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Weight loss and water consumption appear to be linked

 

Mandy Oaklander
July 12, 2016

 

    The average American doesn’t drink nearly enough water – only 4 cups a day, by some estimates. At the same time, high obesity rates here have barely budged, despite a continued focus on diet and physical activity.

    Some researchers don’t think that’s a coincidence. “There’s so much focus on food and exercise, but so much more than just food and exercise goes into weight,” says Dr. Tammy Chang, assistant professor in the department of family medicine at the University of Michigan medical school.

    Could the amount of water people drink have any link to their weight? In a new study published in the Annals of Family Medicine, Chang and her colleagues wanted to find out, so they used recent data from about 9,500 adults enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative sample of what Americans are eating. The data also included information about how hydrated they were, measured by the concentration of people’s urine.

    About 33% of the people in the study weren’t adequately hydrated. What’s more, the researchers found a link between dehydration and overweight. There may be all kinds of explanations for these findings. People with obesity need more water than people who have smaller bodies, making the hydration threshold potentially harder to reach. But some research suggests that water can play a role in weight control, showing that when overweight people drink water before a meal, they eat fewer calories than if they eat it without water.

    So how can you tell if you’re drinking enough water? Instead of sticking to a cup-per-day recommendation, Chang says the most reliable way to tell is to check the color of your urine. If it’s light, almost the color of water, then you likely are, but if it’s dark, you need to step up your water intake.

    Drinking plain water isn’t the only way to do that. Fresh fruits and vegetables are packed with water and have far more than processed foods. A cup of sliced radishes has half a cup of water, while a 2-cup serving of watermelon – not to mention a single cucumber – both have more than a cup of water. “They’re good for you because of their nutritional value, but you’re improving your hydration as well,” Chang says.

(time.com. Adaptado.)

No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “despite a continued focus on diet and physical activity”, o termo em destaque pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por

Complete a frase com a alternativa correta: When will the meeting ____________?

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The Economist explains

Michel Temer’s plans for Brazil

May 12th 2016, 23:53 BY J.P.

 

ON MAY 12th Michel Temer became the third Brazilian vice-president in 30 years to be thrust into the top job, after the Senate voted to commence the impeachment trial of the president, Dilma Rousseff. As she steps aside for up to 180 days while senators consider her fate, she leaves behind a mess. The country's economy may shrivel by 7.5% in 2015-16. Inflation and unemployment hover around 10%; so, as a proportion of GDP, does the budget deficit. The political system is a shambles, with Congress home to an unwieldy 25 political parties. What can—and should—Mr Temer do about it all? (…)

 

If his proposed cabinet is anything to go by, Mr Temer plans to replace Ms Rousseff’s confidence-stifling interventionism with market-friendlier policies. He appears commendably keen to chip away at Brazil’s bloated state. He has named a respected former Central Bank governor, Henrique Meirelles, as his finance minister and created a new super-ministry whose task is to spur private investment in Brazil’s shoddy infrastructure. The number of ministries is to be slashed from 32 to something like 23, to show that the government, not just citizens, can make sacrifices. In principle, all this is welcome. In practice, Mr Temer may face an uphill struggle. To begin mending the economy, Mr Meirelles needs most urgently to tackle the vast budget deficit. Congressmen, never exactly keen on spending cuts and tax rises, may resist the necessary belt-tightening, especially in the run-up to October’s important local elections. And Mr Temer’s caretaker administration—which supporters of Ms Rousseff’s left-wing Workers’ Party regard as coupmongering usurpers—lacks the voter legitimacy for more radical structural reforms, such as to Brazil’s overgenerous public pensions, rigid labour laws, byzantine taxes or graft-prone electoral system. That will still be the case if and when he is handed the keys to the Alvorada.

http://www.economist.com/blogs/economistexplains/2016/05/economist-explains9?zid=305&ah=417bd5664dc76da5d98af4f7a640fd8a

Na sentença: “He appears commendably keen to chip away at Brazil’s bloated state”, os termos keen e chip away equivalem, respectivamente, a:

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Here’s why men don’t like going to the doctor

 

Anna Almendrala
June 13, 2016

 

    Men tend to die earlier than women, are more likely to die from eight out of the ten top causes of death in the U.S. than women, and are also more likely to smoke and drink excessively. Researchers think a mix of factors are involved in men’s earlier deaths, including the fact that men tend to take more risks, are less socially connected, and have more dangerous jobs than women. But there’s another very simple, easy to fix problem: Men just don’t go to the doctor as much as women do.

    Men are half as likely as women to go to the doctor over a 2-year period, according to 2014 survey data collected by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. They were also more than three times as likely to admit going more than five years without a visit. And finally, men were more than twice as likely to say they’ve never had contact with a doctor or health professional as an adult. Ever. A new online survey commissioned by the Orlando Health hospital system hints at why men may be so reluctant to see doctors. According to the survey results, a mix of busyness, fear, shame and discomfort kept them out of the doctor’s office.

    Men experience very strong, clear messages about how they’re supposed to display their masculinity and hide their vulnerability, and pretty much everything about going to a doctor’s office goes against these rigid gender role norms, said professor Glenn Good, an expert on masculinity and the psychology of men at the University of Florida. Good was not involved in the survey, but said that the results did not surprise him. “Going to a physician involves a couple of things that may feel uncomfortable for men,” Good said. “They don’t want to ask for directions and they don’t want to have to consult an expert about something that they know less about.”

    And while the face of body shame might be female, as women come under extraordinarily heavy criticism for their looks and weight, that doesn’t mean men don’t struggle with other expectations of what their bodies should look like. This could explain some men’s reluctance to find out their weight in the doctor’s office, Good said.

    Men need to re-think their idea of strength if they want to feel comfortable about going to a doctor, he advised. A truly strong, healthy person embraces routine health care, health consultation and daily healthy habits to truly protect his body, Good said — not just his own self-image. “The metaphor of a tree is a helpful one,” he said. “A truly strong tree can flex and bend in the wind, but a tree that is really rigid and stiff is more likely to get snapped.”

(www.huffingtonpost.com. Adaptado.)

No trecho do quinto parágrafo “not just his own self-image”, o termo em destaque refere-se a

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Farm-to-Table

A Simple Definition

 

By Molly Watson

 

    "Farm-to-table" is a phrase that can mean different things to different people. At its heart, however, "farm-to-table" means that the food on the table came directly from a specific farm, without going through a store, market, or distributor along the way.

    In its purest, most honest form, "farm-to-table" means the table is actually at the farm and cooks or chefs prepare and serve the food at the farm (even in the field). These are often special meals or fundraisers planned as one-off events.

    More commonly, the use of "farm-to-table" emphasizes a direct relationship between a farm and a restaurant. Rather than buying through a distributor or food service, some restaurants establish relationships with a farm and buy directly from them.

    Farmers benefit by being able to reap more of the profit their goods can earn at market, and many enjoy knowing how their food will be treated and cooked.

    Restaurants are usually motivated to these direct relationships by the quality and freshness of the food they get from the farms (items will often be delivered directly to the restaurant within hours of being harvested), as well as the ability to get specialty items that not many people in their area grow.

    In some cases, restaurants and farms may have a fairly deep or serious commitment to one another, with the farm growing produce specifically requested by the chef, or the restaurant guaranteeing to buy a certain percentage (or even the entirety) of a crop.

    "Farm-to-table" can also refer more loosely to farmers markets and other venues where people can buy food directly from growers, with the table being the one at their house.

    Like anything with some prestige to it, "farm-to-table" gets overused and definitely misused. I've even seen it on grocery store signs.

    And while those vegetables were grown on a farm and would, if they were purchased, be brought home and quite likely served and eaten on a table, that's not what the spirit behind "farm-to-table" means. The very fact that the food has stopped at the grocery store between being at the farm and getting to the table means that it is decidedly not "farm-to-table."

    How can you know if something labeled "farm-to-table" really is? Anyone using the phrase "farm-to-table" should be able to name the specific farm(s) from which they are sourcing, since they would have gotten the goods directly from that farm!

(Adapted from http://localfoods.about.com/od/localfoodsglossary/ g/Definition-Of-Farm-To-Table.htm)

In the text, the meaning of ‘one-off events’ is

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