessed on: 06 Sept. 2016.
 

Glossary
hallmark: marca, característica própria; droplets: gotículas.

Text

Toxic air pollution particles found in human brains

Detection of “abundant” magnetite particles raises concerns because of suggested links to Alzheimer’s disease

    Toxic nanoparticles from air pollution have been discovered in human brains in "abundant" quantities, a newly published study reveals.
    The detection of the particles, in brain tissue from 37 people, raises concerns because recent research has suggested links between these magnetite particles and Alzheimer‘s disease, while air pollution has been shown to significantly increase the risk of the disease. However, the new work is still a long way from proving that the air pollution particles cause or exacerbate Alzheimer‘s.

    "This is a discovery finding, and now what should start is a whole new examination of this as a potentially very important environmental risk factor for Alzheimer‘s disease", said Prof Barbara Maher, at Lancaster University, who led the new research.  "Now there is a reason to go on and do the epidemiology and the toxicity testing, because these particles are so prolific and people are exposed to them" (…)

    The new work, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, examined brain tissue from 37 people in Manchester, in the UK, and Mexico, aged between three and 92.
    It found abundant particles of magnetite, an iron oxide. "You are talking about millions of magnetite particles per gram of freeze-dried brain tissue – it is extraordinary", said Maher.

    "Magnetite in the brain is not something you want to have because it is particularly toxic there", she said, explaining that the substance can create reactive oxygen species called free radicals. "Oxidative cell damage is one of the hallmark features of Alzheimer‘s disease, and this is why the presence of magnetite is so potentially significant, because it is so bioreactive".

    Abnormal accumulation of brain metals is a key feature of Alzheimer‘s disease and a recent study showed that magnetite was directly associated with the damage seen in Alzheimer‘s brains. Magnetite particles are known to form biologically in human brains, but these are small and crystal-shaped, unlike the larger, spherical particles that dominated the samples in the new study.

    "Many of the magnetite particles we have found in the brain are very distinctive", said Maher. "They are very rounded nanospheres, because they were formed as molten droplets of material from combustion sources, such as car exhausts, industrial processes and power stations, anywhere you are burning fuel".
Available at: <https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/05/toxicair- pollution-particles-found-in-human-brains-links-alzheimers>.

Accessed on: 06 Sept. 2016.
 

Glossary
hallmark: marca, característica própria; droplets: gotículas.

TEXTO:

  You don’t need extra minutes in your day to eat
less or to move more, the two basic pillars of weight
loss. Here’s how to reevaluate the time you do have, and
smart strategies to make dropping pounds easier, no
[5] matter how swamped you are.
  Every small step you take toward a healthier lifestyle
matters, says Jeff Katula, PhD, associate professor of
health and exercise science at Wake Forest University.
“People often think they have to spend an hour at the
[10] gym or eat a diet full of hummus and superfoods, and
when they can’t attain that level they just give up and
don’t even try,” he says. Instead of looking at your whole
day as a success or failure, says Katula, consider every
decision you make a chance to do something healthy.
[15] Just because you skipped the gym doesn’t mean you
shouldn’t watch your calorie intake for the rest of the
day, for example. (In fact, it means the exact opposite!)
  “You don’t need to cook your own food or even eat
different food to lose weight,” says Katula. “You just need
[20] to eat less.” Most people need to consume between 1,200
and 1,500 calories a day if they want to drop pounds in a
healthy and sustainable way — and for a lot of people,
eating appropriate portion sizes, skipping dessert, or not
going back for seconds is one of the easiest ways to
[25] reduce their total calorie intake.
  Not skipping meals is crucial. This may seem
counterintuitive after advice to eat less overall, but busy
people especially may need to space out their calories
more throughout the day. That’s because going more
[30] than four or five hours without refueling can slow
metabolism, affect hormones and insulin levels, and
contribute to unhealthy food choices when you do finally
sit down to eat. “A lot of our overweight patients aren’t
necessarily overeating, but their eating patterns have
[35] become so erratic — they have a cup of coffee in the
morning and then no real food until late afternoon,” he
says. “The key is to avoid that and keep a consistent
schedule, whether that’s three meals a day and a couple
of snacks, or five mini meals.”

YOU DON’T NEED...Disponível em: Time.com/3761610/lose-weight-whenbusy/ Acesso em: 12 out. 2016. Adaptado.