Questões de Inglês

Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.

Dr. John B. Murphy specializes in geriatrics and family medicine. He teaches and practices medicine in Rhode Island.

Q: As a physician who takes care of elderly people, what’s the difference between taking care of someone who’s quite old and someone who’s not?

DR. MURPHY: There’s lots of differences. The one that always comes to mind first is they have more stories and those stories are important to them. And it’s how I remember my patients. I now focus exclusively on taking care of older patients. But I was originally trained as a family physician before I did my geriatric training. And until just four or five years ago, I still had some children in my practice and many adolescent and middle aged people in my practice, although it was mostly older patients. And but the stories that patients tell me are what distinguishes that population the most. They’ve got richer and a longer history to draw on. It’s much more complex, it’s like taking care of the infants and children that I used to take care of because invariably, there are family members involved of the care. You have the 50 year old who comes into my office for hypertension and diabetes, or whatever, it’s the rare situation where I’m talking to family about that. Maybe the spouse coming in and wanting to know about diet or something. But there’s not that involvement of the family. It’s the rare situation that a patient comes into my office nowadays without a family member. Far more often than not, there’s a daughter or daughter- -in-law who comes in the office with the patient. And, in fact, there are some sons who come in, but I think I’m probably more likely to see the ex-daughter-in-law come in with her ex-mother-in-law than I am to see a son. And there are some sons who are doing superb jobs, but it tends to be the daughters and daughters-in-law who are doing the work.

Q: There must be some medical conditions that are much more serious for the elderly. Can you list off a few of those sorts of things?

DR. MURPHY: Oh, yeah. There’s a balance. I mean, feet are really important, for some people diabetes is important. But feet are what we walk on, and one of the major things that you need to be able to do in caring for older people is to make sure that they’re going to maintain their independence, be able to walk and not fall. Falls, hip fractures, are potentially inter-cranial bleeds, subdural hematomas and things that can occur with those falls, are a major issue. And so preventing falls is a key thing as a geriatrician that one’s thinking about, and feet are a part of it. In hospitalized or bed-bound patients, skin is a key issue. I’ll be making rounds in the hospital with some medical residents and they religiously will listen to the heart and lungs every time they go to see a patient, and if I have an older person who’s admitted for an infection in their leg or urinary tract infection, well I don’t think it’s inappropriate to be listening to the heart and the lungs. It’s very inappropriate to not look at the heels as they’re lying in bed, or their back to look for the early signs of pressure sores. And in fact, far more important to be looking at those things than it is, in that case, to be listening to the heart and lungs. So there are those sorts of issues. It takes longer for one of my patients to get from the waiting room to get to my exam room. It takes more to get them from the chair that I’m speaking to them in to the exam table. Hearing deficits create difficulty in communication. The communication issues for people who have cognitive deficits multiply. And so those complexities in gathering data and implementing plans, I think, make it a little bit comparable to the psychiatric situation where you’re dealing with the whole family. Visual problems, again, a lot of sensory deficits make it much more difficult. And our patients have much less reserve. Three days for anybody in a hospital bed recovering from a pneumonia, you’re going to be tired for a little while after. If you’re doing that at 93, it’s going to take a long time to recover from a brief hospitalization even though the illness, the bacteria is dead, the pneumonia is gone, but the de-conditioning that occurs in just a brief period of time with somebody who’s in their late 80s or 90s is pretty dramatic.

(MURPHY, J. B. Dr. Murphy Interview. 20 set. 2007. Entrevista concedida a Michael Kirk. Disponível em: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/caringforyourparents/interviews/interview_1.html. Acesso em: 20 jun. 2016.)

Leia os quadrinhos a seguir e responda à questão.

Read Text to answer the question

    I've lived here for almost six years. I think this is a nice place and people are friendly. I have nothing to complain about. I've made friends and I've seen good things around here.
    Lately, people have talked more to each other and the city has received more and more tourists from other countries. Tourism is very important here. Many people come here to spend their vacations and take a break.
    I really like it here and I'm glad nothing bad has happened for a long time.
    By Jane Honda.

(Disponível em: https://www.englishexperts.com.br/. Acesso em: 23 nov. 2018)

Americas
U.N. Signals That Climate Deal Has Backing Needed to Enter Force
By CORAL DAVENPORT SEPT. 20, 2016

_{http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/21/world/americas/united-nations-climate-change.html?src=me}

UNITED NATIONS — The United Nations secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, is expected to announce on Wednesday that he has secured enough commitments from world leaders to ensure that the 2015 Paris climate accord will enter into legal force this year, binding the next American president, whoever it is.
The milestone is in reach in large part because Mr. Ban, who sees the climate deal as a centerpiece of his legacy, began a sustained push to win the formal approval of 55 countries representing 55 percent of global emissions — the threshold needed to put the accord into force. He pressed the issue personally with dozens of world leaders and with legislative bodies, including those in Russia and his native South Korea.
“We are absolutely certain that we will have the Paris agreement entering into force by the end of 2016,” said David Nabarro, a special adviser to Mr. Ban.
Complex and controversial international accords usually take several years to enter into legal force. But the haste on the Paris accord was driven at least in part by the looming American election. Donald J. Trump, the Republican candidate, has vowed to pull the United States out of the accord if he is elected. If the deal comes into legal force before the presidential inauguration, it will take four years under the accord’s rules for the United States to legally withdraw. That would keep the country bound to the measure through the first term of the next administration.
“We have no time,” Mr. Ban said, addressing the General Assembly on Tuesday. “I urge you to bring the Paris agreement into force this year.”

Americas
U.N. Signals That Climate Deal Has Backing Needed to Enter Force
By CORAL DAVENPORT SEPT. 20, 2016

_{http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/21/world/americas/united-nations-climate-change.html?src=me}

UNITED NATIONS — The United Nations secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, is expected to announce on Wednesday that he has secured enough commitments from world leaders to ensure that the 2015 Paris climate accord will enter into legal force this year, binding the next American president, whoever it is.
The milestone is in reach in large part because Mr. Ban, who sees the climate deal as a centerpiece of his legacy, began a sustained push to win the formal approval of 55 countries representing 55 percent of global emissions — the threshold needed to put the accord into force. He pressed the issue personally with dozens of world leaders and with legislative bodies, including those in Russia and his native South Korea.
“We are absolutely certain that we will have the Paris agreement entering into force by the end of 2016,” said David Nabarro, a special adviser to Mr. Ban.
Complex and controversial international accords usually take several years to enter into legal force. But the haste on the Paris accord was driven at least in part by the looming American election. Donald J. Trump, the Republican candidate, has vowed to pull the United States out of the accord if he is elected. If the deal comes into legal force before the presidential inauguration, it will take four years under the accord’s rules for the United States to legally withdraw. That would keep the country bound to the measure through the first term of the next administration.
“We have no time,” Mr. Ban said, addressing the General Assembly on Tuesday. “I urge you to bring the Paris agreement into force this year.”

Read part of Adele’s song “Million years ago” and answer the Question.

I know I'm not the only one
Who regrets the things they've done
Sometimes I just feel it's only me
Who can't stand the reflection that they see
I wish I could live a little more
Look up to the sky not just the floor
I feel like my life is flashing by
And all I can do is watch and cry
I miss the air, I miss my friends
I miss my mother, I miss it when
Life was a party to be thrown
But that was a million years ago

(Available on: http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/adele/millionyearsago.html Accessed on: May 5th, 2017.)