Questões de Inglês

Alice Paul: Champion of the Woman Suffrage

Lisa Kathleen Graddy

 

   Alice Paul came to Washington in 1913 determined to change the established landscape of the suffrage

movement that concentrated on winning the vote one state at a time. In just a few weeks she put together a

pageant and a parade that marched down Pennsylvania Avenue, demanding a Constitutional amendment

giving women in the United States the right to vote. The parade took place on March 3, the day before

[5] Woodrow Wilson took office, effectively putting the incoming president on notice that a new generation

of woman suffragists was literally moving forward. The day was marked by violence from hostile crowds,

prompting a Congressional investigation into the D.C. police’s protection of the marchers, but the event

and its aftermath made headlines. And headlines, bringing public attention, public debate, and possibly

public support and pressure, were exactly what Alice Paul wanted. For seven years she kept the demand

[10] for woman suffrage in the public and presidential eyes in demonstrations that eventually came to the point

of picketing the White House and burning President Wilson’s speeches. When her tactics became too

“radical” for the National American Woman Suffrage Association, she formed the National Woman’s Party

and continued on.

   Paul’s life had prepared her for this work. Born in 1885, her Quaker family taught her that men and

[15] women were equals. She earned advanced degrees in sociology but was frustrated by the slow progress

of social work. To remedy the problems of poverty, health, and education required changing laws – and

changing laws required the votes of women. Paul worked for woman suffrage while in college but it was

during her graduate studies in England that she became exposed to the confrontational tactics of the

English “suffragettes.” When she returned to the United States she was ready to adapt their tactics for an

[20] American audience.

   The most dramatic episode of Paul’s suffrage battle took place in January 1917, when, discouraged

by President Wilson’s continued opposition to the suffrage amendment, Paul posted pickets at the White

House gates – the first people to ever picket the White House. These “silent sentinels” stayed on duty in

all weather and in the face of threats, insults, and physical violence. Using their banners and their quiet

[25] courage they asked, “Mr. President How Long Must Women Wait for their Liberty?” and “Mr. President What

Will you do for Woman Suffrage?” Hoping to provoke a response, the language on the banners became

more inflammatory. They used the president’s own words against him and pointed out the hypocrisy of

his leading the country into the first world war to defend freedom while denying it to the women of his own

country.

[30]   Crowds who believed the pickets’ activities were disloyal in a time of war attacked the suffragists and

destroyed their banners. In July the police began arresting the pickets for “obstruction of traffic.” When

they refused to pay fines, they were imprisoned. When they went on hunger strikes to demand the rights of

political prisoners they were forcibly fed – a painful and invasive procedure. The pickets continued despite

the risk. Although Alice knew what lay ahead and that she, as the organizer of the picketing, would receive

[35] a harsher sentence, she insisted on taking her place on the picket line. She was arrested in October.

While in jail she was forcibly fed and threatened with confinement to an insane asylum. Reports of the

long sentences, abuse, and the courage of the suffragists became public and all prisoners were released

in November. Physically weakened due to the time they had spent in jail, but determined to be victorious,

Paul and her sister suffragists fought on.

[40]   The 19th amendment giving women the right to vote was ratified on August 18, 1920. Women had

won the vote but they still hadn’t achieved equal rights, so Paul and the National Woman’s Party took up

the fight to achieve them. Believing that the more she understood about law the more useful she would

be, Paul went back to school and earned three law degrees. In 1923 she drafted the text of the Equal

Rights Amendment and worked for women’s equality in national and international forums for the rest of

[45] her career. Nonetheless, it was only in 1972 that Congress passed the Equal Rights Amendment and sent

it to the states for ratification.

   Alice suffered a stroke in 1974 and died on July 9, 1977, at the age of 92. She would never know that

the amendment for which she had fought so long and hard would not be ratified. Alice Paul dedicated her

life to championing women and their rights. Remember her the next time you vote.

Disponível em: <http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/2012/05/alice-paul-champion-of-woman-suffrage.html>. Acesso em: 7 ago. 17. (Adaptado.)

 

Segundo o texto, é correto afirmar que Alice Paul

Observe a tirinha a seguir.

Avalie as informações a seguir.

 

I. O planeta está sofrendo com o aquecimento global.

II. A avestruz representa o sofrimento dos animais com o desmatamento.

III. A temperatura mundial está afetando muito mais o meio ambiente que os seres vivos.

IV. A avestruz representa os animais sentindo a temperatura elevada da terra.

V. A avestruz representa o ser humano que se recusa a aceitar os efeitos negativos de seus atos ao invés de soluciona-los.

 

É correto apenas o que se afirma em:

Directions: Read the text below and answer question according to it.

 

SOME OF THE INTERNET'S CRAZIEST CONSPIRACY THEORIES

  

Michael Jackson Is Still Alive

 

  The advent of the internet hasn't just cooked up¹

new conspiracy theories, it's also accelerated existing

ones. If you refuse to believe that it was the Iranians that

[5] killed him, perhaps you'll be convinced that MJ is actually

still alive. Proof? His own daughter Paris Jackson took a

photo of him. Seriously. What do you mean you don't

see him? He's right there in the back seat, stacked²

under that pile of clothes wearing his iconic hat. Believe,

[10] man. Thriller Vol.2 to drop next year.

    The Moon Doesn't Exist

  It's no good looking at it, night after night. The

moon doesn't exist. It's a hologram, put there by persons

unknown. Of course, serial conspiracy theorist David

[15] Icke has a theory. There are also countless YouTubers

keeping an eye out, one of whom has gone as far as

"looking at it regularly for a year".

    Jay Z Is A Time-Travelling Vampire

  There are vast regions of the internet devoted to

[20] explaining why Jay Z is part of the Illuminati. Hence³

when this photo, which was taken in New York in 1939,

appeared last year, he was accused of being a timetraveller.

And a vampire. This video lists other old-time

celebrity lookalikes⁴, as well as suggesting that

[25] Hollywood stars don't age because they're the immortal

bloodsucking undead. Not because they're stuffed⁵ with

botox, then?

    The Earth Is Hollow

  Don't give up, readers. We're halfway through

[30] this list. We can make it to the end. Dig⁶ deep. Well, not

too deep. You see, the Earth is hollow⁷ and accessible

via portals at the north and south poles. Luckily though,

it's quite habitable down there, providing excellent living

quarters⁸ for the lost Viking colonies of Greenland and

[35] the Nazis, while "aliens" are in fact just visitors from the

subterranean areas.

    Siri Can Predict The Apocalypse

  Amazing as it may seem, given that it can't do

anything else you actually ask it to do, Siri can predict

[40] the apocalypse. When asked "What day is 27th July

2014?", Apple's assistant replied, "The opening of the

gate of Hades", aka⁹ The End Of The World. That date

has now passed without issue¹⁰. Say what you like about

the maligned MS Office paperclip, but at least he didn't

[45] scaremonger¹¹ that the end was near.

    We All Live In The Matrix And Billionaires Want To Break Us Out Of It

  The New Yorker’s Tad Friend claims that many

people in Silicone Valley are obsessed with the idea that

[50] we're all living in a Matrix-like simulation, and some are

taking that obsession a stage further: “Two tech

billionaires have gone so far as to secretly engage

scientists to work on breaking us out of the

simulation.”Here's hoping Mark Zuckerberg is 'The One',

[55] yeah?

    Hitler Is Still Alive

  "Hitler is still alive" rumours have circulated since

the 1970s, fuelled by the fact that his crony Josef

Mengele hid in South America. Stories like this one,

[60] however, speculate the 125-year-old Hitler has been

responsible for various world disasters, including 9/11

and the 2010 Gulf oil spill, which happened on his

birthday. Other theories say he died in 1984 in Brazil,

aged 94. Or in Argentina, aged 73.

(Adapted from http://www.shortlist.com/entertainment/20-of-the-internets-craziestconspiracy-theories/Acesso em: 14 de fev 2017)

 

Glossary:

1 - cook up – to invent a story, a plan, etc.

2 - stacked – covered with things

3 - hence – the reason, the explanation for

4 - lookalikes – similar in appearance

5 - stuffed – filled with something

6 - dig – to make a hole in the ground

7 - hollow – a hole or empty space

8 - quarter – a place to live

9 - aka – abbreviation for also known as

10 - issue – problem

11 - scaremonger – a person that creates stories that cause public fear

The expression “further” (line 51) introduces an idea of

Directions: Read the text below and answer question according to it.

 

SOME OF THE INTERNET'S CRAZIEST CONSPIRACY THEORIES

  

Michael Jackson Is Still Alive

 

  The advent of the internet hasn't just cooked up¹

new conspiracy theories, it's also accelerated existing

ones. If you refuse to believe that it was the Iranians that

[5] killed him, perhaps you'll be convinced that MJ is actually

still alive. Proof? His own daughter Paris Jackson took a

photo of him. Seriously. What do you mean you don't

see him? He's right there in the back seat, stacked²

under that pile of clothes wearing his iconic hat. Believe,

[10] man. Thriller Vol.2 to drop next year.

    The Moon Doesn't Exist

  It's no good looking at it, night after night. The

moon doesn't exist. It's a hologram, put there by persons

unknown. Of course, serial conspiracy theorist David

[15] Icke has a theory. There are also countless YouTubers

keeping an eye out, one of whom has gone as far as

"looking at it regularly for a year".

    Jay Z Is A Time-Travelling Vampire

  There are vast regions of the internet devoted to

[20] explaining why Jay Z is part of the Illuminati. Hence³

when this photo, which was taken in New York in 1939,

appeared last year, he was accused of being a timetraveller.

And a vampire. This video lists other old-time

celebrity lookalikes⁴, as well as suggesting that

[25] Hollywood stars don't age because they're the immortal

bloodsucking undead. Not because they're stuffed⁵ with

botox, then?

    The Earth Is Hollow

  Don't give up, readers. We're halfway through

[30] this list. We can make it to the end. Dig⁶ deep. Well, not

too deep. You see, the Earth is hollow⁷ and accessible

via portals at the north and south poles. Luckily though,

it's quite habitable down there, providing excellent living

quarters⁸ for the lost Viking colonies of Greenland and

[35] the Nazis, while "aliens" are in fact just visitors from the

subterranean areas.

    Siri Can Predict The Apocalypse

  Amazing as it may seem, given that it can't do

anything else you actually ask it to do, Siri can predict

[40] the apocalypse. When asked "What day is 27th July

2014?", Apple's assistant replied, "The opening of the

gate of Hades", aka⁹ The End Of The World. That date

has now passed without issue¹⁰. Say what you like about

the maligned MS Office paperclip, but at least he didn't

[45] scaremonger¹¹ that the end was near.

    We All Live In The Matrix And Billionaires Want To Break Us Out Of It

  The New Yorker’s Tad Friend claims that many

people in Silicone Valley are obsessed with the idea that

[50] we're all living in a Matrix-like simulation, and some are

taking that obsession a stage further: “Two tech

billionaires have gone so far as to secretly engage

scientists to work on breaking us out of the

simulation.”Here's hoping Mark Zuckerberg is 'The One',

[55] yeah?

    Hitler Is Still Alive

  "Hitler is still alive" rumours have circulated since

the 1970s, fuelled by the fact that his crony Josef

Mengele hid in South America. Stories like this one,

[60] however, speculate the 125-year-old Hitler has been

responsible for various world disasters, including 9/11

and the 2010 Gulf oil spill, which happened on his

birthday. Other theories say he died in 1984 in Brazil,

aged 94. Or in Argentina, aged 73.

(Adapted from http://www.shortlist.com/entertainment/20-of-the-internets-craziestconspiracy-theories/Acesso em: 14 de fev 2017)

 

Glossary:

1 - cook up – to invent a story, a plan, etc.

2 - stacked – covered with things

3 - hence – the reason, the explanation for

4 - lookalikes – similar in appearance

5 - stuffed – filled with something

6 - dig – to make a hole in the ground

7 - hollow – a hole or empty space

8 - quarter – a place to live

9 - aka – abbreviation for also known as

10 - issue – problem

11 - scaremonger – a person that creates stories that cause public fear

“We all live in the matrix and billionaires want to break us out of it” (lines 46 and 47) is

A Tale of Two Epidemics - HCV Treatment among Native Americans and Veterans  

Brigg Reilley, M.P.H., and Jessica Leston, M.P.H.  

 

  In light of ongoing debates about health care budgets and rising drug prices, a current public health crisis can provide useful insights. For patients who get their health care through two separate federal agencies, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic is unfolding in vastly different ways. In recent years, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system has mounted a response to HCV that should be the envy of any health system, public or private ,  the Indian Health Service (IHS), an agency that serves American Indians and Alaska Natives, is struggling to meet the needs of its patients with HCV. 

  Hepatitis C is a chronic viral infection that affects an estimated 3.5 million Americans. The majority of these people were exposed to the virus decades ago, and many of them still don’t know they are infected, since HCV often remains asymptomatic for many years as it silently damages the liver. Risk factors for HCV infection include injection-drug use and historical medical exposures (such as through blood transfusion prior to 1996). The virus is the driving force behind increasing rates of liver cancer in the United States, and it kills more Americans than 60 other notifiable infectious diseases, including HIV, combined. In recent years, breakthroughs have resulted in medications that can reliably cure HCV, often by means of a single pill taken once a day for just 12 weeks. These new medications allow primary care providers to take an active role in the elimination of HCV infection. Now the biggest barrier is cost: the retail price of each pill is more than $1,000. 

(Adapted from: New England Journal of Medicine, August 31, 2017) 

 

De acordo com o texto,  

A Tale of Two Epidemics - HCV Treatment among Native Americans and Veterans  

Brigg Reilley, M.P.H., and Jessica Leston, M.P.H.  

 

  In light of ongoing debates about health care budgets and rising drug prices, a current public health crisis can provide useful insights. For patients who get their health care through two separate federal agencies, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic is unfolding in vastly different ways. In recent years, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system has mounted a response to HCV that should be the envy of any health system, public or private ,  the Indian Health Service (IHS), an agency that serves American Indians and Alaska Natives, is struggling to meet the needs of its patients with HCV. 

  Hepatitis C is a chronic viral infection that affects an estimated 3.5 million Americans. The majority of these people were exposed to the virus decades ago, and many of them still don’t know they are infected, since HCV often remains asymptomatic for many years as it silently damages the liver. Risk factors for HCV infection include injection-drug use and historical medical exposures (such as through blood transfusion prior to 1996). The virus is the driving force behind increasing rates of liver cancer in the United States, and it kills more Americans than 60 other notifiable infectious diseases, including HIV, combined. In recent years, breakthroughs have resulted in medications that can reliably cure HCV, often by means of a single pill taken once a day for just 12 weeks. These new medications allow primary care providers to take an active role in the elimination of HCV infection. Now the biggest barrier is cost: the retail price of each pill is more than $1,000. 

(Adapted from: New England Journal of Medicine, August 31, 2017) 

 

A lacuna I no texto é preenchida por